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Plant-Soil Interactions Plant-Soil Plant-Soil Interactions • Michel-Pierre Faucon Plant-Soil Interactions Edited by Michel-Pierre Faucon Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Diversity www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Plant-Soil Interactions Plant-Soil Interactions Editor Michel-Pierre Faucon MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editor Michel-Pierre Faucon Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle France Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity/special issues/ plant soil interactions). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-0365-0406-3 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-0365-0407-0 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Sophie Faucon Potier. © 2021 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editor .............................................. vii Michel-Pierre Faucon Plant–Soil Interactions as Drivers of the Structure and Functions of Plant Communities Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 452, doi:10.3390/d12120452 .................... 1 Celestino Quintela-Sabar´ıs, Michel-Pierre Faucon, Rimi Repin, John B. Sugau, Reuben Nilus, Guillaume Echevarria and Sophie Legu´edois Plant Functional Traits on Tropical Ultramafic Habitats Affected by Fire and Mining: Insights for Reclamation Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 248, doi:10.3390/d12060248 .................... 3 Pape Ibrahima Djighaly, Daouda Ngom, Nathalie Diagne, Dioumacor Fall, Mariama Ngom, Di´eganeDiouf, Valerie Hocher, Laurent Laplaze, Antony Champion, Jill M. Farrant and Sergio Svistoonoff Effect of Casuarina Plantations Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Frankia on the Diversity of Herbaceous Vegetation in Saline Environments in Senegal Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 293, doi:10.3390/d12080293 .................... 21 Nathalie Diagne, Mariama Ngom, Pape Ibrahima Djighaly, Dioumacor Fall, Val´erieHocher and Sergio Svistoonoff Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Performance: Importance in Biotic and Abiotic Stressed Regulation Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 370, doi:10.3390/d12100370 .................... 39 Jennifer Estendorfer, Barbara Stempfhuber, Gisle Vestergaard, Stefanie Schulz, Matthias C. Rillig, Jasmin Joshi, Peter Schroder¨ and Michael Schloter Definition of Core Bacterial Taxa in Different Root Compartments of Dactylis glomerata, Grown in Soil under Different Levels of Land Use Intensity Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 392, doi:10.3390/d12100392 .................... 65 Daniel M. Villegas, Jaime Velasquez, Jacobo Arango, Karen Obregon, Idupulapati M. Rao, Gelber Rosas and Astrid Oberson Urochloa Grasses Swap Nitrogen Source When Grown in Association with Legumes in Tropical Pastures Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 419, doi:10.3390/d12110419 .................... 83 L´ea Kervro¨edan,Romain Armand, Mathieu Saunier and Michel-Pierre Faucon Functional Diversity Effects of Vegetation on Runoff to Design Herbaceous Hedges for Sediment Retention Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 131, doi:10.3390/d12040131 .................... 99 Andrew Richards, Mehrbod Estaki, Jos´eRam´on Urbez-Torres,´ Pat Bowen, Tom Lowery and Miranda Hart Cover Crop Diversity as a Tool to Mitigate Vine Decline and Reduce Pathogens in Vineyard Soils Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 128, doi:10.3390/d12040128 ....................111 v About the Editor Michel-Pierre Faucon was born on 5 October 1982 in Bethune (France, 62) and is Ass. Professor of plant ecology and agroecology in the Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle (ULS) where he is Director of Research and Innovation. He lectures in plant ecology, functional ecology, agroecology and ecological engineering. He holds a PhD in plant ecology and biogeochemistry (2005–2009, Free University of Brussels) and accreditation to supervise research and PhDs (2015). His research focuses on functional ecology of plant–soil interactions in grassland ecosystems and agroecosystems. He has developed trait-based agroecology in new cropping systems including multispecific crops for food, bio-sourced energy and ore to understand plant–soil feedback processes, manage ecosystem services and develop bioeconomy. Recent research has allowed highlighting the key role of the functional structure of cover crops in phosphorus availability and soil physical properties involved in soil resistance to erosion and traffic-induced soil deformation. He has acted as project leader in more than ten funded research projects (funds from European Union, French Ministry of Research and Education, private companies in environment and agriculture). He has published more than 50 peer-reviewed papers and frequently acts as chairman in international conferences. He has successfully supervised five PhD students. He is a member of several professional organizations and coleader of innovation projects for sustainable and inclusive territorial development. vii diversity Editorial Plant–Soil Interactions as Drivers of the Structure and Functions of Plant Communities Michel-Pierre Faucon AGHYLE (SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417), UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, 60026 Beauvais, France; [email protected]; Tel.: +33-(0)3-44-06-38-03 Received: 23 November 2020; Accepted: 27 November 2020; Published: 28 November 2020 1. Introduction Plant–soil interactions play an important role in the structure and function of plant communities and thus in the functioning of ecosystems. Soil properties represent a strong selection pressure for plant diversity and influence the structure of plant communities and participate in the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Plant communities grow by modifying the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, with consequent effects on survival and growth of plants. This process—called plant–soil feedback—plays a key role in water and nutrient availability and the dynamic of soil-borne microbial pathogens, parasite populations, and root herbivores, by globally impacting the vegetation succession and net primary productivity. Plant–soil feedbacks can, however, present contrasting effects on plant community assemblage and ecosystem development [1]. Plant–soil interactions include many biophysical and chemical processes combined with spatial and temporal variations and represent an ecological complexity that still needs to be unraveled. The challenge is to improve knowledge on the role of plant–soil interactions in the plant community structure and functions and their consequences in ecosystem functioning. Functional trait approaches enhance ecological process understanding by characterizing the mechanisms that govern interactions between plants and their environments, and, particularly in this Special Issue, soil–plant interactions [2]. This “plant–soil interactions” Special Issue addresses both soil factor effects on plant communities and the role of ecological complementarity and species diversity of plant communities in soil properties and ecosystem services. Soil factor effects on plant community structure are addressed by highlighting plant trait selection by degraded habitats in ultramafic soils for mine reclamation [3], by specifying the effect of microorganism supply (AMF, Frankia and Rhizophagus fasciculatus) on plant community structures and ecological restoration [4], and by reviewing the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses and improve plant growth [5]. In addition, a distinct composition of plant-associated core bacterial communities independent of land use intensity is identified [6]. The role of ecological complementarity and species diversity of plant communities in soil properties and ecosystem services is addressed in this Special Issue. Ecological complementarity is demonstrated by the integration of legumes in nitrogen deficiency monospecific tropical grass pasture increasing biomass productivity and N uptake [7]. The non-additive effect of functional diversity (FD) is demonstrated on several soil processes and ecosystem services. The non-additive effect of FD on the hydraulic resistance and thus soil sedimentation is shown and can be explained by the presence of species presenting large stems in the communities with high functional diversity [8]. The effect of plant traits on hydraulic resistance and soil sedimentation process is driven by the community-weighted leaf density and not by the functional diversity of leaf and stem traits at the community level [8]. In another ecological process, species diversity does not show a positive effect on the abundance of fungal pathogens. White mustard Diversity 2020, 12, 452; doi:10.3390/d121204521 www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Diversity 2020, 12, 452 is the only cover crop species associated with the decrease in necrotic root damage and abundance of fungal pathogens in vineyards
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