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Columbia Engineering The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science EXCELLENTIA Excellence EMINENTIA Leadership EFFECTIO Impact Photography by Eileen Barroso Copyright © 2011 by Columbia Engineering, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University in the City of New York. All rights reserved. Printed by Kirkwood Printing Company, in cooperation with Columbia Engineering. Printed in the United States of America. For information, contact the Office of the Dean, Columbia Engineering, Columbia University, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 500 West 120th Street, Room 510, New York, NY, 10027. Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938259 ISBN: 978-0-9839511-0-0 “Inspired by the scientific breakthroughs of their predecessors, Columbia Engineering’s faculty provide the same inspiration for our students throughout our classrooms and labo- ratories, educating them to be engineering and applied science leaders who will address some of the world’s most challenging problems and develop solutions for the betterment of the human condition.”—Feniosky—Feniosky Peña-Mora Peña-Mora Dean and Morris A. and Alma Schapiro Professor Feniosky Peña-Mora Educating Socially Responsible Global FOREWORD Engineering and Applied Science Leaders HEALTH Introduction Allen, Peter K. Building Disposable Surgical Robots Anastassiou, Dimitris Finding the Mechanisms of Psychiatric Disorders Ateshian, Gerard A. Trying to Grow Strong Cartilage Bal, Guillaume Sharpening Images Through Mathematics Banta, Scott A. Delivering Drugs Faster Diament, Paul Employing Electromagnetics to Treat Malaria Guo, X. Edward Predicting Bone Strength, Preventing Osteoporosis Hess, Henry Building Tiny, Muscle-Like Engines Hielscher, Andreas H. Imaging Diseases in New Light Hillman, Elizabeth M. C. Unlocking the Brain’s Secrets Hone, James C. Reprogramming Cells to Boost Immunity Huang, Hayden Understanding How Heart Cells Work Hung, Clark T. Cushioning the Blow of Joint Pain Jacobs, Christopher R. Combating Bone Loss Ju, Jingyue Creating Personalized DNA Chips for Everybody Kam, Lance C. Engineering the Body’s Defenses Koberstein, Jeffrey T. Delivering Drugs to the Right Place Konofagou, Elisa E. Treating Tumors Without Radiation Laine, Andrew F. Analyzing 3-D Video Ultrasound of the Heart Lazar, Aurel A. Understanding How Flies’ Brains Identify Odors Leonard, Edward F. Developing an Artificial Kidney Liao, Jung-Chi Seeing Proteins at Work Lin, Qiao Monitoring Glucose Without Pinpricks Lu, Helen H. Repairing Torn Ligaments Morrison III, Barclay Preventing Traumatic Brain Injury Mow, Van C. Reconstructing Cartilage Myers, Kristin Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of Soft Tissues Ortiz, Vanessa Using Physics and Engineering to Understand Biological Phenomena O’Shaughnessy, Ben Figuring Out How Viruses Invade Cells Pe’er, Itsik Discovering Origins of Diabetes Sajda, Paul Capturing the “Aha!” Moment Shepard, Kenneth L. Integrating Biology in a Chip Sia, Samuel K. Streamlining Blood Testing EXCELLENTIA COLUMBIA ENGINEERING Truong, Van-Anh Strategies for a Smarter Health Care System Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana Fixing Bones and Hearts Wiggins, Chris H. “Turning Off” Cancer Genes Yao, Y. Lawrence Detecting “Dirty Bomb” Radiation Introduction SUSTAINABILITY Bailey, William E. Putting a New Spin On the Science of Electronics Betti, Raimondo Assessing Damage in Aging Infrastructure Bienstock, Daniel Short-Circuiting Blackouts Billinge, Simon Characterizing Nanoparticles for Fuel Cells Boozer, Allen Shaping Magnetic Fusion Cane, Mark Predicting El Niño Castaldi, Marco Recycling Carbon Dioxide for Energy Chan, Siu-Wai Investigating the Magical Properties of Grain Boundaries and Interfaces Chandran, Kartik Repairing the Microbial Nitrogen Cycle Chen, Xi Harvesting Energy Via Nanomechanics Cole, Andrew Spinning Between Theory and Experiment Culligan, Patricia Greening Infrastructure Dasgupta, Gautam Relating Forces to Real-World Systems Deodatis, George Quantifying Uncertainty in Infrastructure Studies Duby, Paul F. Driving Efficiency and Sustainability into Materials Processing and Energy Duchêne, Vincent Mathematically Modeling the Behavior of the Ocean Durning, Christopher J. Using Nanomaterials to Filter Clean Drinking Water Gentine, Pierre Predicting Droughts and Floods Heinz, Tony Collecting Solar Energy with Nanomaterials Herman, Irving Tuning Nanomaterials for a Better World Kumar, Sanat Storing Energy More Efficiently Kymissis, Ioannis (John) Producing Organic Photovoltaics Kysar, Jeffrey W. Analyzing Materials Under Extreme Conditions Lackner, Klaus Creating Artificial Trees Lall, Upmanu Solving the Global Water Crisis Ling, Hoe Stabilizing the Slippery Slope Marianetti, Chris Predicting Behavior of Materials Mauel, Michael Containing Hot Plasma for Fusion McNeill, V. Faye Understanding Brown Carbon EXCELLENTIA COLUMBIA ENGINEERING Meyer, Christian Making Concrete “Green” Modi, Vijay Engineering in the Developing World INFORMATION Narayanaswamy, Arvind Tailoring Thermal Transport Navratil, Gerald Stabilizing Plasma for Fusion Energy Osgood, Richard Looking at Light Park, Ah-Hyung (Alissa) Capturing Carbon for Sustainable Energy Polvani, Lorenzo Re-evaluating the Ozone Layer Schlosser, Peter Sustaining the Environment Sen, Amiya Harnessing Fusion: The Ultimate Green Energy Sobel, Adam Modeling Monsoons Somasundaran, Ponisseril Fostering New Ways to “Green” Spiegelman, Marc Studying Earth’s Mantle and Crust Terrell, Elon J. Keeping Wind Turbines Turning Testa, Rene B. Maintaining Aging Urban Infrastructure Venkataraman, Latha Building Single-Molecule Circuits Volpe, Francesco Working Towards Net Fusion Energy Waisman, Haim Keeping Structures Sound Wang, Wen Using Optoelectronics for Chemical and Environmental Sensing West, Alan C. Applying Electrochemical Technologies for Sustainable Energy Wong, Chee Wei Controlling Light with Nanostructures Yegulalp, Tuncel Going to Extremes Yin, Huiming Raising the Roof Introduction INFORMATION Aho, Alfred V. Creating Reliable Programs from Unreliable Programmers Barmak, Katayun Helping to Rapidly Transform Materials for Engineered Systems Belhumeur, Peter N. Turning a New Leaf on Face Recognition Bellovin, Steven Protecting Privacy in Complex Systems Bergman, Keren Battling Internet Gridlock with Light Blanchet, Jose Understanding How Black Swans Evolve Carloni, Luca Networking Chips Chaintreau, Augustin Scaling Up the Mobile Social Internet Chang, Shih-Fu Developing Next-Generation Visual Search Engines Chen, Xi Using Game Theory to Study the Internet and E-Commerce Chudnovsky, Maria Exploring the Structure of Abstract Graphs Collins, Michael A Man of Many Words EXCELLENTIA COLUMBIA ENGINEERING Cont, Rama Modeling Systemic Risk in Financial Networks Derman, Emanuel Understanding When Models Behave Badly Edwards, Stephen A. Testing and Correcting Embedded Processors Ellis, Daniel P. Delving into the Science of Listening Englund, Dirk Transmitting Information Securely Feiner, Steven K. Augmenting Reality Fish, Jacob Pushing the Limits of Multiscale Science and Engineering Gallego, Guillermo M. Engineering Services (Before They Perish) Geambasu, Roxana Increasing Control over Cloud and Mobile Data Goldfarb, Donald Finding a Way Around Too Much Data Goyal, Vineet Studying Decision Making in the Face of Uncertainty Gravano, Luis Supercharging Search Engines Grinspun, Eitan Predicting the Motion of Materials Gross, Jonathan Untying Knots with Mathematics He, Xuedong Modeling the Irrational Hirschberg, Julia B. Recognizing the Melody of Speech Im, James Finding the Fundamentals of Silicon for Advanced Electronics Iyengar, Garud N. Deciphering the Mysteries of Microbial Communications Jebara, Tony Finding Patterns in a Complex World Jelenkovic, Predrag Unwinding Heavy Tails Kachani, Soulaymane Understanding the Dynamics Behind Pricing Kaiser, Gail E. Testing What Cannot Be Tested Kender, John Indexing Videos Automatically Keromytis, Angelos Protecting Computers After the Barbarians Are Inside the Gate Kim, Martha Accelerating Processing’s Family Van Kinget, Peter Connecting Bits to Life Kou, Steven S.G. Linking Domino Theories to Real-World Pricing Krishnaswamy, Harish Pushing the Performance of Silicon-Based Systems Leung, Tim Siu-Tang Designing Ways to Account for Foreseeable Financial Risk Longman, Richard W. Making Robots Learn Malkin, Tal Securing the Lock after the Key is Stolen McKeown, Kathleen Summarizing the News (Automatically) Misra, Vishal Boosting Profits with Peer-to-Peer Networks Nayar, Shree K. Picturing the World in New Ways Nieh, Jason Delivering Desktop Computing from the Cloud EXCELLENTIA COLUMBIA ENGINEERING Nowick, Steven Marching Without a Beat Olvera-Cravioto, Mariana Searching for a Heavy Tail Peña-Mora, Feniosky Improving Large-Scale Disaster Response Pinczuk, Aron Creating Nanoscale Devices Ross, Kenneth Processing Parallel Insights Rubenstein, Dan Networking Your Wallet, Credit Cards, and Keys Schulzrinne, Henning G. Sensing Our Connected World Seok, Mingoo Improving Human Health with Low-Power Cyber Physical Systems Servedio, Rocco A. Playing “20 Questions” with Geometry Sethumadhavan, Simha Designing Secure Hardware Sethuraman, Jay Finding a Fairer Way to Admit Students Sigman, Karl Predicting the Probability of Congestion Smyth, Andrew W. Monitoring Structural Health with Sensor Data Fusion Stein, Clifford S. Estimating Solutions to Difficult Problems Stolfo, Salvatore J. Using Anomalies to Defend Against Insiders Traub, Joseph F. Computing Quantum
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