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Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP, on the Situation in Czechoslovakia
Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (PHP) April 2004 Romania and the Warsaw Pact, 1955–1989 www.isn.ethz.ch/php Edited by Dennis Deletant, Mihail E. Ionescu and Anna Locher ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP, on the Situation in Czechoslovakia Bucharest, 21 August 1968 Participants in the meeting, comrades: Nicolae Ceasescu, Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Gheorghe Apostol, Alexandru Bârladeanu, Emil Bodnaras, Chivu Stoica, Paul Niculescu-Mizil, Virgil Trofin, Ilie Verdet, Maxim Berghianu, Florian Danalache, Constantin Dragan, Ianos Fazekas, Leonte Rautu, Vasile Vâlcu, Stefan Voitec, Iosif Banc, Petre Blajovici, Dumitru Coliu, Mihai Gere, Petre Lupu, Manea Manescu, Dumitru Popa, Dumitru Popescu, Gheorghe Stoica. Invited to participate in the meeting, comrades: Mihai Dalea, Vasile Patilinet. The meeting opens at 6:30 a.m. AGENDA: The situation created after the penetration of the armed forces of certain socialist countries into the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Upon listening to Comrade Nicolae Ceausescu's briefing on the very serious situation created after the penetration in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic - without the knowledge and approval of that country's Party and State bodies, of the armed forces of the URSS, the Polish People's Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria and the German Democratic Republic - the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP, decides as follows: • The Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania shall address a note to the five socialist countries whose troops occupied Czechoslovakia and express its concern about and disapproval of this act, the fact that it does not share at all the views stated in the TASS Communiqué, alleging that a counter-revolutionary situation was obtaining in Czechoslovakia which might have justified a military intervention. -
Corpses, Dead Body Politics and Agency in Human Geography: Following the Corpse of Dr Petru Groza
Corpses, dead body politics and agency in human geography: following the corpse of Dr Petru Groza This paper follows the mobilities of the dead body of Dr Petru Groza (1884-1958), a significant political figure in post-World War II socialist Romania, to explore the implications for human geography of engaging with the dead. Although there has been a considerable interest in ‘geographies of the body’ and ‘deathscapes’ human geography has had relatively little to say about dead bodies. The paper draws on literatures from death studies, memory studies, history, anthropology, law and dead body politics to develop an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the role of the corpse in society, and argues that human geography should do more to consider how dead bodies contribute to the formation of contemporary geographies. To illustrate these points the analysis first explores how the treatment of Groza’s corpse and the ‘deathwork’ associated with it is an example of ‘dead body politics’. Second, the analysis draws out the agency of the corpse and its role in a variety of ‘deathscapes’. The conclusion considers the implications for human geography of engaging with dead bodies more generally. key words corpses dead body politics mobility agency Death Studies Romania 1 Corpses, dead body politics and agency in human geography: following the corpse of Dr Petru Groza Introduction This paper follows the mobilities of the corpse of Dr. Petru Groza (1884-1958) to explore the implications for human geography of engaging with the dead. Petru Groza lead the first post- War Romanian Communist government, was Prime Minister 1945-52, and titular Head of State 1952-58. -
The Tragicomedy of Romanian Communism
RESEARCH REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : THE TRAGICOMEDY OF ROMANIAN COMMUNIS M AUTHOR : Vladimir Tismanean u CONTRACTOR : Foreign Policy Researc h Institute PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 903-0 4 DATE : September, 198 9 The work leading to this report was supported by funds provided b y the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . Th e analysis and interpretations contained in the report are those o f the author . a NOTE This report, based on an article to be published i n Eastern EuropeanPolitics andSocieties, is an inciden- tal product of the Council Contract identified on the title page . It is not the Final Report, which wa s distributed in August, 1989 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Stalin's Romanian Disciples 1 1 The Comintern and the RCP 1 6 Stalinism for All Seasons 3 4 The Anti-De-Stalinization Platform 3 9 The Road to Absolute Power 43 The Manipulated Manipulator 47 Assault on the Party Apparatus 5 2 Notes 57 The Tragicomedy of Romanian Communis m Vladimir Tismanean u Un monde sans tyrans serait aussi ennuyeux qu'un jardi n zoologique sans hyenes . E . M . Cioran, Histoire et utopi e Now, despite eternal cabals in the inner clique and unendin g shifts of personnel, with their tremendous accumulation o f hatred, bitterness, and personal resentment, the Leader' s position can remain secure against chaotic palace revolution s not because of his superior gifts, about which the men in hi s intimate surroundings frequently have no great illusions, bu t because of these men's sincere and sensible conviction tha t without him everything would be immediately lost . -
Romania CAPITAL: Bucharest SYSTEM of GOVERNMENT: Unitary Multiparty Republic AREA: 237,500 Sq Km (91,699 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION: 23,034,200
OFFICIAL NAME: Romania CAPITAL: Bucharest SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Unitary Multiparty Republic AREA: 237,500 Sq Km (91,699 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION: 23,034,200 LOCATION & GEOGRAPHY: Romania is located on the Balkan Peninsula in South East Europe. It is bound by the Black Sea and Moldova to the east, Bulgaria to the south, Serbia & Montenegro and Hungary to the west as well as the Ukraine to the north and northeast. The Carpathian Mountains form the heart of the country and are divided into three ranges. (1.) The East Carpathians, (2.) the South Carpathians and (3.) the West Carpathians. There are rich arable plains in the south which include the Baragan Plains to the east and Oltenian Plains to the west. The principal rivers are the Danube, Tisza, Mures, Prut, Siret and Olt Rivers. In addition, around 3,500 glacial ponds, lakes and coastal lagoons are also found throughout the country. Major Cities (pop. est.); Bucharest 2,066,700, Constanta 349,000, Iasi 337,600, Timisoara 325,400, Galati 324,200, Brasov 324,100 (1993). Land Use; forested 29%, pastures 21%, agricultural-cultivated 43%, other 7% (1993). CLIMATE: Romania has a continental climate characterized by cold snowy winters and warm summers. In the Carpathian Mountains the summers are cooler and wetter. The prevailing winds are from the north to northeast and are hot and dry during summer while in winter they are cold and severe. Average annual precipitation is 637 mm (25 inches) while average temperature ranges in Bucharest are from -2 degrees Celsius (28 degrees Fahrenheit) in winter to 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) in summer. -
STENOGRAPHIC TRANSCRIPT of the Meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers’ Party
Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (PHP) April 2004 Romania and the Warsaw Pact, 1955–1989 www.isn.ethz.ch/php Edited by Dennis Deletant, Mihail E. Ionescu and Anna Locher ________________________________________________________________________________________________ STENOGRAPHIC TRANSCRIPT of the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers’ Party 4 July 1963 Participants: comrades Emil Bodnaras, Petre Borila, Chivu Stoica, Alexandru Draghici, Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Alexandru Moghioros, Dumitru Coliu, Leonte Rautu, and Stefan Voitec. Comrade Leonte Rautu: Comrades, in a nutshell, the problem in question is the following: as you know, on 1 July a declaration of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was issued in connection with the negotiations that are to take place, in which the composition of the PCC delegation, and the stand they had taken were announced. We have published the composition of the delegation, and a sentence in which the position of the Chinese was presented. Today the ”Pravda” newspaper published a declaration of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; I propose to have it read now (the declaration is being read). Cde. Emil Bodnaras: What about the Chinese declaration of 1 July, to which this [Soviet] declaration refers? Cde. Leonte Rautu: We can read that declaration, too, to refresh the memory of it (the declaration of 1 July is being read). These are the two materials. In connection with this declaration we have published the fact that the “New China” News Agency transmitted a declaration of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party announcing the composition of the PCC delegation, as well as a sentence showing that the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party nurtures the hope that the talks will be held with a unanimity of views. -
Italian Historical Migration and Investments in Modern-Day Romania
CA' FOSCARI UNIVERSITY OF VENICE UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM Double Degree Laurea Magistrale in Economia e gestione delle aziende Master of Science in International Business and Economics Department of Management Associate Professor Dr. Giovanni Favero Master-Thesis Italian Historical Migration and Investments in Modern-day Romania Liviu Constantin Jakob 848196 / 425517 [email protected] [email protected] Venice, October 9th 2014 1 Executive Summary The present master thesis analyses the common historical and economic relationship between Italy and Romania, two countries of Latin origin that have been both founded by the middle of the 19th century, through the unification of different former states of same roots, language, culture and history. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter covers the middle ages and then the period from the 19th century until 1945, when Italian craftsmen, especially from the provinces of North-Eastern Italy, came to the newly established Romanian Kingdom, laying the foundation for the nowadays officially recognized Italian minority in Romania. The second chapter presents the economic and social relationships between Italy and Romania during the time of the communist regime, which was imposed to Romania by the Soviet Union after World War 2 and lasted until the end of 1989. Chapter three presents the status of the Italian minority after the revolution of 1989 and until today. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, the markets of the former communist states in Eastern Europe were opened to western products and investments. Also Romania opened its economy step by step during the transitional period from communism to capitalism and free market. -
Institutul De Studii Istorice Si Social
NR. INVENTAR: 3385 ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE SERVICIUL ARHIVE NAŢIONALE ISTORICE CENTRALE BIROUL ARHIVE CONTEMPORANE FOND INSTITUTUL DE STUDII ISTORICE ŞI SOCIAL-POLITICE FOTOTECA – Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej INVENTAR Anii: 1956 - 1958 1446 u.a. PREFAŢĂ Informaţii asupra instituţiei creatoare şi a fondului deţinut de Arhivele Naţionale pot fi regăsite în prefaţa inventarului nr. 3229 al fondului Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social-Politice – Fototeca – Portrete. Una dintre cele mai interesante părţi structurale ale acestui fond, prin bogăţia şi diversitatea ei, o reprezintă Fototeca, împărţită tematic, în mai multe subdiviziuni. Subdiviziunea Fototecii I.S.I.S.P., intitulată Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, cuprinde fotografii ce ilustrează momente oficiale din viaţa şi activitatea lui Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, secretar general al CC al PCR (1945-1948), apoi prim-secretar al CC al PMR (1948-1965), primul dictator comunist al României (1948-1965). Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej s-a născut pe 8 noiembrie 1901 la Bârlad, fiind fiul lui Tănase şi al Anei Gheorghiu. După cele patru clase gimnaziale, s-a calificat în meseria de electrician. După terminarea şcolii a lucrat la o fabrică de cherestea, la o ţesătorie, iar apoi s-a angajat la meşteri dogari din Piatra Neamţ şi Moineşti. În perioada 1919-1921 a lucrat ca eletrician la Câmpina. Stagiul militar l-a făcut la Focşani, unde a obţinut gradul de sergent. Din anul 1930 a aderat la Partidul Comunist din Romania (P.Cd.R) iar după doi ani a fost ales secretar al Comitetului de Acţiune a Ceferiştilor. Acuzat de agitaţie comunistă, a fost transferat la Staţia de triaj din Dej. În februarie 1933 a participat la greva organizată în cadrul Atelierelor CFR Griviţa alături de Constantin Doncea, Chivu Stoica si Ilie Pintilie. -
A Romanian Narrative
Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series IVA. Central and Eastern European Philosophical Studies, Volume 48 Series VIII. Christian Philosophical Studies, Volume 7 General Editor George F. McLean Faith and Secularization: A Romanian Narrative Romanian Philosophical Studies, IX Christian Philosophical Studies, VII Edited by Wilhelm Dancă The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Copyright © 2014 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Box 261 Cardinal Station Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Faith and secularation : a Romanian narrative / edited by Wilhelm Danca. pages cm. -- (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series IVA, Central and Eastern European philosophical studies ; Volume 48) (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series VIII, Christian philosophical studies ; Volume 7) (Romanian philosophical studies ; 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Romania--Church history--20th century--Congresses. 2. Secularization-- Romania--Congresses. 3. Christianity and culture--Romania--Congresses. 4. Catholic Church--Romania--Congresses. 5. Biserica Ortodoxa Romania-- Congresses. 6. Orthodox Eastern Church--Relations--Catholic Church-- Congresses. 7. Catholic Church--Relations--Orthodox Eastern Church-- Congresses. I. Danca, Wilhelm, 1959-editor of compilation. BR926.3.F35 2014 2014015096 274.98'082--dc23 CIP ISBN 978-1-56518-292-9 (pbk.) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Wilhelm Dancă (University of Bucharest) Part I. Disjunctions between Catholic Church and People within the Romanian Orthodox Context Chapter I: “Wellness” in Religion, a Way of Emptying Churches? 11 Wilhelm Tauwinkl (University of Bucharest) Chapter II: Contradictory Sign of What is Missing: 25 A Narrative of Romanian Postcommunist Religiosity Violeta Barbu (University of Bucharest) Chapter III: Coming Back to Religion. -
Granville Outcover.Indd
The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Johanna Granville Number 1905 “If Hope Is Sin, Then We Are All Guilty”: Romanian Students’ Reactions to the Hungarian Revolution and Soviet Intervention, 1956–1958 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Number 1905 Johanna Granville “If Hope Is Sin, Then We Are All Guilty”: Romanian Students’ Reactions to the Hungarian Revolution and Soviet Intervention, 1956–1958 Dr. Johanna Granville is a visiting professor of history at Novosibirsk State University in Russia, where she is also conducting multi-archival research for a second monograph on dissent throughout the communist bloc in the 1950s. She is the author of The First Domino: International Decision Making during the Hungarian Crisis of 1956 (2004) and was recently a Campbell Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, USA. No. 1905, April 2008 © 2008 by The Center for Russian and East European Studies, a program of the University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh ISSN 0889-275X Image from cover: Map of Romania, from CIA World Factbook 2002, public domain. The Carl Beck Papers Editors: William Chase, Bob Donnorummo, Ronald H. Linden Managing Editor: Eileen O’Malley Editorial Assistant: Vera Dorosh Sebulsky Submissions to The Carl Beck Papers are welcome. Manuscripts must be in English, double-spaced throughout, and between 40 and 90 pages in length. Acceptance is based on anonymous review. Mail submissions to: Editor, The Carl Beck Papers, Center for Russian and East European Studies, 4400 Wesley W. Posvar Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. Abstract The events of 1956 (the Twentieth CPSU Congress, Khrushchev’s Secret Speech, and the Hungarian revolution) had a strong impact on the evolution of the Romanian communist regime, paving the way for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Roma- nia in 1958, the stricter policy toward the Transylvanian Hungarians, and Romania’s greater independence from the USSR in the 1960s. -
Institutul De Studii Istorice Si Social
NR. INVENTAR: 3229 ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE SERVICIUL ARHIVE NAŢIONALE ISTORICE CENTRALE BIROUL ARHIVE CONTEMPORANE FOND INSTITUTUL DE STUDII ISTORICE ŞI SOCIAL-POLITICE FOTOTECA – Portrete INVENTAR 3414 u.a. Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei PREFAŢĂ 1. Istoricul creatorului fondului - Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social-Politice Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social-Politice (I.S.I.S.P.) a devenit funcţional la 26 martie 1951, sub denumirea de Institut de Istorie a Partidului, având ca principal scop cercetarea şi (re)scrierea istoriei mişcării muncitoreşti, socialiste (social-democrate) şi comuniste din România şi din lume în conformitate cu propaganda oficială şi linia politico-ideologică a P.M.R./P.C.R. Relaţia Institutului cu Partidul Comunist este demonstrată prin directa tutelare a acestuia de către Comitetul Central al Partidului. Problema înfiinţării unui asemenea institut s-a discutat încă din anul 1950, când prin Hotărârea Biroului Politic al C.C. al P.M.R. nr.2/1950 s-a decis organizarea Institutului de Istorie a Partidului, însă noua instituţie şi-a început oficial activitatea un an mai târziu, la data de 8 mai 1951. Comitetul Politic Executiv al P.C.R. a hotărât la 22 martie 1966 transformarea Institutului de Istorie a Partidului în Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social- Politice de pe lângă C.C. al P.C.R. Institutul era condus de un consiliu ştiinţific din care iniţial făceau parte şi unii dintre principalii lideri comunişti români: Gheorghe Gheorghiu- Dej, Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca, Teohari Georgescu, Lothar Rădăceanu, Iosif Chişinevschi, Alexandru Moghioroş, Gheorghe Apostol, Constantin Pârvulescu, Ion Niculi, Leonte Răutu, Mihail Roller, Gheorghe Stoica, Sorin Toma, A. -
Diplomatici Ai URSS,SUA Şi Marrea Britanie, PNŢ,PNL,PSD,PCR Au Creat O Coaliţie ,Cu Scopul Constituirii Unui Guvern Care Să Încheie Armistiţiul Cu Naţiunile Unite
VICTIMELE GENOCIDULUI: DIPLOMAŢI [sinteză Livia Dandara] Miniştrii de Externe : 23 aug.'44- 29 dec.'89- 12 mai '95 ) LD: Enumerăm şefii diplomaţiei româneşti în "epoca Dej " , "epoca Ceauşescu " şi "epoca Iliescu" ,pentru a medita asupra rolului sau răspunderii lor în represiunea regimului comunist , pentru a imprima un anume curs poziţionării României pe planul relaţiilor internaţionale. -Grigore Niculescu-Buzeşti - guv.Sănătescu (I ): 23 aug.-3 nov.'44 ; - Constantin Vişoianu - guv.Sănătescu(II ) şi guv.Nicolae Rădescu ( 4 nov. '44-5 mart'45 ) - Gheorghe Tătărescu -guv. Petru Groza (I, II ) : 6 mart.'45- 5 nov.'47. - Ana Pauker - guv. Petru Groza (II, III, IV) şi guv.Gheorghiu- Dej( I ): (5 nov.'47 -10 iul'52 ) - Simion Bughici - guv. Gheorghe Gheorghiu -Dej ( I, II ): 10 iul.'52 - 4 oct.'55 ; - Grigore Preoteasa - guv. Gheorghiu Dej (II ) , guv. Chivu Stoica : 4 oct.'55 - 15 iul.'57 ; - Ion Gh.Maurer - guv.Chivu Stoica : 15 iul.'57 - 21 mart.'61 - Corneliu Mănescu - guv. I.Gh.Maurer ( I ,II,III,IV, V ): 21 mart'61 - 23 oct.'72.) - George Macovescu - guv. IGMaurer ( V) şi guv. Manea Mănescu (I): 23 oct.'72 - 23 mart.'78 ) - Ştefan Andrei - guv.Manea Mănescu ,guv.Ilie Verdeţ ,guv.C.Dăscălescu :mart.'78 -22 dec.'89 ). Revoluţia din dec.'89 - Sergiu Celac - guv.provizoriu Petre Roman: 26 dec.'89-28 iun.'90 - Adrian Năstase - guv. Petre Roman ( II ), guv.Stolojan :28 iun.'90 - 19 nov.'92 - Teodor Viorel Meleşcanu - guv.Stolojan , guv. Nic.Văcăroiu : 19 nov.'92 -12 mai'95 CRONOLOGIE LEGISLAŢIE REPRESIUNE /23 august '39 - / iunie '40 / iun.'41 / România- stat învins [LD: nu este cazul să fac- fie şi pe scurt- istoria războiului al II-lea mondial. -
PCR Şi Guvernanţi – Nomenclatura Şi Colaboratorii [Sinteză Livia Dandara]
AUTORII GENOCIDULUI: PCR şi guvernanţi – nomenclatura şi colaboratorii [sinteză Livia Dandara] [LD: Paradoxal, ei apar foarte rar în documentele care descriu represiunile , deoarece ordinele lor de arestare , date pe linie ierarhică de guvern şi partid, erau executate de Securitate şi Miliţie , iar procesele erau în competenţa procurorilor şi judecătorilor .De aceea am pus în fruntea acestor tabele adevăraţii autori politici şi morali ai genocidului .Istoricii -sau Justiţia ? sau Parlamentul ? -ar trebui să scoată la iveală Tabelele cu activiştii de partid -centrali şi locali - care , în fond, au alcătuit "sistema " regimului totalitar comunist. Pentru că : Gheorghiu -Dej, Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu , Petru Groza, Teohari Georgescu , Vasile Luca , Ana Pauker, Miron Constantinescu , ş.a ş.a, au depus tot zelul pentru a emite decrete-legi, instrucţiuni, circulare , ordine de zi, prin care s-a realizat crima decapitării elitelor româneşti Vezi Tabelul Cronologia represiunii] ------------------------------------------------ - Nicoleta Ionescu-Gură, Nomenclatura Comitetului Central al PMR. Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2006. Anthologie cu 75 documente./ Reorganizarea aparatului CC al PMR (1950-1965) / Secţiile CC al PMR / Aparatul local / Evoluţia numerică şi compoziţia aparatului de partid / Salarizarea, orarul de lucru, regimul pensiilor, bugetul PMR / Nomenclatura CC al PMR :evoluţia numerică ; evidenţa cadrelor / Privilegiile nomenclaturii CC al PMR : Casele speciale,centrele de odihnă, policlinici şi spitale cu regim special, fermele partidului