DOCSLIB.ORG

EMERITUS Vol 3 No 14 Nov 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EMERITUS Vol 3 No 14 Nov 2012 EMERITUS Vol 3 No 14 The Australian National University Emeritus Faculty e-magazine Nov 2012 Postal address: Meetings venue: Molony Room* PO Box 6050, 24 Balmain Crescent O’Connor,ACT2602 Acton phone: 02 6125 5309 / fax: 02 6125 5262 website: <http://www.anu.edu.au/emeritus/> Back numbers of Emeritus: <http://www.anu.edu.au/emeritus/news.html> * See <http://www.anu.edu.au/emeritus/anuef_location_map.html> for location map Australian universities in the Asian century Every Australian university will be encouraged to send students to universities in Asia to ensure the next generation of Australian leaders is Asia-literate, the Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills, Science and Research, Senator Chris Evans, said when commenting on the White Paper Australia in the Asian Century. He went on to say that Australian universities already have close working relationships with partner institutions in the region—under the Australia in the Asian Century White Paper these relationships will be strengthened by the establishment of exchange arrangements with major Asian universities. Students will be able to gain credits for the study they undertake in Asia. Universities will be supported to increase the number of students who undertake Asian studies and Asian languages as part of their university education, including through increased use of the National Broadband Network and digital technology. In the past decade, there have been 1.9 million enrolments of students from Asia in Australian education institutions. "We want to support more Australian students to undertake part of their study in the Asian region, not only to boost their direct understanding of Asia in the changing economy, but also to develop networks and friendships that will last a lifetime," Senator Evans said: "Our aim is that by 2025, a larger number of Australian university students will be studying overseas and a greater proportion will be undertaking part of their degree in an Asian country. That's why we will work with universities to substantially boost the number of Page 1 of 18 Australian students studying in Asia. “A national objective for Australian universities is to remain among the world's best for research and teaching, delivering excellent outcomes for a larger number of Australian students. This means by 2025, we want to see ten of Australia's universities in the world's top 100—up from six currently in the top 100. “Skills and education is a core pillar of the plan for boosting productivity growth and incomes contained in the government's Australia in the Asian Century White Paper. This will involve strengthening university and research ties in Asia, encouraging more Australian students to study abroad in the region and developing a training system that is among the world's best.” Senator Evans said young Australians will play a major role in improving community understanding of Asia, building the capabilities of our workforce and enhancing people- to-people links. Research and teaching links will also be encouraged between Australian institutions and those in the region with support through the Australian Research Council. Senator Evans said harmonising vocational training standards will help support a highly skilled Australian workforce able to continuously develop its capabilities in the changing economy. "We will work with business and Australian industry partners through regional forums and bilaterally, to build in-country partnerships and to develop complementary skills and qualification assessment and recognition," he said. "Expanding training services and strengthening networks between Industry Skills Councils, Australian industry and unions, and their Asian counterparts, will help also support Australian businesses and workers to have a greater presence in Asian markets. "Our efforts will ensure that Australia remains among the world's best for research, teaching and training, and that we deliver excellent outcomes for a growing number of Australian students through stronger links within our region." Asian studies in schools The Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth, Peter Garrett , said: “Success in the Asian century will require all Australian students to have a better understanding of the culture, history and languages of our Asian neighbours. Starting in school, students will need to develop the capabilities and skills to better understand and be active in the region. To achieve this, three national objectives have been announced by the Minister in response to the release of the Australia in the Asian Century White Paper: Every Australian student will have significant exposure to studies of Asia across the curriculum to increase their cultural knowledge. All students will have the opportunity to study an Asian language from their first day of school through to Year 12. Priority Asian languages include Chinese (Mandarin), Hindi, Indonesian and Japanese. Australia's school system will be in the top five schooling systems in the world, delivering excellent outcomes for all students of all backgrounds, and Page 2 of 18 systematically improving performance over time, as outlined in the National Plan for School Improvement. Asia-literacy will be a core requirement in new education reforms being negotiated between the Commonwealth, States and Territories and non-government education authorities under the National Plan for School Improvement." Mr Garrett went on, "As part of our ongoing discussions we will require opportunities for students to study Asian culture, history and languages, from their first day of school, through the Australian Curriculum. That will give the next generation of Australians the knowledge and capabilities to prosper in the Asian century." In line with these objectives, all schools will engage with at least one school in Asia to support the teaching of a priority Asian language, including through increased use of the National Broadband Network. “These national objectives support the government's ambition for Australia to be in the top five schooling systems in the world, delivering excellent outcomes for all students regardless of their background," he said. "The National Plan for School Improvement will make sure funding for schools is spent on the things we know will work to lift student results." The White Paper is available at: <http://asiancentury.dpmc.qov.au/> Fact sheets issued with the White Paper, which includes an Executive Summary, are: 1. The rise of Asia 2. Australia in Asia 3. A picture of Australian society 4. The outlook for Australia to 2025 5. Skills and education: setting the foundations 6. Innovation 7. Science and research 8. Infrastructure 9. The tax system 10. Regulatory reform 11. Environmental sustainability 12. Macroeconomic and financial frameworks 13. Building Asia-literacy through schools 14. World class higher education system 15. Through the vocational education and training system 16. International education 17. Asia-literate leaders, workplaces and institutions 18. Social foundations 19. Australian investment abroad 20. Foreign investment in Australia 21. lnward foreign investment screening 22. Meeting the growing demand for food 23. Regional Australia 24. People-to-people links 25. Public diplomacy 26. Cultural diplomacy and creative industries Page 3 of 18 Impact on grants Vice Chancellor Professor Ian Young AO, commenting on the mid-year economic forecast (MYEFO) released on October 22 by the Australian government, writes, “I would like to share some information and give you a rough idea of what it means for us. The statement has significant implications for the higher education sector, and for ANU. “As you know, there was considerable concern amongst researchers that grants were 'paused'; that 'pause' has now been lifted, and there has been ‘no change to the level of grants’ allocated to the Australian Research Council and to Cooperative Research Centres. Indexation has been preserved and there are no changes to the demand-driven system for student enrolments at this stage. There are changes for some student income support programs. However, the promised growth in 'Sustainable Research Excellence' (SRE) funding, which supports the indirect costs of research, will be significantly slowed. The expected uplift in SRE funds will not take place in 2013 as promised, and I estimate a $500 million cut to the program over the next four years. This will have an impact on all universities, but most acutely on strong research institutions. ANU, like many other universities, has already factored the SRE funding into our budget for next year. We expect the decision will cost the ANU budget an approximate $3.4 million in 2013 and at least $10 million in 2014. Also the loss of Facilitation Funding, associated with the government’s Compacts, will see $270 million cut from the sector, costing ANU around $4.7 million in 2014. There has been no announcement on replacement funds to support the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Scheme (NCRIS), which will also impact on research- intensive universities.” Extra day at Christmas In a note to colleagues, the Vice Chancellor, Professor Ian Young AO, advises of the university arrangements for this year’s Christmas-New Year period from Saturday, 22 December, 2012 until Tuesday, 1 January, 2013, with the university reopening on Wednesday 2 January 2013. He writes, “In recognition of the extraordinary contribution that staff make to ANU, and given that Christmas Day falls on a Tuesday, I have approved an additional holiday for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The John Curtin School of Medical Research Annual Review 2012
    THE JOHN CURTIN SCHOOL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH ANNUAL REVIEW 2012 ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment CONTENTS Annual Review 2012 From the Director 3 The John Curtin School of Medical Organisation Chart 4 Research Committees 5 COMMUNITY 7 Official Opening of Stage 3 8 Launch of The John Curtin Medical Research Foundation 9 Professor Gordon Ada 10 Open Day 11 Community Activities 12 RESEARCH IN REVIEW 2012 15 Eccles Institute of Neuroscience 16 Department of Genome Biology 29 Department of Immunology 36 Department of Pathogens and Immunity 45 Department of Molecular Bioscience 47 Department of Translational Medicine 56 Australian Phenomics Facility 60 Biomolecular Resource Facility/Genome Discovery Unit 61 STAFF AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENTS 63 VISITORS AND COLLABORATIONS 69 STAFF AND STUDENTS 85 Department of Genome Biology 86 Department of Immunology 87 Eccles Institute of Neuroscience 88 Department of Pathogens and Immunity 90 Department of Molecular Bioscience 90 Department of Translational Medicine 92 APF and Animal Services 92 School Services 94 School Administration 95 Students 96 PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH 99 SUPPORT 129 Grants 130 Financial Overview 134 Donors 135 Sponsors 136 Annual Review 2012 1 2 The John Curtin School of Medical Research FROM THE DIRECTOR Zinkernagel. He will be sadly missed by his many friends and colleagues at the School, who have established the annual Gordon Ada New Investigator Award in his memory. In 2012, we finally completed the long and very necessary redevelopment project that resulted in the new John Curtin School of Medical Research building on the ANU campus. All our staff and students are once again under one roof, carrying out their research in state of the art laboratories and facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bursa of Fabricius Award 12 ASI Councillors' News 13 Caption Competition 16 ASI Inc
    NEWSLETTER Australasian Society for Immunology Incorporated PP 341403100035 ISSN 1442-8725 March 2004 How to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Gordon Ada, John Curtin School of Medical Research When one thinks of winners of Nobel Prizes November to celebrate his contributions and at the Institute for 19 years when Frank came in these disciplines, there is a tendency to achievements. Peter and Rolf were present as to visit me in 1967. He told me he had visualize mature scientists who after many well as many of his past students (from 1972 relinquished the Headship of the Department years of laboratory work have accumulated to 2003) and others who worked in the of Microbiology to become the Director of lots of evidence to prove a particular concept Department, mainly in the 1970s. The the John Curtin School. He asked whether I or theory. This certainly happens, but there contributions, especially by past students, would let my name go forward as a candidate are many other situations. For example, one were remarkable for the variety of topics to succeed him as Head of the Microbiology recipient has provided the concept which a presented. Department? I decided yes, because under co-recipient has independently proven it to Frank Fenner, the Microbiology Department be correct. (e.g. Immunological tolerance, In the late 1960s I was happily working at the had reached international status and if I went Burnet and Medawar, 1960). In contrast, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI) with there, I could bring virology and immunology 1996 Prize resulted from a rather unusual Gus Nossal as a close colleague.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections ...Gordon
    Reflections . Gordon Ada Life as a Biochemist Coming to Grips with Viruses Foreword It must be hard for recent graduates in many biological disciplines to appreciate what the frontiers of our knowledge were 50 years ago. The author majored in Biochemistry at the University of Sydney during the war and in 1948, joined the staff of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI) officially to help establish new biophysical techniques (moving boundary electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation), but spent most of the time doing research on virus-related topics. Macfarlane Burnet, a famous virologist, had become the Director of the Institute in 1942. This account describes some of the relevant biochemical findings made during the period 1948-60. Discovering the Secrets of the Influenza Virus The 1918-19 influenza pandemic killed at least 20 million people, more than the combined casualties of the two World Wars. Burnet, part way through his medical course at Melbourne University when it reached Australia, fortunately suffered only a mild infection, but the global and local effects remained a strong memory. On becoming Director of WEHI, and concerned that a similar pandemic might soon occur, he decided to make a determined effort to understand how the influenza virus infected and replicated inside cells and caused disease. Virtually all non-clinical scientists in the Institute were to become involved in this task. When I arrived in 1948, there were two other biochemists - Henry Holden, who earlier had achieved fame in the UK in elucidating the structure of haemoglobin, and Alfred Gottschalk (see Box 1), a carbohydrate specialist, who had escaped from Nazi Germany and joined the Institute in 1942.
    [Show full text]
  • In Memoriam: Frank John Fenner (1914–2010) Frederick A
    IN MEMORIAM In Memoriam: Frank John Fenner (1914–2010) Frederick A. Murphy rank John Fenner (Figure), one of the world’s most Fdistinguished virologists and a dear friend of many colleagues around the world, died in Canberra, Australia, on November 22, 2010, at the age of 95. This In Memoriam must be different from those usually published here. After all, quite detailed pieces are anticipated from the Australian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, et al., and Frank had published a comprehensive autobiography (1). Thus, there is opportunity to present personal memories, hoping to provide more of a sense of the man, the colleague, and the friend of so many members of the global virology community. This tribute seems to fi t in with the closing paragraphs of Frank’s autobiography, in which he refl ects on friendship and special friends. Frank was born in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, but his family moved to Adelaide, South Australia, when he Figure. Frank Fenner at the John Curtin School of Medical was 2 years old. He received a bachelor of medicine and Research, Canberra, Australia, inoculating embryonating eggs with surgery degree (1938) and a doctor of medicine degree myxoma virus, 1950. Used with permission of the John Curtin School of Medical Research. (1942) at the University of Adelaide. During 1940–1946, he was an offi cer (Captain, Major) in the Australian Army Medical Corps and served in Australia, Palestine, Egypt, New Guinea, and Borneo. At various times, he worked as a worked on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Frank worked on medical offi cer in a fi eld ambulance and casualty clearing M.
    [Show full text]
  • Macfarlane Burnet Centenary Symposium on Immunology and Virology 3–5 August, 1999, Melbourne, Australia
    Laboratory Animal Science Vol 49, No 5 Copyright 1999 October 1999 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Meeting Report Macfarlane Burnet Centenary Symposium on Immunology and Virology 3–5 August, 1999, Melbourne, Australia Abigail L. Smith This meeting was one of several events in Australia to cel- edict from WEHI that urged its scientists to work on flu or ebrate the centenary of the birth of Sir Frank Macfarlane leave the institute, he began an illustrious career as an in- Burnet, fondly known as Sir Mac by his friends and col- fluenza specialist. He elucidated the nature of receptor-de- leagues. The meeting was held in Melbourne during the stroying enzyme, began to characterize the nature of week prior to the XIth International Congress of Virology in reasssortment, predicted that influenza would have a seg- Sydney. Another centenary symposium, “Q fever - An Aus- mented genome, and pioneered the use of embryonated eggs tralian discovery of worldwide importance,” will be held as substrates for vaccine production. Ada then spoke about later in the year in Brisbane, and the July 1999 issue of Mi- the major diseases in the contemporary world (HIV, malaria, crobiology Australia, the journal of the Australian Society chlamydia) and the approaches that are being used to de- for Microbiology, was published in Burnet’s honor. Sir Mac velop vaccines. In these latter initiatives, he stressed the util- won the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1960 for ity of animal models. his hypothesis of immunologic tolerance, a phenomenon that Michael Alpers (Director, Papua New Guinea [PNG] In- was experimentally validated by Peter Medawar, with whom stitute of Medical Research, Goroka) began his talk by say- he shared the Prize.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet
    THE NEWSLETTER OF THE BURNET INSTITUTE | SUMMER !"#"$## SPE C I A L !"TH ANNIV ERSA R Y TRIBUTE SIR FRANK MACFARLANE BURNET burnet.edu.au DIRECTOR’S REPORT INSIDE elcome to the summer issue of IMPACT. We celebrate the 50th anniversary of one of Australia’s greatest FEATURES Wvirologists and immunologists, Sir Frank Macfarlane % Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Burnet who received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1960. – an extraordinary life Burnet’s discovery of acquired immunological tolerance, of how the body recognises the di!erence between self and non-self & Burnet’s Nobel Prize: was enormously signi"cant. His work here and more generally tackling the big paved the way for numerous breakthroughs in our understanding issues of his time of infectious diseases and the immune system and has led to the #" !#st Century Immunology: prevention and treatment of diseases in many di!erent settings. Burnet’s medical research and practical action IN THIS ISSUE WE FOCUS ON A NUMBER OF ASPECTS OF BURNET AND LOOK AT HIS LIFE; HIS BROADER CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COMMUNITY; HIS NOBEL PRIZE!WINNING DISCOVERY; AND THE IMPLICATIONS HIS RESEARCH HAS REGULARS HAD ON SCIENCE AND MORE SPECIFICALLY IN THE AREA OF MEDICINE. ' News in Brief Burnet spent most of his working career as Director of the Walter and #! Virology Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (1944 to 1965) and during his directorship led a change in direction to immunology, which at the time #' Immunology resulted in some controversy. This ultimately proved to be a major win #% Population Health for Burnet, with a huge contribution to the body of scienti"c knowledge, #( International Health part of which was the development of the phenomenon of immunological tolerance.
    [Show full text]
  • N E W S L E T T
    NEWSLETTER Australasian Society for Immunology Incorporated PP 341403100035 ISSN 1442-8725 December 2007 The Power of One Idea: The Golden Anniversary of Burnet’s Clonal Selection Theory Phil Hodgkin October 21, 1957 saw the publication of however, as he turned the WEHI’s scientifi c Ada, Graham Mitchell, Don Metcalf, a short two-page essay in the Australian focus virtually overnight from virology to Jon Sprent and Ian Mackay laid down Journal of Science. Modestly titled “A immunology. The clonal selection theory foundations that provided a rich harvest for modifi cation of Jerne’s theory of antibody proved an immensely fertile stimulus for the coming generations of scientists. Thus, production using the concept of clonal experiment. A young Gus Nossal, together while immunology owes this theory by selection”, this paper triggered a series of with sabbatical visitor Joshua Lederberg, Macfarlane Burnet a great debt, Australian events that had a profound impact on all conducted the fi rst painstaking experiments immunologists can also trace the richness of us. to verify the prediction of the theory that of their community back, to a large extent, one cell would make one antibody. Soon to the inspiration and head start provided by The paper, written by Macfarlane Burnet, the WEHI became a centre for the new this little paper. then Director of the Walter and Eliza Hall immunology in world science, a position Institute (WEHI) in Melbourne, was the fi rst consolidated further by Gus Nossal ascending To celebrate and explore the impact of enunciation of the principles of the clonal to the Directorship of WEHI in 1965 and the clonal selection theory on Science and selection theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materialsupplementary Material
    10.1071/HR15007_AC © CSIRO 2015 Supplementary Material: Historical Records of Australian Science, 2015, 26(2), 164–178. Supplementary Material Gordon Leslie Ada 1922–2012 Gustav J. V. NossalA,C and Christopher R. ParishB ADepartment of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia. BJohn Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Bibliography 1948 1. Ada, G. L. & Fulton, J. D. Electrophoretic studies on the serum of golden hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani. Brit. J. Exp. Path 29, 524–529 (1948). 1949 2. Ada, G. L. Phospholipin metabolism in rabbit-liver cytoplasm. Biochem J 45, 422–428 (1949). 1950 3. Ada, G. L. & French, E. L. Purification of the receptor destroying enzyme of V. cholerae. Aust J Sci 13, 82–88 (1950). 4. Ada, G. L. & Stone, J. D. Electrophoretic studies of virus-red cell interaction: mobility gradient of cells treated with viruses of the influenza group and the receptor-destroying enzyme of V. cholerae. Br J Exp Pathol 31, 263–274 (1950). 5. Ada, G. L. & Stone, J. D. Effect of haemagglutinating viruses on the electrophoretic mobility of human erythrocytes. Nature 165, 189–190 (1950). 6. French, E. L. & Ada, G. L. Repair in vivo of the surface structure of the guinea pig erythrocyte. Nature 165, 849–850 (1950). 7. Stone, J. D. & Ada, G. L. Electrophoretic studies of virus-red cell interaction: additive effect of viruses of the influenza group and the receptor-destroying enzyme of V. cholerae. Br J Exp Pathol 31, 275–284 (1950). 1952 8.
    [Show full text]
  • PETER C. DOHERTY St.Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, USA
    13 CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN VIRUS INFECTIONS Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1996 by PETER c. DOHERTY St.Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, USA INTRODUCTION Many key concepts concerning the nature of immunity have originated from the very practical need to control virus infections. This year, 1996, has been designated the "Year of the Vaccine" commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus, and sub­ sequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century. Our concepts of immunity developed concurrently, beginning with Pasteur's treatment of Joseph Meissner with "aged" rabies virus. Antibody-me­ diated protection conferred by attenuated, live yellow fever virus won the Nobel Prize for Max Theiler in 1951. Perhaps the most exciting area of im­ munology when I graduated from the University of Queensland Veterinary School in 1962 was the nature of virus neutralization (1), a topic that is still being resolved with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology originated by Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein (Nobel Prize 1985). Crystallographic analysis of influenza virus neuraminidase-mAb complexes, and variants of neuraminidase selected by mAbs, led to the clear demonstration that lg mol­ ecules normally bind to tertiary structure on proteins (2). The present award is for our discovery (3-6) from experiments with lym­ phocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) that the nature of T cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is essentially different, focusing on the recognition of cell­ surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins that have been modified as a consequence of infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Initiative 2018
    ASI NEWS DECEMBER 2018 Women’s INITIATIVE 2018 WRAP UP P12 10 19 CONTACT US AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY FOR ASI2018 ANNUAL 2017 JARED PURTON IMMUNOLOGY INC. SCIENTIFIC MEETING AWARD RECIPIENT ASI INC. SERETARIAT appROXIMATELY 420 Dr Arabella Young, NHMRC PO BOX 1371, DELEGATES ATTENDED THE CJ Martin Overseas Fellow MITCHAM NORTH 3132 ASI2018 ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PH: 03 8393 9388 MEETING IN PERTH immunology.org.au/contact-us 2018 CTI CiteScore 3.55 Cutting-edge advances in biomedical research Editor-in-Chief: Rajiv Khanna Clinical & Translational Immunology is an open access, online-only journal, seeking to cover basic, translational and clinical studies in all aspects of human immunology, including experim ASI members enjoy a discount for publishing in Clinical & Translational Immunology Submit your next manuscript to Clinical & Translational Immunology and enjoy these bene�ts of publishing with Wiley Find out more at www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cti Catch up on recent Special Features from Clinical & Translational Immunology, including: CTI Special Feature on Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress in Immunopathology Special Feature Coordinator: Sumaira Z Hasnain Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and related molecular programs, which occur ASI NEWSLETTER DECEMBER 2018 CONTENTS PRESIdent’S REPORT ......................................... 4 WA Branch Report ...............................................25 Susanne Heinzel Connie Jackaman, WA branch Councillor SECRETARy’S REPORT ........................................ 7 NSW Branch Report
    [Show full text]
  • N E W S L E T T
    NEWSLETTER Australasian Society for Immunology Incorporated PP 341403100035 ISSN 1442-8725 March 2011 Remembering Frank Fenner Phil Hodgkin Before the start of the scientifi c program But Fenner is perhaps most famous for at the 2010 ASI meeting I was asked to chairing the WHO global commission deliver a short tribute to our long time for the certification of smallpox colleague and great friend Frank Fenner eradication. In this capacity Frank had who passed away the week before the the honour of announcing to the world meeting at the age of 95. In paying such that smallpox had been eradicated in a tribute it was diffi cult to know where 1980. Surely one of the greatest ever to start – his lifetime of contribution to public health achievements. Afterwards science was simply extraordinary. Fenner teamed up with Donald Henderson to write a comprehensive Frank Fenner published his first history of the disease – from its murky scientifi c paper in 1934 at age 20, beginnings in history to its end brought an anthropological study of South about by vaccination. Australian aboriginal communities, and continued to publish well into his In addition to his stellar scientifi c 80s – an incredible 70 year publication work, Fenner was a tireless leader and span. scientifi c administrator. In the late cont. p4 Fenner worked as an army doctor during Professor Frank Fenner AC CMG MBE 2007 the Second World War, serving fi rst in by Jude Rae. oil on canvas. Collection: National Portrait Palestine and later in New Guinea. In Gallery, Canberra. Commissioned with funds provided by Contents New Guinea he developed strategies for Mr Anthony Adair and Ms Karen MacLeod protecting Australian troops from malaria Remembering Frank Fenner 1 of the Nobel prize to Burnet and Medawar and achieved such great success that his work Editorial 3 in 1960.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacillus Cereus Non-Haemolytic Enterotoxin Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14534-3 OPEN Bacillus cereus non-haemolytic enterotoxin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome Daniel Fox 1,10, Anukriti Mathur 1,10, Yansong Xue1, Yunqi Liu1, Wei Hong Tan1, Shouya Feng1, Abhimanu Pandey1, Chinh Ngo1, Jenni A. Hayward1, Ines I. Atmosukarto2, Jason D. Price2, Matthew D. Johnson3, Nadja Jessberger4, Avril A.B. Robertson 5, Gaetan Burgio 1, David C. Tscharke 1, Edward M. Fox6, Denisse L. Leyton3,7, Nadeem O. Kaakoush8, Erwin Märtlbauer 4, Stephen H. Leppla9 & Si Ming Man 1* 1234567890():,; Inflammasomes are important for host defence against pathogens and homeostasis with commensal microbes. Here, we show non-haemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) from the neglected human foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus is an activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. NHE is a non-redundant toxin to haemolysin BL (HBL) despite having a similar mechanism of action. Via a putative transmembrane region, subunit C of NHE initiates binding to the plasma membrane, leading to the recruitment of subunit B and subunit A, thus forming a tripartite lytic pore that is permissive to efflux of potassium. NHE mediates killing of cells from multiple lineages and hosts, highlighting a versatile functional repertoire in dif- ferent host species. These data indicate that NHE and HBL operate synergistically to induce inflammation and show that multiple virulence factors from the same pathogen with con- served function and mechanism of action can be exploited for sensing by a single inflammasome. 1 Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. 2 Lipotek Pty Ltd.
    [Show full text]