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Manifestation of Odia Nationalism in Jagannath Philosophy : a Mythological Study

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Manifestation of Odia Nationalism in Jagannath Philosophy : a Mythological Study Odisha Review December - 2015 Manifestation of Odia Nationalism in Jagannath Philosophy : A Mythological Study Dr. Alekh Ch. Padhiary Down the ages, Lord Jagannath has emerged as Jagannath cult by adopting this attitude. For that a symbol of Odia Nationalism. The image of this we have to leave the unquestionable devotion of nationalistic consciousness can be realized by the mythology. In this regard, the writer of understanding how the aboriginal tribes, deities communism Sri Guru Charan Pattanaik said or harbinger of ostrich culture known as Jagannath “generally mythology” is written by the Brahman has been recognized as Maha Boudha, Maha Purohits. Whatever may be the difference Jaina and Lord of Brahmanistic Hinduism through regarding the time of writing the Puranas, there is cataclysm of history. In different branches and no divergent opinion regarding the fact that it is a sub-branches of Brahmanism, such as Saiva, matter of history. Human faith is shattered by Shakta, Vaisnavism and Tantrik philosophy, we consciousness so also the sanctity of mythology find Lord Jagannath occupying a pioneering place. is broken by the question of history. So both One can realize the entire universe by seeing Lord science and mythology are antithetic to religion Jagannath and Lord’s existence can be realised and live side. within the vast universe. In fact in the entire universe, there is one Lord in Whom the soul of We understand the origin of Lord entire unitary universe is epitomized. Jagannath and its evolution by interpretation of the mythology but we never question the The culture of Lord Jagannath originated authenticity or logic behind the mythological during the period of primitive communism, which events. Religion stipulates that mythology should is called as the early civilization of human race by be heard without questioning its authenticity. So the social scientists. Later on, the Lord was also for realizing Lord Jagannath, interpretation perceived as belonging to different religions, of mythology is also similarly essential. Because different culture and different philosophies. If one by removing blind belief from one’s mind one can analyses that colour scientifically, it appears that realise the feeling of Lord Jagannath. Dr. R.C. Lord Jagannath is the God of the entire Universe. Hajra in his book has mentioned the origin of One cannot understanding the Jagannath mythology and history under the title “Study of consciousness or Jagannath itself by understand Puranic Record on Hindu Rites and Customs”. mere devotion or mere mythology. One cannot From all these, he comes to the conclusion that catch the point where national integration or all the mythology is created after the birth of Jesus human integration is how embedded in the Christ. 45 December - 2015 Odisha Review Lord Jagannath establishes that the spirit Odisha, i.e. Utkal at that time, revenue to the tune of nationalism is above the limitation of time, space of Rs.20 lakhs (Madha of Gold) was collected. and object of human being. Its land and Ananga Bhima Dev prepared necessary plan for geographical limits are of no value in the cataclysm incurring proper expenditure of these collected of time. Realisation of Lord Jagannath has great gold. Addressing his successor monarch, he has feeling, the time is super time and limits are mentioned that if any of the kings makes any unlimited. The culture of Odisha and the tradition exception to the arrangement he has made for of literature have its importance on this beginning expenditure of this treasure, he will be a culprit in from the Mahabharata of Sarala Das or Deula the eye of Lord Jagannath. By this, the king has Tola of Nilambara Das till the devotional lyric of his loyality to the estate. Madala panji records Bhima Bhoi or modern poet Madhusudan that how the income and expenditure has been great feeling and consciousness are being realised. projected by the king for the nation as well as the If we interpret evolution of society, it will appear Lord of the nation. During the time of Ananga that Jagannath consciousness is quite old. Sri G.C. Bhima Deva, Lord Jagannath has already attained Pattanaik adopts a new attitude while discussing the status of State Deity, i.e., Rashtra Devata. this aspect of Lord Jagannath, “the division of class emerged at the time of development of Sindh During the time of Gajapati Ananga Bhima civilization, so it has come after the Jagannath Cult Deva, Jagannath temple was not only constructed, development. From the point of view of social it was working as a promoter of unity in political, evolution, Jagannath society is ancestral to Hindu social and cultural consciousness of Odisha. After Dharma development on the remnance of Indus Ananga Bhima Deva, many legends, folklores and Valley Civilization. So also both Indus Valley stories concerning Lord Jagannath is being heard. Civilization has developed on the remmance of If we interpret and analyse these legends, we can Jagannath Culture or developed on the remnance realise how cultural and spiritual unity is embedded of old communist society. These two civilizations in those stories. It may be noted that there may are two stages of social evolution Former or later, not be historical truth behind these stories, but they admit the inevitable consequences of social this contribution for maintaining the integration and evolution. integrity of Odias could not be denied. As a result, though not supported by history, these hearing Jagannath consciousness gradually emerged and folktales have been able to unveil the greater with national feeling and national integrity at the truth behind the history. Not only history and time of king Ananga Bhima Deva and it attended legends have been created to establish the super its complete form at the time of king Kapilendra natural power of Lord Jagannath, but also the Deva, who belongs to Solar Dynasty. Ananga blessings of Lord Jagannath had been sought for Bhima Deva was a popular administrator among maintaining political stability of Odisha. Again for the Gajapati kings. During his time, the boundary administration of Odisha and selection of different of Odisha was extended from Kanga Banga to Gajapati Kings, blessings of Lord Jagannath had river Doreibudi. This has been mentioned in been sought. One Mattabhanu Deva, who was Madala Panji. Similarly as per Madala Panji, in having no children, prayed the Lord to know, who the west it was extended from Bhimnagar will be his successor after him, the Lord informed Dandapat to Sonepur. From the vast territory of him in his dream that “tomorrow while 46 Odisha Review December - 2015 worshipping Goddess Bimla, you will find a described beautifully, so also in the writings of beggar eating the Prasad from a broken earthen Utkalamani Gopabandhu Dash. This has also pot and running away on seeing you, he will be been described in various literature of Odisha, your successor”. And Kapilendra Deva, who was some of which are Kanchi-Kaveri of Ramasankar doing this work, became the successor of Roy, Purusottama Deva of Godabarish Mishra, Mattabhanu Deva. Similarly, on 35th years of his Abhijana by Kalicharan Pattanaik. These dramas reign, King Kapilendra Deva sought blessings of had a great role in controlling the national life of Lord Jagannath and prayed to know his successor. Odias. That night, he was informed in his dream that Purusottam Deva will be the next successor, Prataparudra Deva succeeded Kapilendra Deva was surprised. Purusottama Deva to become the Gajapati king. During his time Lord Chaitanya came to Odisha The Gajapati kings of Odisha are the and the spirit of Vaisnavites cult prevailed. The servants of the people as well as Lord Jagannath. Pancha Sakha played a pioneering role in So his pride is a pride of entire Odias. To keep spreading devotional cult of Lord Jagannath. All up that pride, Lord Jagannath and Balabhadra their writings hovered round Lord Jagannath. The have gone to the war field riding white and black concept of Gyana Bhakti and Prema Bhakti horse. He sweeps at the time of car festival as became integrated in the soil of Odisha. When servant of Sri Jagannath. The ego of monarchy is Prataprudra Deva during his 17th years of reign sacrificed when he works like a common sweeper. was in a sojourn to south India, the Moguls from The idealism in loss of kingly pride and ego can Gouda kingdom attacked Odisha during this time, be observed here. The King of Kanchi saw this taking advantage of absence of the king. The sweeping in a different way and he refused to give servitors saved Lord Jagannath by secretly his daughter Padmavati into marriage with carrying the Lords to Chadheiguha hill in boat. Purosottama Deva. As a result, Purusottama Getting information, Prataparudra Deva came Deva started his campaign against Kanchi being from South and removed Moguls from Odisha. assisted by Lord Jagannath and Lord Balabhadra But one Gobinda Bidyadhar taking the advantage and the kingdom of Kanchi was defeated. While of the volatile political situation killed 32 sons of going on Kanchi campaign, on the way the Lords Purusottama Deva and adorned the throne. But took curd from one milkmaid, namely Manika to he could not live in peace. Thereafter continuously quench their hunger and thirst and gave their Odisha became victims of the attack of Moguls, diamond rings to her. The king later while going Marathas, Afghans and Britishers. for Kanchi Abhijan could saw the diamond ring and got confirmed about the blessings of the During the period of despair and distress Lords. This is a story which has tremendous in the lives of Odia nation, Lord Jagannath has impact on the mind of the people of Odisha. From become a symbol of national unity and security.
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