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History & Heritage Thanks to: Colin L Sutton for his help with the history of cinema in Bradford Tony Earnshaw for details of Bradford's classic films Michael Harvey for information on W E Berry Irna Qureshi for contributing comments made to her by members of the public during the 2007 IIFA Celebrations Dave McCall for his help with sourcing BFI images Oral histories compiled and edited by Irna Imran (now Qureshi), Tim Smith and Donald Hyslop, Bradford Heritage Recording Unit, CBMDC, 1994 Mellor, G. J. Movie Makers and Picture Palaces: A Century of Cinema in Yorkshire, 1896-1996, Bradford Museums, 1996 Branaghan, S and Chibnall, S. British Film Posters: An Illustrated History, BFI Publishing, 2006 For further information contact the Bradford City of Film Project Team on Tel: +44 (0) 1274 431015 or 432179 Email: [email protected] www.bradford-city-of-film.com 8 0 0 2 Pace plc is a member of the Board for Bradford City of Film. Part of Pace’s contribution to the project has been its time and expertise in creating the t s design and co-coordinating the production of this literature. u History & Heritage g u Pace is a world-leading technology developer for the digital TV industries, and its international headquarters are based in Saltaire, Bradford. A National Media W E Berry’s film poster Museum, Bradford Billy Liar (1962) Introduction Bradford seeks to become the first City of Film in the As well as its technical pioneers and classic locations, UNESCO Creative Cities Network. Home to some of the Bradford has other key links to the world of film. Before the earliest pioneers of cinema and the celebrated location of advent of television, over 45 cinemas flourished in the city and many classic films, Bradford can trace a proud and it is now the home of the hugely popular National Media accomplished film making heritage. Now, the city's film Museum (NMeM). Bradford has been the birthplace of a related stakeholders have devised a vision that draws on this whole range of international film talent and it plays host to history and acknowledges the vital role film plays in the social one of the most diverse film festival programmes in Europe. Introduction 02 and cultural life of this ethnically diverse city. The aim is to Bradford City of Film intends to build on more than a century Contents put film at the very centre of Bradford's regeneration. of achievement in film, ensuring that the city's rich heritage History of film screenings in Bradford 03 is preserved and celebrated while addressing its current City of Film will, with regional and national partners, foster economic, social and cultural challenges. Bradford’s picture pioneers and businesses 06 an exciting film culture in Bradford by: This volume presents an overview of the film history and Bradford’s films 08 • enhancing opportunities for film viewing and participation heritage with relation to screenings and cinemas, film in film related activities Film and Bradford’s Asian community 14 businesses and entrepreneurs, and film making in Bradford • delivering projects of international standing including film City of Film. Celebrating film into the future 21 festivals, film seasons and cultural events • supporting local film makers and creating an environment that welcomes film makers to the city • celebrating the city's film heritage from its technical pioneers to the classics shot locally • putting film at the very core of Bradford’s regeneration. 02 History of film early form of film rental, circulated to other halls in the Bradford's cinema history can be traced surrounding area. screenings in Bradford back to the 1890s. The first 'movies' were Bradford's cinema history can be traced back to the 1890s. Co-op Halls in the city centre and the suburbs were also used shown at the Kinetoscope Parlour in The first 'movies' were shown at the Kineoptosope Parlour in for showing films. Developed as an entertainment for Town Hall Square in 1894 using single shoppers, the idea was used as a means of corporate Town Hall Square in 1894 using single viewer machines, while viewer machines, while the first the first projected film images onto a large screen followed in advertising promotion well into the 'talkie' era. 1896 with the Lumière Show at the People's Palace Theatre. projected film images onto a large St George's Hall and Temperance Hall can claim to be the Soon these were being included as part of the regular music birthplace of 'full time' cinema in Bradford, while The Theatre screen followed in 1896 with the Lumière hall bill. de Luxe was the first to introduce 'continuous' programming Show at the People's Palace Theatre. In 1896, a demonstration of Wray's Kineoptosope was by Pathé Frères which was soon adopted by most other town given to Bradford Photographic Society in the Unity Rooms cinemas. in Sunbridge Road. A week later, Richard Appleton, a local photographer with his own studio, demonstrated his Growing popularity Cieroscope version of projected films at the Mechanics Bradford’s cinema traditions built up steadily over time: Institute. Edison apparatus was shown at St George's Hall • by 1923 Bradford had 42 licensed cinemas with five in and experimental films were to follow at regular intervals. nearby Shipley Above: Riley Bros’ In 1901, Sidney Carter established New Century Films, • by 1929 sound 'talkies' were introduced Kineoptoscope Super cinemas showing regular seasons of films in St George's Hall before • by 1934 there were 40 talkie cinemas in Bradford Right: Wray’s setting up similar ventures across the north of England. The 1930s saw the building of city centre 'super' cinemas, Cinematograph • the peak of cinema attendance was during the Second The renowned Mitchell and Kenyon films were also shot in large venues with extra facilities such as an organ, stage World War (1939-45) when there were 44 cinemas Bradford and shown at St George's Hall to capacity crowds. shows, cafe, restaurant and lavish ballroom. operating in Bradford and Shipley Bradford's jewel in the crown was its massive New Victoria For the next ten years more and more Bradford halls were • by 1962 this had dramatically reduced to 22 as a result of Theatre (later Gaumont/Odeon triple) which had 3,500 seats, used for film shows including The Empire Theatre and Lister the growth of television and the demolition of large areas a huge stage with dressing room, rehearsal and band rooms, Park. Various fairground sites also hosted travelling 'fit up' of terraced housing. shows. a Wurlitzer organ, ballroom, restaurant and tearoom. It had a resident orchestra and showed all the latest talkies. Of Following the Cinematograph Act of 1909, many more classical design and luxuriously furnished, it was 'the wonder converted or purpose built picture halls sprang up across the cinema of the North' and a cinema experience worthy of what city. The first purpose built picture hall was The King's Hall, was, at the time, a hugely prosperous wool trade city. built in 1911. The rival ABC and Odeon bosses (Maxwell and Deutsch In 1910, The Temperance Hall experimented with 'talking and respectively) realised they too had to offer something special singing', showing films crudely accompanied by a horn to compete. Odeon erected a 2,713 seat cinema which was gramophone. Pathé Frères opened their Electric Theatre de larger than its flagship in Leicester Square, London. ABC Luxe in 1911 and four large roller skating rinks were followed suit with its 2,037 seat Ritz cinema complete with converted into cinemas. The giant Towers Hall also had a film Compton organ, erected on a prime city-centre site. Both studio in the rear of the building which was the headquarters cinemas were the ultimate in luxury features and comfort. of The Captain Kettle Film Company and, later, Pyramid Films. Bradford was now a cinema-goer's paradise. It had three luxury super 'first-run' cinemas within walking distance of The Imperial Film Company used top floor studios in the town each other offering 8,350 seats in total between them which 03 centre. Its films were shown in Bradford cinemas and in an The Savoy Cinema, Darley Street in the 1920s were all regularly filled. 04 Centre for Bollywood film Riley Brothers Aamir Khan in Bradford’s picture From the late 1950s, Bradford has been a centre for the conversation at pioneers and businesses Based in Godwin Street, the Riley Brothers built a successful exhibition of South Asian films and the city can claim to Pictureville Cinema, business in the 1890s supplying and exhibiting lantern slides. National Media Bradford played an important role in the early days of moving have been ahead of its time in catering for its ethnic In the early days, the firm’s founder, Joseph Riley, toured Museum pictures, its pioneers diversifying their businesses between minority groups. Methodist chapels giving 'Illustrated Lantern Lectures' and by film making, technological development and exhibition. Some 1895, the company claimed to have the largest collection of of the key names in Bradford’s early film scene included such “In 1958 I heard somebody had a cinema, Western Talkie lantern slides in the world. Theatre, on Park Road, Little Horton area it was. That became legends as R J Appleton, the Riley Brothers, Henry Hibbert a cinema for Asian films. Gradually from 1958 more and more and Cecil Wray. The company began to make its own slides from life models cinemas became Asian cinemas, because in something like and it was a natural progression to develop an interest in film. One of the most important events was what is thought to be ‘56 or so television came to UK.
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