DOCSLIB.ORG

Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Lombok Island, Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Lombok Island, Indonesia Mosquito Systematics,26( 1):19-24, 1994 Copyright 0 1994 by the AmericanMosquito Control Association, Inc. MOSQUITO SPECIES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) FROM LOMBOK ISLAND, INDONESIA ICHIRO MIYAGI ly2, TAKAKO TOMA,’ MOTOYOSHI MOGI~, MARTONO~, SUBAGYO YOTOPRANOTO~, ZAINAL ARIFIN~ AND YOES P. DACHLAN~ ABSTRACT. Mosquito larvae were collected in different areas on Lombok Island during December 199 1 to clarify the mosquito fauna. Approximately 300 larvae and adults belonging to 4 1 species in 11 genera were mounted and identified during this study. They include 24 new records for the island. INTRODUCTION vaya and JSPS (Japan Society for the Pro- motion of Science). In this connection, the There are few publications dealing with the authors visited Lombok Island December 2 l- mosquito fauna of Lombok Island, Indone- 28, 199 1, to make intensive larval collections sia. The most recent intensive study (Lee et throughout the island (Fig. 1). al. 1984) recorded 30 species collected in May 1978 and March 1979, with an additional 3 1 species considered as of probable occurrence MATERIALS AND METHODS based on their geographical distribution in Larvae were taken by dipper. A small suc- neighboring islands. tion pump was used for collection of tree hole Increased interest in the mosquito fauna of and crab hole mosquitoes. Larval habitats Lombok has resulted from the appearance of and their salinity (determined by hand re- malaria and the development of tourism on fractometer, Atago Co., Ltd.) were recorded. the island, which lies 38 km east of Bali, an Most of the larvae were reared to the adult area that is free of malaria and famous for stage and in some instances were reared in- sightseeing. Malaria eradication is one of the dividually to collect the associated fourth- most important programs for the Lombok instar larval and pupal exuviae for identifi- government. Epidemics of malaria have oc- cation. All emerging adults were mounted for curred sporadically, and since 1990 studies study, and some larvae were preserved in on malaria under the “Large-scale Cooper- McGregors’ solution. Identifications of the ative Research Project on Tropical Diseases” common species ofAnopheles,Culex, Urano- have been conducted on the island by the taenia, and Aedes were made using the keys Regional Office of Ministry of Health, West and descriptions by Knight and Laffoon Nusa-Tenggara Province in Mataram, School (1946), Knight and Marks (1952), Bonne- of Medicine of Airlangga University in Sura- Wepster (1954), Bram (1967), Knight (1968), Reinert (1970), Huang (1972, 1977, 1979), I Laboratoryof Medical Zoology, and 2 Research Center Sirivanakarn (1972, 1976, 1977), and Peyton of Comprehensive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Uni- (1977). Voucher specimens will be deposited versity of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-O 1, Ja- pan. in the Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Uni- 3 Division of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, versity of the Ryukyus. Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, 849 Japan. 4 Department of Parasitology, Airlangga University School of Medicine, Jalan Dharmahusada 47, Surabaya, RESULTS Indonesia. 5 Regional Office of Ministry of Health, West Nusa- We collected 41 species, including three Tenggara Province, Matarum. unidentified ones, in 11 genera (Table 1). 19 20 MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS VOL. 26, No. 1 Fig. 1. Lombok Island, Indonesia, showing mosquito collection areas. Twenty-four species are new to the Lombok COMMENTS ON SPECIES fauna: Anopheles(Cellia) minimus Theobald, Anopheles(Ano.) barbirostrisvan der Wulp. An. (eel.) sp., Topomyia (Topomyia) tipuli- Larvae were found commonly in fresh-water formis Leicester, To. (Top.) sp., Tripteroides ponds, streams, and paddy fields in associa- (Tripteroides) aranoides (Theobald), Toxo- rhynchites(Toxorhynchites) splendens(Wie- tion with An. vagus Doenitz, An. subpictus demann), Orthopodomyia anopheloides Grassi, Cx. vishnui Theobald, and Cx. tri- (Giles), Uranotaenia (Pseudojcalbia) obscura taeniorhynchusGiles. Salinity of a stream in Edwards, Aedeomyia catasticta Knab, Ar- which larvae were collected was 0- la/oo. migeres (Armigeres) malayi (Theobald), Ar. Anopheles(Ano.) sp. One adult female be- (Leicesteria) jlavus (Leicester), Aedes (Can- longing to the An. leucosphyrusgroup was craedes) indonesiae Mattingly, Ae. (Stego- reared from a larva collected from a rock pool myia) albolineatus(Theobald), Ae. (Finlaya) along a stream in the mountain forest, ele- notoscriptus(Skuse), Ae. (Fin.) saxicola Ed- vation ca. 600 m, Senaru District. The An. wards, Ae. (Diceromyia) iyengari Edwards, leucosphyrusgroup consists of at least six or Culex (Culiciomyia) nigropunctatus Ed- seven distinct species or subspecies, of which wards, Cx. (Cui.) sp., Cx. (Eumelanomyia) An. balabacensisBaisas is considered the most brevipalpis(Giles), Cx. (Eum.) foliatus Brug, important species for malaria transmission Cx. (Lophoceromyia) bandoengensisBrug, in Kalimantan (Soemarlan and Gandahusada Cx. (Lop.) bengalensisBarraud, Cx. (Lop.) 1990). We provisionally regard the species spiculosusBram and Rattanarithikul, and Cx. we collected as belonging to the An. leucos- (Lutzia) fuscanus Wiedemann. phyrusgroup. The larva was found associated MARCH 1994 21 Table 1. Mosquitoes collected on Lombok Island, Indonesia, 2 l-28 December, 199 1. Species Specimens examined and locality Anopheles barbirostrisVan der Wulp lQ, 2 1L, Batubolong, Obel Obel An. leucosphyrussp. gr.*l 19, Senaru An. minimus Theobald* lOQ, 108, lOL, Obel Obel An. subpictusGrassi 7?, 3OL, Krandangan, Telok Kombal, Kuta, Lom- bok, Aik Mel, Sekatong tengah An. sundaicus(Rodenwaldt) 59, 2L, Telok Kombal, Aik Mel, Kuta An. vagusDoenitz 13Q, 4L, Batubolong, Krandangan, Aik Mel, Kuta, Obel Obel Malaya genurostrisLeicester 33Q, 386, 9L, Aik Mel, Senaru, Obel Obel Topomyia tipuhformis Leiceste? 20, 26, 1P, lL, Senaru To. (Top.) sp.* 16, lP, Senaru Tripteroidesaranoides (Theobald)* 39, 46, Senaru Toxorhynchitessplendens (Wiedemann)* 3Q, I$, Senaru Orthopodomyia anopheloides(Giles)* 14L, Senaru Uranotaenia obscuraEdwards* 4L, Baun Pusuk Ur. bicolor Leicester 4L, Senaru Aedeomyia catasticta Knab* IL, Aik Mel Armigeres malayi (Theobald)* lOQ, 266, Aik Mel Ar. subalbatus(Coquillett) 16, Senaru Ar. flaws (Leicester)* lQ, 7L, Senaru Aedes albolineatus (Theobald)* lQ, 26, Baun Pusuk Ae. albopictus(Skuse) 5Q, 26, Senaru, Sendang Gile Ae. annandalei (Theobald) 10, 24 1L, Senaru Ae. indonesiaeMattingly* 59, 184 lOL, Krandangan, Lombok, Sekatong, Batu- kijuk, Sambelia, Tanjung Aan Ae. iyengari Edwards* 16, Aik Mel Ae. notoscriptus(Skuse)* 20, Senaru Ae. poicilius (Theobald) 1Q, I$, 2L, Senaru, Baun Pusuk Ae. saxicola Edwards* 16, 8L, Baun Pusuk, Sendang Gile Ae. vigilax (Skuse) lQ, 36, 18L, Batukijuk Culex bandoengensisBrug* 8L, Senaru Cx. bengalensisBarraud* 2L, Senaru Cx. bitaeniorhynchusGiles 3L, Obel Obel Cx. brevipalpis(Giles)* 4L, Senaru Cx. fuscanus Wiedemann* 30, Lombok, Kuta, Tanjung Aan Cx. pseudovishnuiColless 13L, Obel Obel Cx. quinquefasciatusSay SL, Mataram Cx. sitiens Wiedemann 35L, Krandangan, Telok Kombal, Lombok, Kuta Cx. tritaeniorhynchusGiles 5L, Batubolong, Krandangan, Lombok, Obel Obel Cx. vishnui Theobald 12L, Batubolong, Aik Mel, Obel Obel Cx. nigropunctatusEdwards* lL, Obel Obel Cx. foliatus Brug* 8L, Senaru Cx. spiculosusBram and Rattanarithikul* 3L, Senaru Cx. (Culiciomyia) sp.* 18L, Sendang Gile, Senaru, Baun Pusuk 1 * = new record for Lombok Island, Indonesia. with Cx. foliatus, Cx. bengalensis,Ai. saxi- bok, sometimes in association with An. bar- cola, and Ur. bicolor Leicester. No member birostris.This species has been recorded from of this group previously has been reported Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Pulau from the island. Laut (Soemarlan and Gandahusada 1990) in Anopheles (Cel.) minimus. Many larvae Indonesia. It is well known as the principal were taken from slowly moving fresh-water vector of malaria in the Philippines as well streams and springs with grassy margins in as Taiwan and Ryukyu islands. It should the forest near Obel Obel village, East Lom- therefore be suspected as an important vector 22 MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS VOL. 26, No. 1 in the Obel Obel area, which is rich in streams Yunnan, China. There are, however, obvious and has a history of malaria. differences in the shape of the gonostylus, the Anopheles(CeZ.) subpictus. This is one of basal lobe of the claspette, and the ninth ter- the common species of Anopheles,inhabiting gum. a wide range of ground pool habitats with O- Tripteroides(Trp.) aranoides.Larvae were 29o/oosalinity in coastal areas. Many larvae commonly found in bamboo stumps in Sen- were taken in brackish ground pools, lagoons, aru. This species has been recorded from Bali. fresh-water streams, and irrigation ditches in Toxorhynchites(Tox.) splendens.One male coastal areas in association with An. vagus, and three females were examined. This spe- An. sundaicus(Rodenwaldt), Cx. sitiensWie- cies was collected in tree holes and bamboo demann, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus,Ad. catastic- stumps together with Cx. brevipalpis, Cx. ta, and Ae. vigilax (Skuse). Anopheles sub- bandoengensis,Ae. albopictus (Skuse), Ae. pictus is considered an important malaria annandalei (Theobald), and Orthopodomyia vector in the coastal areas of the island. anopheloides. Anopheles(eel.) sundaicus.This species is Orthopodomyia anopheloides.The imma- predominant in areas close to the coast. About tures of this species were common in tree 20 larvae were taken in brackish ground wa- holes at Senaru at an elevation of cu. 800 m. ter, concrete pools,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cezzial ...Of Anophezes
    Mosquito Systematics Vol. 18(l) 1986 THE MOSQUITO FAUNA OF THE RYUKYU ARCHIPELAGO WITH IDENTIFICATION KEYS, PUPAL DESCRIPTIONS AND NOTES ON BIOLOGY, MEDICAL IMPORTANCE AND DISTRIBUTION* TAKAKO TOMA AND ICHIRO MIYAGI** CONTENTS Abstract. ...................................................... Introduction. ................................................... Place and method. .............................................. Morphology and terminology. .................................... Keys to genera of Culicidae in the Ryukyu Archipelago. ......... Keys to subgenera of AnopheZes. ............................. ..l 1 Keys to species of AnopheZes (CeZZiaL ........................ 11 Keys to species of AnopheZes (AnopheZesl. ................... ..ll Keys to species of Toxorhynchites. .......................... ..lZ Keys to subgenera of Uranotaenia. ........................... ..13 Keys to species of Uranotaenia Wranotaenial. ............... ..13 Keys to species of Uranotaenia (PseudoficaZbial. ............ ..13 Keys to species of CoquCZZettidia. .......................... ..I 4 Keys to species of Mmomyia (BtorZeptiomyiaL ............... ..15 Keys to subgenera of Aedes. ................................. ..15 Keys to species of Aedes (FinZayaL ......................... ..I 7 Keys to species of Aedes (VerraZZinaL ...................... ..18 Keys to species of Aedes (StegomyiaL ....................... ..18 2 Keys to subgenera of CuZex. .................................. .1g Key to species of CuZex hhtziaL ............................. 21 Keys to
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Pondicherrx India with Notes On
    Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, ZO(3):22g_232,2004 Copyright @ 20M by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. A CHECKLIST OF MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) OF PONDICHERRX INDIA WITH NOTES ON NEW AREA RECORDS A. R. RAJAVEL, R. NATARAJAN AND K. VAIDYANATHAN Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), pondicherry 6O5 0O6, India ABSTRACT A checklist of mosquito species for Pondicherry, India, is presented based on collections made from November 1995 to September 1997. Mosquitoes of 64 species were found belonging to 23 subgenera and 14 genera, Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Coquitlettidia, Culex, Ficalbia,- Malaya, Maisonia, Mi- momyia, Ochlerotatus, Toxorhynchites, {lranotaenia, and Verrallina. We report 25 new speciLs for pondicherry. KEY WORDS Mosquitoes, check list, new area records, pondicherry, India INTRODUCTION season. The period from December to February is Documentation of species is a critically impor- relatively cool. tant component of biodiversity studies and has great significance in conservation of genetic re- MATERIALS AND METHODS sources as well as control of pests and vectors. In India, mosquito fauna of several states has been Mosquito surveys were made from November documented, but comprehensive information on 1995 to September 1997 . Each of the 6 communes, species diversity is not available for Pondicherry. Ariankuppam, Bahour, Mannadipet, Nettapakkam, A recent update on the distribution of Aedini mos- Ozhukarai, and Villianur, were considered as dis- quitoes in India by Kaur (2003) included all the tinct units to ensure complete coverage of the re- states except Pondicheny. The 14 species of mos- gion, and collections were made in a total of 97 quitoes collected by Nair (1960) during the filarial villages among these and in the old town of Pon- survey in Pondicherry settlement is the earliest dicherry.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Didier Fontenille, Nil Rahola, Sony Yean, Sébastien Boyer
    Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Didier Fontenille, Nil Rahola, Sony Yean, Sébastien Boyer To cite this version: Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Didier Fontenille, Nil Rahola, Sony Yean, Sébastien Boyer. Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia. Parasite, EDP Sciences, 2021, 28, pp.60. 10.1051/parasite/2021056. hal-03318784 HAL Id: hal-03318784 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03318784 Submitted on 10 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Parasite 28, 60 (2021) Ó P.-O. Maquart et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021056 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia Pierre-Olivier Maquart1,* , Didier Fontenille1,2, Nil Rahola2, Sony Yean1, and Sébastien Boyer1 1 Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge 5, BP 983, Blvd. Monivong, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2 MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France Received 25 January 2021, Accepted 4 July 2021, Published online 10 August 2021 Abstract – Between 2016 and 2020, the Medical and Veterinary Entomology unit of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge collected over 230,000 mosquitoes.
    [Show full text]
  • Wolbachia Infection in Wild Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae
    Ding et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:612 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04466-8 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Wolbachia infection in wild mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for transmission modes and host-endosymbiont associations in Singapore Huicong Ding†, Huiqing Yeo† and Nalini Puniamoorthy* Abstract Background: Wolbachia are intracellular bacterial endosymbionts found in most insect lineages. In mosquitoes, the infuence of these endosymbionts on host reproduction and arboviral transmission has spurred numerous stud- ies aimed at using Wolbachia infection as a vector control technique. However, there are several knowledge gaps in the literature and little is known about natural Wolbachia infection across species, their transmission modes, or associations between various Wolbachia lineages and their hosts. This study aims to address these gaps by exploring mosquito-Wolbachia associations and their evolutionary implications. Methods: We conducted tissue-specifc polymerase chain reaction screening for Wolbachia infection in the leg, gut and reproductive tissues of wild mosquitoes from Singapore using the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp) molecu- lar marker. Mosquito-Wolbachia associations were explored using three methods—tanglegram, distance-based, and event-based methods—and by inferred instances of vertical transmission and host shifts. Results: Adult mosquitoes (271 specimens) representing 14 genera and 40 species were screened for Wolbachia. Overall, 21 species (51.2%) were found positive for Wolbachia, including fve in the genus Aedes and fve in the genus Culex. To our knowledge, Wolbachia infections have not been previously reported in seven of these 21 species: Aedes nr. fumidus, Aedes annandalei, Uranotaenia obscura, Uranotaenia trilineata, Verrallina butleri, Verrallina sp. and Zeugno- myia gracilis.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular (Sub)Grouping of Endosymbiont Wolbachia Infection Among Mosquitoes of Taiwan
    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY/GENOMICS Molecular (Sub)Grouping of Endosymbiont Wolbachia Infection Among Mosquitoes of Taiwan 1 2 1 1 3 KUN-HSIEN TSAI, JIH-CHING LIEN, CHIN-GI HUANG, WEN-JER WU, AND WEI-JUNE CHEN J. Med. Entomol. 41(4): 677Ð683 (2004) ABSTRACT Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods as well as Þlarial worms. The infection usually results in reproductive distortions of the host, primarily cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, and feminization. This study showed that Wolbachia infection (15/29; 51.72%) was prevalent among Þeld-caught mosquitoes in Taiwan. Three mosquito species were identiÞed as having Wolbachia A infection, eight species as having Wolbachia B, and four other species were dually infected by both groups. Each Wolbachia isolate from different mosquitoes was further divided into a speciÞc subgroup. However, there were still some isolates that did not belong to any known subgroup, suggesting that more subgroups remain to be identiÞed. Investigation of tissue tropism in either Aedes albopictus (Skuse) or Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett) revealed that Wol- bachia were extensively distributed within the host, although the ovary was most susceptible to infection. This report provides preliminary features of molecular relationships among Wolbachia groups of mosquitoes from Taiwan. KEY WORDS endosymbiont, mosquito, tissue tropism, Wolbachia THE ENDOSYMBIONT Wolbachia are intracellular rickett- 1995b, Zhou et al. 1998). The type species, Wolbachia sia-like bacteria that are maternally inherited and nor- pipientis, was Þrst identiÞed in the mosquito Culex mally harbored in a number of arthropods (Rigaud pipiens (L.) complex (Hertig and Wolbach 1924). It and Juchault 1993, 1995; Breeuwer and Jacobs 1996; has been found that Wolbachia infects almost 100% of OÕNeill et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito Immatures in Drought-Prone and Drought-Resistant Bamboo Stumps in Flores, Indonesia
    Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 15(3):271_2.:5, 1999 Copyright O 1999 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. MOSQUITO IMMATURES IN DROUGHT-PRONE AND DROUGHT-RESISTANT BAMBOO STUMPS IN FLORES, INDONESIA TOSHIHIKO SUNAHARA,I MoToYoSHI MOGII INo MAKMUR SELoMo, ABSTRACT _ Mosquito species in water-filled bamboo stumps were compared with those emerged from dormant eggs in dry stumps. Tripteroides spp. was more abundant than Aetleslstegomyia) spp. (mainly annan- dalei and albttpictus) in water-filled stumps, whereas the latter was more abundant than the former in dry stumps. During 5 days after inundation, Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. developed faster than Tripteroides spp. Density of Tripteroides spp. was high in narrow and deep stumps. Both taxa of mosquitoes were at low deniities in water- filled stumps with large detritivores (Tipulidae and Oligochaeta). KEY WOR"DS Aedes, habitat segregation, mosquito community, species interaction, Tripteroitles INTRODUCTION retained water in the dry season with those that emerged from dormant eggs in dry stumps. Several container-breeding mosquito species of- In addition to drought susceptibility, we exam- ten co-occur in the same locality without competi- ined effects of the stump morphology and presence tive exclusion. Their coexistence can be attributed of predators and large detritivores on habitat uses at least partially to habitat segregation, which re- of mosquitoes. These habitat conditions vary sults from differential specialization of mosquitoes among stumps and may affect the use of bamboo under variable habitat conditions. stumps by mosquitoes. Drought susceptibility is one of the conditions that may result in habitat segregation of mosqui- toes. Drought susceptibility varies among tree MATERIALS AND METHODS holes, bamboo stumps, and other artif,cial contain- Sampling was carried out in 7 sites near villages ers (Bradshaw and Holzapfel 1988, Sota et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 02, pp.47060-47072, February, 2017 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF GLOBAL AND INDIAN MOSQUITO SPECIES IN TERMS OF BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOSTATISTICS *,1Divya Damodaran, 1Dr. Sudarsanam, D., 1Maria Infanshia Sajini, 1Vasantha Suppriya, 1Joel Singh, D. and 2Siddhardha Solosan 1Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai 2Govt .PHC, Medavakkam, Chennai-600100 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Recent studies on DNA-based approaches show a promising trend in the rapid description of Received 20th November, 2016 biodiversity. Traditional morphology-based assessments are timeconsuming and require specialists Received in revised form whose numbers are insufficient and dwindling. A DNA-based method called DNA barcoding has 14th December, 2016 been proposed as a rapid means of cataloguing species. Hebert et al., (2003) specifically suggest the Accepted 16th January, 2017 employment of DNA sequences as taxon ‘barcode’s and propose that the mitochondrial gene Published online 28th February, 2017 cytochrome oxidase I (COI) serves as the core of a global bio identification system for animals. The unique contribution of DNA barcoding to mosquito taxonomy and systematic is a compressed Key words: timeline for the exploration and analysis of biodiversity. According to Knowlton and Weigt (1998) among the mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) is to be the most conserved gene DNA barcoding, in the amino acid sequences and hence has distinct advantage for taxonomic studies. The Bioinformatics, morphological identification keys used currently for identification of mosquitoes are mainly related to Phylogenetic analysis, imaginal and fourth instars only.
    [Show full text]
  • TRIP REPORT Richard F. Darsie, Jr., Ph.D. and Shreedhar P. Pradhan
    Vector Biology & Control Proiect Telex 248812 (MSCi UR) 1611 North Kent Street, Suite 503 Cable MSCI Washington, D.C. Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 527-6500 & VECTOR BIOLOGY & CONTROL TRIP REPORT A VISIT TZ- USAID/NEPAL TO STUDY AND IDENTIFY CULICINE FAUNA NOVEMBER 1'i - DECEMBER 27, 1987 by Richard F. Darsie, Jr., Ph.D. and Shreedhar P. Pradhan, H.F.P. AR-061 Managed by Medical Service Corporation International under contract to the US. Ager.cy for International Development Authors Richard F. Darsie, Jr., Ph.D., is a Research Entomologist at The International Center for Public Health Research, University of South Carolina, McClellanville, South Carolina. Shreedhar P. Pradhan, H.F.P., is a Long-Term Malaria Advisor for USAID/Kathmandu. Acknowledgements Preparation of this document was sponsored by the Vector Biology & Control Project under Contract No. DPE-5948-C-00-5044­ 00 to Medical Service Corporation International, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A., for the Agency for International Development, Office of Health, Bureau of Science and Technology. The authors are indebted to Dr. David Calder for his foresight in fostering the study and his encouragement, to Dr. K.M. Dixit, Chief, NMEO, and R.G. Baidya, Chief, Entomology Section, NMEO, for assigning the entomological team, K. Kadaka, H.P. Poudyal and N.P. Shrestha, for their assistance and diligence in searching for mosquitoes; to P. Xarna and A. Singh for providing accommodations for the study; to N.K. Gurung for assistance in the use of the piggeries, and to M. Chamlin for logistical support. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationwide Distribution and Insecticide Resistance Study of Malaysian Mosquito Culex Quinquefasciatus Say by Molecular and Biochemical Tools
    NATIONWIDE DISTRIBUTION AND INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE STUDY OF MALAYSIAN MOSQUITO CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY BY MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL TOOLS LOW VAN LUN THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2013 ABSTRACT A nationwide investigation was carried out to (1) determine the distribution of Culex quinquefasciatus and other species of mosquitoes in stagnant water in residential areas, (2) investigate the genetic diversity of Cx. quinquefasciatus, (3) quantify the insecticide susceptibility status of Cx. quinquefasciatus, (4) characterize the biochemical mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus, (5) characterize the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from 13 states and one federal territory in Malaysia. Culex larval surveillance indicated that Cx. quinquefasciatus was the predominant species in residential areas. Several habitat characteristics (i.e., pH, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, elevation and dissolved oxygen) were found to be associated with Culex larvae distribution. In the context of molecular phylogeography, the genetic diversity of Malaysian Cx. quinquefasciatus was extremely low since only three and four haplotypes were revealed by COI and COII, respectively. As for insecticide resistance study of Cx. quinquefasciatus, both WHO larval and adult bioassays exhibited dissimilar trends in susceptibility against DDT, propoxur, malathion and permethrin. Correlations between propoxur and malathion resistance as well as between propoxur and permethrin resistance in larval bioassays were found. In enzyme microassays, elevated levels of α- esterases, β-esterases, mixed function oxidases, glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities were demonstrated in majority of the populations. Besides, a correlation between α-esterases activity and malathion resistance was also demonstrated.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to the Mosquito Fauna of Southeast Asia II
    ILLUSTRATED KEYS TO THE GENERA OF MOSQUITOES1 BY Peter F. Mattingly 2 INTRODUCTION The suprageneric and generic classification adopted here follow closely the Synoptic Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Stone et al. , 1959) and the various supplements (Stone, 1961, 1963, 1967,’ 1970). Changes in generic no- menclature arising from the publication of the Catalog include the substitution of Mansonia for Taeniorhynchus and Culiseta for Theobaldiu, bringing New and Old World practice into line, the substitution of Toxorhynchites for Megarhinus and MaZaya for Harpagomyia, the suppression of the diaeresis in Aties, A&deomyia (formerly Atiomyia) and Paraties (Christophers, 1960b) and the inclusion of the last named as a subgenus of Aedes (Mattingly, 1958). The only new generic name to appear since the publication of the Catalog is Galindomyiu (Stone & Barreto, 1969). Mimomyia, previously treated as a subgenus of Ficalbia, is here treated, in combination with subgenera Etorleptiomyia and Rauenulites, as a separate genus. Ronderos & Bachmann (1963a) proposed to treat Mansonia and Coquillettidia as separate genera and they have been fol- lowed by Stone (1967, 1970) and others. I cannot accept this and they are here retained in the single genus Mansonia. It will be seen that the treatment adopted here, as always with mosquitoes since the early days, is conservative. Inevitably, therefore, dif- fictiIties arise in connection with occasional aberrant species. In order to avoid split, or unduly prolix, couplets I have preferred, in nearly every case, to deal with these in the Notes to the Keys. The latter are consequently to be regarded as very much a part of the keys themselves and should be constantly borne in mind.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying the Main Mosquito Species in China Based on DNA Barcoding
    Identifying the Main Mosquito Species in China Based on DNA Barcoding Gang Wang1, Chunxiao Li1, Xiaoxia Guo1, Dan Xing1, Yande Dong1, Zhongming Wang1, Yingmei Zhang1, Meide Liu1, Zhong Zheng1,2, Hengduan Zhang1, Xiaojuan Zhu1, Zhiming Wu1, Tongyan Zhao1* 1 Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China, 2 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Military Area Command, Xinjiang, China Abstract Mosquitoes are insects of the Diptera, Nematocera, and Culicidae families, some species of which are important disease vectors. Identifying mosquito species based on morphological characteristics is difficult, particularly the identification of specimens collected in the field as part of disease surveillance programs. Because of this difficulty, we constructed DNA barcodes of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, the COI gene, for the more common mosquito species in China, including the major disease vectors. A total of 404 mosquito specimens were collected and assigned to 15 genera and 122 species and subspecies on the basis of morphological characteristics. Individuals of the same species grouped closely together in a Neighborhood-Joining tree based on COI sequence similarity, regardless of collection site. COI gene sequence divergence was approximately 30 times higher for species in the same genus than for members of the same species. Divergence in over 98% of congeneric species ranged from 2.3% to 21.8%, whereas divergence in conspecific individuals ranged from 0% to 1.67%. Cryptic species may be common and a few pseudogenes were detected. Citation: Wang G, Li C, Guo X, Xing D, Dong Y, et al. (2012) Identifying the Main Mosquito Species in China Based on DNA Barcoding.
    [Show full text]
  • Redescription of the Immature Stages and Male Genitalia of Topomyia (Topomyia) Gracilis Leicester, 1908 (Diptera: Culicidae) from Malaysia and Indonesia
    〔Med. Entomol. Zool. Vol. 68 No. 1 p. 11‒18 2017〕 11 DOI: 10.7601/mez.68.11 Redescription of the immature stages and male genitalia of Topomyia (Topomyia) gracilis Leicester, 1908 (Diptera: Culicidae) from Malaysia and Indonesia Ichiro Miyagi*, 1), 2), Takako Toma1), 2), Takao Okazawa 3), Siew Fui Wong 4) and Moi Ung Leh4) * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1) University Museum (Fujukan), University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903‒0213, Japan 2) Laboratory of Mosquito Systematics of Southeast Asia and Pacic, c/o Ocean Health Corporation, 4‒21‒11 Iso, Urasoe, Okinawa 901‒2132, Japan 3) Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‒8640, Japan 4) Sarawak Museum Department, 93566, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia (Received: 11 October 2016; Accepted: 27 December 2016) Abstract: The pupa and larva of Topomyia (Topomyia) gracilis Leicester are described and illustrated for the first time based on specimens collected from Sarawak and Selangor, Malaysia and Bali Is., Indonesia. The male genitalia was also illustrated. The larvae of this species usually breed in the water accumulation of leaf axils (or phytotelmata) of taro plants (Alocasia and Colocasia), wild and domestic bananas (Musa spp.) and Pandanus sp. in semi-domestic environments from coastal plains to mountain forests. Key words: Topomyia gracilis, redescription, male genitalia, immature stages, Malaysia, Indonesia University, Japan. Introduction Materials and Methods Topomyia (Topomyia) gracilis is one of the common mosquitoes in Malaysia and neighboring countries. Individual rearings are essential to establish The larva is found in the leaf axils (=phytotelmata) correlations between the immature and the adults and of many kinds of herbal and ornamental plants between the two sexes of the adults (Belkin, 1962).
    [Show full text]