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Zoo Indonesia Volume 16 (1) 1-50 2007 ISSN 0215-191X

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Zoo Indonesia Volume 16 (1) 1-50 2007 ISSN 0215-191X Volume 16, Nomor 1, Juni 2007 ISSN 0215-191X ZZOOOO IINNDDOONNEESSIIAA Jurnal Fauna Tropika THE HERPETOFAUNA OF THE GOLD MINING PROJECT AREA IN NORTH SUMATRA: SPECIES RICHNESS BEFORE EXPLOITATION ACTIVITIES. Hellen Kurniati.....................................1 ENDOPARASIT PADA FESES BABI KUTIL (Sus verrucosus) DI KEBUN BINATANG SURABAYA. Kartika Dewi & R.T.P Nugraha ............................................................................................13 ARTHROPODA GUA DI NUSAKAMBANGAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH Cahyo Rahmadi ................................................................21 CATATAN KOLEKSI LARVA NYAMUK (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) PADA RUAS BAMBU DI TAMAN NASIONAL GN. GEDE- PANGRANGO DAN TAMAN NASIONAL. GN. HALIMUN. Awit Suwito ...............................................................................................31 SUGAR ANALYSIS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF Tabanus rubidus (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE). Sri Hartini, Janita Aziz & Chairul ..............................................................................................49 Zoo Indonesia Volume 16 (1) 1-50 2007 ISSN 0215-191X Ketua Redaksi Dr. Dede Irving Hartoto (Limnologi) Anggota Redaksi Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha (Oseanologi) Dr. Rosichon Ubaidillah (Entomologi) Dr. Dewi Malia Prawiradilaga (Ornitologi) Ir. Ike Rachmatika MSc. (Ikhtiologi) Sekretaris Redaksi & Produksi Rochmanah S.Kom Yulia Aris Kartika S.Kom Mitra Bestari drh. L.E Setyorini Ir. Endang Purwaningsih Garth Taylor BSc Dr. Sri Hartini Dr. Hari Sutrisno Dr. Sampurno Kadarsan Alamat Redaksi Zoo Indonesia Bidang Zoologi, Puslit Biologi LIPI Gd. Widyasatwaloka Jl. Raya Bogor-Jakarta KM. 46 Cibinong 16911 Telp. (021) 8765056 Fax. (021) 8765068 [email protected] Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia (MZI) adalah suatu organisasi profesi dengan anggota terdiri dari peneliti, pengajar, pemerhati dan simpatisan kehidupan fauna tropika, khususnya fauna Indonesia. Kegiatan utama MZI adalah pemasyarakatan tentang ilmu kehidupan fauna tropika Indonesia, dalam segala aspeknya, baik dalam bentuk publikasi ilmiah, publikasi popular, pendidikan, penelitian, pameran ataupun pemantauan. Zoo Indonesia adalah sebuah jurnal ilmiah di bidang fauna tropika yang diterbitkan oleh organisasi profesi keilmiahan Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia (MZI) sejak tahun 1983. Terbit satu tahun satu volume dengan dua nomor (Nopember & Juni). Memuat tulisan hasil penelitian dan tinjauan ilmiah yang berhubungan dengan aspek fauna, khususnya wilayah Indonesia dan Asia. Publikasi ilmiah lain adalah Monograph Zoo Indonesia - Seri Publikasi Ilmiah, terbit tidak menentu. KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS NYAMUK (Diptera: Culicidae) YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI TUNGGUL BAMBU DI TAMAN NASIONAL GN. GEDE-PANGRANGO DAN TAMAN NASIONAL GN. HALIMUN: ZOO INDONESIA VOL. 16 (1): 31 - 47 KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS NYAMUK (Diptera: Culicidae) YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI TUNGGUL BAMBU DI TAMAN NASIONAL GN. GEDE- PANGRANGO DAN TAMAN NASIONAL GN. HALIMUN Awit Suwito Bidang Zoologi Pusat Penelitian Biologi – LIPI, Cibinong e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK Suwito, A. 2007. Keanekaragaman jenis nyamuk (Diptera: Culicidae) yang dikoleksi dari tunggul bambu Taman Nasional Gn. Gede-Pangrango dan Taman Nasional Gn. Halimun. Zoo Indonesia. Vol. 16 (1): 31-47. Untuk pertama kali di Indonesia tercatat sembilan jenis nyamuk yang diperoleh dari tunggul bambu, yaitu Aedes (Stegomyia) albolineatus. Orthopodomyia albipes, Heizmannia (Heizmannia) communis, Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) bimaculata, Tripteroides (Rachionotomya) aranoides, Toxorhynchites kempi, Aedes (Finlaya) sp., Tripteroides (Tripteroides) sp. and Armigeres (Leicester) sp. Kunci untuk jenis ditampilkan. Uraian singkat untuk masing-masing jenis, bionomik, epidiomologi dan penyebaran jenis yang diketahui didiskusikan. Kata kunci: nyamuk, larva, tunggul bamboo, Indonesia. ABSTRACT Suwito, A. 2007. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) diversity collected from bamboo stumps at Gn. Gede-Pangrango National Park and Gn. Halimun National Park. Zoo Indonesia. Vol. 16 (1): 31-47. Nine species of the mosquitoes were recorded for the first time from bamboo stumpt in Indonesia, ie. Aedes (Stegomyia) albolineatus. Orthopodomyia albipes, Heizmannia (Heizmannia) communis, Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) bimaculata, Tripteroides (Rachionotomya) aranoides, Toxorhynchites kempi, Aedes (Finlaya) sp., Tripteroides (Tripteroides) sp. and Armigeres (Leicester) sp. Key species was presented. Brief description of each species, bionomic, epidemiology and distribution of the known species were discussed. Keywords: mosquitoes, larva, bamboo stumpt, Indonesia. PENDAHULUAN tipe habitat. Edwards (dalam Brug 1934) menganjurkan untuk memeriksa Habitat perindukan nyamuk betina genangan air pada tempat-tempat sangat bervariasi, mulai dari tempat yang spesifik, seperti ketiak daun, yang semi-akuatik sampai ke sistem ruas bambu, atau tumbuhan kantung perairan yang luas. Mattingly (1971) semar, karena dari tempat-tempat ini membagi sistem perairan ini menjadi biasanya diperoleh jenis nyamuk yang dua kelompok besar, yaitu perairan jarang dijumpai atau belum yang mengalir dan tergenang. teridentifikasi. Kadang-kadang, Berdasarkan tempat penampungan bentuk larva mudah dijumpai, tetapi airnya, habitat air tergenang sulit untuk mendapatkan bentuk dikelompokkan lagi menjadi beberapa dewasanya. Hal ini berkaitan erat 31 KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS NYAMUK (Diptera: Culicidae) YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI TUNGGUL BAMBU DI TAMAN NASIONAL GN. GEDE-PANGRANGO DAN TAMAN NASIONAL GN. HALIMUN: ZOO INDONESIA VOL. 16 (1): 31 - 47 dengan habituasi nyamuk yang Pupa dipisahkan ke dalam cangkir bersifat anthrofilik atau tidak. plastik berisi air jernih dan ditutup dengan kain kasa, sedangkan bentuk Nyamuk anthrofilik atau zoofilik larva dipelihara dalam cawan plastik dewasa dapat dikoleksi pada saat berikut airnya bambu sebagai sumber mereka menghisap darah, tetapi pakan. .sahkan dan dipelihara sampai nyamuk penghisap cairan tumbuhan bentuk dewasa dalam suhu kamar. hanya dapat diperoleh dengan cara Pada sebagian larva dan pupa memelihara stadium larvanya atau dibuatkan slidenya untuk identifikasi. secara kebetulan tertangkap dalam jaring serangga. Mengingat hal Beberapa singkatan yang digunakan tersebut, dalam studi ini dipilih habitat untuk organ tubuh nyamuk, R2+3 yang paling ideal sebagai tempat (radius) venasi jari sayap, mCu-mCuA perindukan nyamuk, yaitu hutan (midle Cubitus Anal), MP (mental bambu. Pada hutan bambu, plate) keping mentum pada larva, CS permukaan tanahnya relatif terlindung (comb scale) sisik sisir pada larva. dari sengatan cahaya matahari secara Diskripsi morfologi jenis menggunakan langsung, sehingga mempunyai terminologi morfologi dari Belkin kelembaban yang tinggi, bersuhu (1962). sejuk, relatif gelap dan banyak tersedia tempat penampungan air. Kondisi seperti ini sangat cocok untuk HASIL & PEMBAHASAN habitat berbagai jenis nyamuk. Bentuk nyamuk dewasa hasil Pada tulisan ini dilaporkan tentang peliharaan memiliki kondisi yang lebih jenis-jenis nyamuk yang terdapat pada baik daripada hasil tangkapan di alam, ruas dan tunggul bambu sebagai karena sisik dan bulu kasarnya masih tempat perindukannya di hutan bambu utuh. Kedua karakter penting ini Bodogol Taman Nasional Gunung sangat dibutuhkan dalam proses Pangrango (TNGP) dan Cikaniki identifikasi. Dari identifikasi nyamuk Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun hasil rearing dan sweeping serta slide (TNGH). Kedua lokasi ini mempunyai larva dari hutan bambu Bodogol dan ketinggian yang relatif sama (850 - Cikaniki diperoleh 12 jenis dari tujuh 900 m dpl), topografinya berupa marga (Tabel 1). perbukitan yang ditutupi hutan primer dan sekunder. Pada beberapa tempat 1. Aedes (Stegomyia) albolineatus di antaranya, biasanya di pinggiran (Theobald), 1904 (Gambar sungai, terdapat rumpun-rumpun 1,2a) bambu. Tujuan dari studi ini untuk Scutomyia albolineatus Theobald, mengungkap diversitas nyamuk dan 1904, Entomologist 37: 77. distribusi mereka, khususnya di Pulau Aedes albolineatus, 72 : 282.-87 : Jawa. 20.—97 : 180. Deskripsi: Sisir pada larva terdiri atas MATERI & METODE sebaris gigi, panjang seta 5-P hampir sama dengan 7-P. Ketotaksi Nyamuk dewasa dikoleksi dengan umumnya bercabang banyak dan menggunakan jaring serangga (sweep integumen thoraks dan abdomen net), sedangkan stadium larvanya ditutupi dentikula yang jelas (Gambar dikoleksi satu per satu dari tempat 1). Bentuk dewasa mudah dikenali perindukannya yang berupa ruas atau dengan adanya garis putih tebal di tunggul bambu. Jika dalam ruas tengah skutum, palpi tanpa sisik putih, bambu terdapat air di dalamnya, maka daerah subspirakular dan airnya dihisap dengan selang plastik postspirakular tanpa sisik.Pangkal dan ditampung dalam cawan plastik. tarsus kaki belakang bergelang putih. 32 KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS NYAMUK (Diptera: Culicidae) YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI TUNGGUL BAMBU DI TAMAN NASIONAL GN. GEDE-PANGRANGO DAN TAMAN NASIONAL GN. HALIMUN: ZOO INDONESIA VOL. 16 (1): 31 - 47 Tabel 1. Komposisi jenis nyamuk yang dijumpai di kedua lokasi. No Jenis Bodogol Cikaniki (GPNP) (GHNP) 1 Aedes (Stegomyia) albolineatus 2♀* 2♂ 1♀ (11 larva) 2 Aedes (Finlaya) albolateralis - 2♂ 1♀* 3 Aedes (Finlaya) formosensis 1♀* - 4 Aedes (Finlaya) albotaeniatus 5♀ - 5 Aedes (Finlaya) sp. 1 larva - 6 Armigeres (Leicesteria) sp. 5♂ 5♀ - (5 larva) 7 Heizmannia (Heizmannia) communis 4♂ - (12 larva) 8 Orthopodomyia albipes 2♂ - (17 larva) 9 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) 1♂ 1♀ - bimaculata (9 larva) 10 Toxorhynchites kempi 2♂(1 larva) - 11 Tripteroides(Rachionotomyia) aranoides - 10♂8♀ (16 larva) 12 Tripteroides (Tripteroides) sp. - 2♂1♀ (2 larva) *) nyamuk
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