DOCSLIB.ORG

Italian Historical Migration and Investments in Modern-Day Romania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Italian Historical Migration and Investments in Modern-Day Romania CA' FOSCARI UNIVERSITY OF VENICE UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM Double Degree Laurea Magistrale in Economia e gestione delle aziende Master of Science in International Business and Economics Department of Management Associate Professor Dr. Giovanni Favero Master-Thesis Italian Historical Migration and Investments in Modern-day Romania Liviu Constantin Jakob 848196 / 425517 [email protected] [email protected] Venice, October 9th 2014 1 Executive Summary The present master thesis analyses the common historical and economic relationship between Italy and Romania, two countries of Latin origin that have been both founded by the middle of the 19th century, through the unification of different former states of same roots, language, culture and history. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter covers the middle ages and then the period from the 19th century until 1945, when Italian craftsmen, especially from the provinces of North-Eastern Italy, came to the newly established Romanian Kingdom, laying the foundation for the nowadays officially recognized Italian minority in Romania. The second chapter presents the economic and social relationships between Italy and Romania during the time of the communist regime, which was imposed to Romania by the Soviet Union after World War 2 and lasted until the end of 1989. Chapter three presents the status of the Italian minority after the revolution of 1989 and until today. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, the markets of the former communist states in Eastern Europe were opened to western products and investments. Also Romania opened its economy step by step during the transitional period from communism to capitalism and free market. Many Italian companies used the new opportunities and invested heavily in Romania. In particular, the western historical region of Banat with its unofficial capital Timişoara became the epicentre of Italian invested capital. This development along the reasons why exactly this region became so attractive for Italian companies during the 1990s are presented in the fourth chapter. Chapter five shows the present situation of Italian companies and provides detailed information of their economic activity in Romania. 2 Table of Contents I.Historical Migration of Italians to Romania...............................................................5 I.1.Italians in the Romanian Principalities during the Middle-Ages ..................................5 I.2.Italians in Romania from 1860 to World War I..............................................................8 I.2.1The Origin of the Italian Migrants...........................................................................9 I.2.2Romania as an attractive Destination for Italian Migrants .................................10 I.2.3Economic Domains in which the Italian Guest-workers activated.......................12 I.2.4Italians who marked and influenced Romania.....................................................16 I.2.5Statistics and official documents on the extent of the stable Italian population residing in the Kingdom of Romania...........................................................................19 I.3.Italians in Romania during the Interwar period and World War II ..............................22 I.3.1Statistics and official documents on the extent of the stable Italian population residing in Interwar Greater Romania.........................................................................22 I.3.2Italian Architects and the Construction of Greater Romania................................30 I.3.3Italian Culture and Social Life under the sign of Fascism....................................32 I.4.Conclusions Chapter I................................................................................................36 II.Italian-Romanian Relations during the Communist Period...................................37 II.1.The Sovietization of Romania and the Exodus of the Italians...................................37 II.2.Economic Cooperation and Transfer of Technology..................................................41 II.3.Relations between the Romanian and the Italian Communist Parties......................45 II.4.Romania's Economy and Standard of living in the 1970s and 1980s.......................51 II.5.Conclusions Chapter II..............................................................................................53 III.Italian Minority in contemporary Romania............................................................55 III.1.Unity and political Representation............................................................................55 III.2.Romanian Celebrities with Italian Ancestors............................................................57 III.3.Statistics on the extent of the stable ethnic Italians in Romania..............................59 III.4.Conclusion Chapter III..............................................................................................62 3 IV.Investments during the Time of Transition...........................................................63 IV.1.Transition in Romania...............................................................................................63 IV.2.Italian Investments in the Romanian Footwear and Apparel Industry .....................70 IV.3.Technic Development, a Subsidiary of Geox in Timişoara.......................................75 IV.4.Comparative Advantages of the Banat and the western Regions............................76 IV.5.Conclusions Chapter IV............................................................................................79 V.Italian Companies doing Business in contemporary Romania..............................80 V.1.Commercial Exchange between Italy and Romania.................................................80 V.2.Italian Foreign Direct Investments in Romania.........................................................81 V.3.Astaldi's double-sided reputation in Romania...........................................................85 V.4. Enel and its imminent withdrawal from Romania ....................................................87 V.5.Italian Banks in Romania...........................................................................................89 V.6.The ”investments” of the Italian Mafia.......................................................................91 V.7.Conclusions Chapter V..............................................................................................93 VI.Conclusion of the Thesis, Closing Remarks and Forecast..................................95 4 I. Historical Migration of Italians to Romania I.1. Italians in the Romanian Principalities during the Middle-Ages Very little is known about the migration of people from the territory of today's Italy to the Romanian principalities before the 1800s. Over the years there have been nevertheless Italians that got in contact with the princely courts of Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania. Those early Italians were travellers, adventurers, physicians, missionaries, military and civil architects, painters, musicians, chisellers, carpenters or builders.1 Historical documents certify the presence of Italians on the territory of present-day Romania already by the 12th century. During the reign of the Hungarian King Géza II, between 1142 and 1162, the first foreign settlers started to arrive in Transylvania. Along them were also Italians, but unfortunately no other information about these people has been recorded. Another migration wave was recorded half a century later when alongside Walloons also Italians settled at Varadino (present Oradea, north-west Romania). There they constructed themselves their urban districts already before the Mongolian invasion of the year 1241. The quarters bare the names of their inhabitants, such as Venezia, which nowadays still exists and is called Velenza.2 Contemporaneously in the 13th and 14th centuries the ancient Greek fortresses at the Black Sea have been colonized by the maritime republics of Genoa and Venice, first with the approval of the Byzantine Empire and later in compliance with the Ottoman Empire. Those colonies were called Lycostomo (today's Chilia Veche in the Danube Delta), Moncastro (now Bilhorod- Dnistrovskyi, formerly Cetatea Albă, in Ukraine near the city of Odessa) and Vicina, a fortress on the Danube (the exact location is debated by archaeologists and historians). The urban administration of Vicina and Lycostomo were in the hands of the Genovesi. They were ruled by a consul, likewise Italian cities in that times. Businessmen from both Genoa and Venice contributed substantially to the reinvigoration and intensification of commerce through the Romanian ports at the Danube.3 The Republic of Venice had even established a vice-consulate at Moncastro, back then a port of the Principality of Moldavia, 1 N. Luca, L'Emigrazione Storica dei Friulani in Romania, Bucharest, Sempre Uni, 2006, p. 33 2 E. H. Bader, R. F. Gurau, Fortificaţiile medievale din Transilvania, Editura Sfera, Bucharest, 2001, p.169, cit. in Luca, L'Emigrazione Storica dei Friulani in Romania, cit., p. 33 3 T.V. Poncea, Geneza Oraşului Medieval Românesc Extra Carpatic (Secolele X-XIV), Bucharest, Biblioteca Bucureştilor, 1999, p.110 5 in the year 1435. The first consuls name was Francesco Diedo.4 After 1300 there are mentioned Italian architects and craftsmen, which were invited to construct fortresses and citadels. For example between 1307 and 1315, they constructed a castle for the Hungarian king Charles Robert of Anjou in Timişoara
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Gabor, Manuela Rozalia; Ştefănescu, Daniela; Conţiu, Lia Codrina Article The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities Amfiteatru Economic Journal Provided in Cooperation with: The Bucharest University of Economic Studies Suggested Citation: Gabor, Manuela Rozalia; Ştefănescu, Daniela; Conţiu, Lia Codrina (2010) : The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities, Amfiteatru Economic Journal, ISSN 2247-9104, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Vol. 12, Iss. 28, pp. 314-331 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/168694 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministerul Cultelor Și Instrucțiunii Publice. 1947-1949
    ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE SERVICIUL ARHIVE NAŢIONALE ISTORICE CENTRALE Biroul Arhive Administrative şi Culturale Nr. inventar: 3435 INVENTAR MINISTERUL CULTELOR ŞI INSTRUCŢIUNII PUBLICE 1947 - 1949 2017 PREFAȚĂ Perioada anilor 1947-1949 marchează transformările produse în sistemul educațional românesc, când a fost instalat modelul sovietic. Astfel, prin Decretul nr. 175 din 3 august 1948, în școlile din România a fost impus sistemul manualului unic, la început fiind traduse manualele rusești, controlul fiind făcut prin Comisia de Învățământ a Direcției de Agitație și Propagandă a Comitetului Central al P.M.R., condusă de Mihail Roller. Reformele din anul 1949 au fost esențiale în distrugerea sistemului vechi și crearea unei noi versiuni, școlile fiind segmentate pe trei niveluri (grupuri școlare, școli și universități de mijloc), care ofereau o educație identică, multe din universități fiind retrogradate la nivelul de institute tehnice, iar școlile private și religioase au fost închise și au fost preluate de către stat. Limba rusă a devenit obligatorie, iar ateismul științific a luat locul religiei, cenzura a devenit foarte răspândită, mulți autori clasici fiind interziși. Cu toate acestea, au existat și unele realizări, cea mai importantă fiind campania de alfabetizare, dar și reintroducerea învățământului în limbile minorităților. Inventarul Ministerul Cultelor și Instrucțiunii Publice (1947-1949) conţine următoarele genuri de documente: decizii, rapoarte, instrucțiuni, proiecte legi, decrete, HCM, circulare, corespondenţă externă, programe,
    [Show full text]
  • Sus Par Nume Au, Impar Tl
    PORTRETUL PERECHII PRINCIARE MOŞTENITOARE FERDINAND ŞI MARIA DIN VIZIUNEA REGINEI ELISABETA A ROMÂNIEI ÎN SCRISORI PERSONALE ŞI TEXTE PENTRU PUBLICUL LARG * Silvia Irina ZIMMERMANN Abstract: Several literary texts of Carmen Sylva (penname of the Queen Elisabeth, consort of King Carol Ist of Romania) contain autobiographical aspects, but there are only a few diaries she published, such as Pe Dunăre (Sailing the Danube River, 1905), where she writes about the members of the Romanian royal family. Whereas in the autobiographical works Carmen Sylva draws a mostly positive image of the royal family, the personal correspondence of the Queen reveals the whole range of intimate sentiments, hopes, disappointments, and resentments regarding her life and family relationships. In her letters to her princiary family in Neuwied and to her husband, King Carol Ist, she writes frankly, often critically, sometimes caustically, about the family members including the hereditary couple Ferdinand and Marie („Nando” and „Missy”). Keywords: King Carol Ist of Romania, Carmen Sylva – Elisabeth of Romania, King Ferdinand of Romania, Mary of Romania, royality, literature, history, letters. „Carmen Sylva vedea cu ochii ei, auzea cu urechile ei, vorbea cu limba ei” – astfel o caracteriza Principesa Moştenitoare Maria pe prima regină a * Lucrarea a fost prezentată în cadrul simpozionului organizat de Muzeul Naţional Peleş, „Reşedinţele regale de la Sinaia. Artă şi istorie. Regele Ferdinand I şi Regina Maria”, în perioada 17-18 septembrie 2015 la Buşteni. REVISTA BIBLIOTECII ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE, Anul 1, nr. 2, iunie-decembrie 2016, p. 11-35. 12 Silvia Irina ZIMMERMANN României în însemnările din anul 19131. Mai mult decât atât, prima regină a Românei, Elisabeta de Wied, a avut o mare notorietate la vremea ei, datorită activităţii literare sub pseudonimul Carmen Sylva, sub care, de altfel, nu şi-a ascuns adevărata identitate de regină.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Benefits of the Sustainability Reporting Practices
    sustainability Article Assessing the Benefits of the Sustainability Reporting Practices in the Top Romanian Companies Anca Gabriela Petrescu 1,*, Florentina Raluca Bîlcan 1, Marius Petrescu 1, 2 3 2 Ionica Holban Oncioiu , Mirela Cătălina Türkes, and Sorinel Căpu¸sneanu 1 Faculty of Economic Sciences, Valahia University, 130024 Targoviste, Romania; bilcan.fl[email protected] (F.R.B.); [email protected] (M.P.) 2 Faculty of Finance-Banking, Accounting and Business Administration, Titu Maiorescu University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (I.H.O.); [email protected] (S.C.) 3 Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy, Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania; offi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-744-322-911 Received: 19 March 2020; Accepted: 21 April 2020; Published: 24 April 2020 Abstract: The concept of sustainability reporting has been addressed by experts worldwide and is defined as the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of the economic actions of organizations to special interest groups within society in general. The main purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the opinions of the real benefits obtained by large companies in Romania following the elaboration of sustainability reports and their contribution to the development of a sustainable economy. A quantitative marketing research was carried out on the sample randomly extracted from a target community of the largest 5750 companies
    [Show full text]
  • On the Medieval Urban Economy in Wallachia
    iANALELE ŞTIIN łIFICE ALE UNIVERSIT Ăł II „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” DIN IA ŞI Tomul LVI Ştiin Ńe Economice 2009 ON THE MEDIEVAL URBAN ECONOMY IN WALLACHIA Lauren Ńiu R ĂDVAN * Abstract The present study focuses on the background of the medieval urban economy in Wallachia. Townspeople earned most of their income through trade. Acting as middlemen in the trade between the Levant and Central Europe, the merchants in Br ăila, Târgovi şte, Câmpulung, Bucure şti or Târg şor became involved in trading goods that were local or had been brought from beyond the Carpathians or the Black Sea. Raw materials were the goods of choice, and Wallachia had vast amounts of them: salt, cereals, livestock or animal products, skins, wax, honey; mostly imported were expensive cloth or finer goods, much sought after by the local rulers and boyars. An analysis of the documents indicates that crafts were only secondary, witness the many raw goods imported: fine cloth (brought specifically from Flanders), weapons, tools. Products gained by practicing various crafts were sold, covering the food and clothing demand for townspeople and the rural population. As was the case with Moldavia, Wallachia stood out by its vintage wine, most of it coming from vineyards neighbouring towns. The study also deals with the ethnicity of the merchants present on the Wallachia market. Tradesmen from local towns were joined by numerous Transylvanians (Bra şov, Sibiu), but also Balkans (Ragussa) or Poles (Lviv). The Transylvanian ones enjoyed some privileges, such as tax exemptions or reduced customs duties. Key words: regional history; medieval trade; charters of privilege; merchants; craftsmen; Wallachia JEL classification: N93 1.
    [Show full text]
  • August 21, 1968 Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP on the Situation in Czechoslovakia
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified August 21, 1968 Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP on the situation in Czechoslovakia Citation: “Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP on the situation in Czechoslovakia,” August 21, 1968, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, ANIC, CC RCP, Chancellery, File No. 133/1968, ff. 2-4. Translated by Delia Razdolescu http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/110454 Summary: Summary of the meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC RCP, on the situation in Czechoslovakia. The Romanian leadership decides to publically express its astonishment at the actions of the five Warsaw Pact member states participating in the invasion of Czechoslovakia. Original Language: Romanian Contents: English Translation Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP, on the situation in Czechoslovakia Participants in the meeting, comrades: Nicolae Ceasescu, Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Gheorghe Apostol, Alexandru Bârladeanu, Emil Bodnaras, Chivu Stoica, Paul Niculescu-Mizil, Virgil Trofin, Ilie Verdet, Maxim Berghianu, Florian Danalache, Constantin Dragan, Ianos Fazekas, Leonte Rautu, Vasile Vâlcu, Stefan Voitec, Iosif Banc, Petre Blajovici, Dumitru Coliu, Mihai Gere, Petre Lupu, Manea Manescu, Dumitru Popa, Dumitru Popescu, Gheorghe Stoica. Invited to participate in the meeting, comrades: Mihai Dalea, Vasile Patilinet. The meeting opens at 6:30 a.m. AGENDA:
    [Show full text]
  • Absurdistan Refacut Cu Headere Ultimul.P65
    Dorin Tudoran (n. 30 iunie 1945, Timi[oara). Absolvent al Facult\]ii de Limb\ [i Literatur\ Român\ a Universit\]ii din Bucure[ti, pro- mo]ia 1968. Este Senior Director, pentru Comunicare [i Cercetare, membru al conducerii executive a Funda]iei Interna]ionale IFES, Washington D.C., Statele Unite, [i redactor-[ef al revistei democracy at large. C\r]i de poezie: Mic tratat de glorie (1973), C`ntec de trecut Akheronul (1975), O zi `n natur\ (1977), Uneori, plutirea (1977), Respira]ie artificial\ (1978), Pasaj de pietoni (1978), Semne particulare (antologie, 1979), De bun\ voie, autobiografia mea (1986), Ultimul turnir (antologie, 1992), Optional Future (1988), Viitorul Facultativ/Optional Future (1999), T`n\rul Ulise (antologie, 2000). C\r]i de publicistic\: Martori oculari (`n colaborare cu Eugen Seceleanu, 1976), Biografia debuturilor (1978), Nostalgii intacte (1982), Adaptarea la realitate (1982), Frost or Fear? On the Condition of the Romanian Intelectual (traducere [i prefa]\ de Vladimir Tism\neanu, 1988), Onoarea de a `n]elege (antologie, 1998), Kakistokra]ia (1998). Pentru unele dintre c\r]ile sale, autorul a primit Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor (1973, 1977, 1998), Marele Premiu al Asocia]iilor Scriitorilor Profesioni[ti ASPRO (1998), Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor din Republica Moldova (1998), Premiul revistei Cuv`ntul Superlativele anului (1998). I s-a decernat un Premiu Special al Uniunii Scriitorilor (1992) [i este laureatul Premiului ALA pe anul 2001. www.polirom.ro © 2006 by Editura POLIROM Editura POLIROM Ia[i, B-dul Carol I nr. 4, P.O. BOX 266, 700506 Bucure[ti, B-dul I.C. Br\tianu nr. 6, et.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP, on the Situation in Czechoslovakia
    Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (PHP) April 2004 Romania and the Warsaw Pact, 1955–1989 www.isn.ethz.ch/php Edited by Dennis Deletant, Mihail E. Ionescu and Anna Locher ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Protocol No. 5 of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP, on the Situation in Czechoslovakia Bucharest, 21 August 1968 Participants in the meeting, comrades: Nicolae Ceasescu, Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Gheorghe Apostol, Alexandru Bârladeanu, Emil Bodnaras, Chivu Stoica, Paul Niculescu-Mizil, Virgil Trofin, Ilie Verdet, Maxim Berghianu, Florian Danalache, Constantin Dragan, Ianos Fazekas, Leonte Rautu, Vasile Vâlcu, Stefan Voitec, Iosif Banc, Petre Blajovici, Dumitru Coliu, Mihai Gere, Petre Lupu, Manea Manescu, Dumitru Popa, Dumitru Popescu, Gheorghe Stoica. Invited to participate in the meeting, comrades: Mihai Dalea, Vasile Patilinet. The meeting opens at 6:30 a.m. AGENDA: The situation created after the penetration of the armed forces of certain socialist countries into the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Upon listening to Comrade Nicolae Ceausescu's briefing on the very serious situation created after the penetration in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic - without the knowledge and approval of that country's Party and State bodies, of the armed forces of the URSS, the Polish People's Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria and the German Democratic Republic - the Executive Committee of the CC of the RCP, decides as follows: • The Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania shall address a note to the five socialist countries whose troops occupied Czechoslovakia and express its concern about and disapproval of this act, the fact that it does not share at all the views stated in the TASS Communiqué, alleging that a counter-revolutionary situation was obtaining in Czechoslovakia which might have justified a military intervention.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of the Administrator S.A.I
    ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATOR S.A.I. MUNTENIA INVEST S.A. ON SIF MUNTENIA S.A.’S ACTIVITY IN 2020 Prepared in accordance with Law no. 24/2017 on issuers of financial instruments and market operations, Law 74/2015 on managers of alternative investment funds, FSA Regulations no. 5/2018 regarding the issuers of financial instruments and market operations, the Bucharest Stock Exchange Code - Regulated Market Operator - and Rule no. 39/2015 for the approval of the Accounting Regulations compliant with the International Financial Reporting Standards, applicable to entities authorized, regulated and supervised by the Financial Supervisory Authority in the Financial Instruments and Investments Sector Reporting date: 31.12.2020 GENERAL INFORMATION Societatea de Investiții Financiare Muntenia S.A. (hereinafter reffered to as “SIF COMPANY NAME Muntenia” or “The Company”) • Tax Identification Code 3168735 • Trade Register Number J40/27499/1992 REGISTRATIONS • LEI Code 2549007DHG4WLBMAAO98 • FSA Register number PJR09SIIR/400005 78,464,520.10 lei – subscribed and paid-up share capital SHARE CAPITAL 784,645,201 – issued shares, under circulation 0.1 lei – nominal value CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHARES Common, nominative, indivisible, dematerialized REGULATED MARKET ON WHICH Bucharest Stock Exchange, main segment, premium tier, SIF4 symbol THE SECURITIES ISSUED ARE TRADED The main field of activity is, according to the classification of activities in the national economy (CANE): financial intermediation except insurance and pension fund activities (CANE code 64), and the main object of activity is: Mutual funds and other similar financial entities (CANE code 6430): • making financial investments in order to maximize the value of its own MAIN ACTIVITY shares, in accordance with the regulations in force; • managing the investment portfolio and exercising all the rights associated with the instruments in which it is invested; • risk management • other ancillary and adjacent activities, in accordance with the regulations in force.
    [Show full text]
  • Endc Proceedings 12/2009
    ENDC PROCEEDINGS 12/2009 ■ ENGLISH SUMMARIES 3 ESTONIAN NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE CULTURAL, PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES SERIES ■ SERIES EDITORS: ANDRES SAUMETS AND ALAR KILP VOLUME 1: RELIGION AND POLITICS IN MULTICULTURAL EUROPE: PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Proceedings 12/2009 EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Andres Saumets (Estonia) EDITORIAL BOARD: Ken Kalling (Estonia) Alar Kilp (Estonia) Peeter Kukk (Estonia) Rain Liivoja (Finland) Enno Mõts (Estonia) Erik Männik (Estonia) Andreas Pawlas (Germany) Claus Freiherr von Rosen (Germany) Volker Stümke (Germany) LANGUAGE EDITORS: Reet Hendrikson (Estonia) Karen Kuldnokk (Estonia) Epp Leete (Estonia) Roy Lowthian (United Kingdom) EDITORIAL COUNCIL: Aarne Ermus (Estonia) Wilfried Gerhard (Germany) Rudolf Hamann (Germany) Jakob Kübarsepp (Estonia) Ants Laaneots (Estonia) Raul Mälk (Estonia) Ago Pajur (Estonia) Eric Allan Sibul (USA) Villu Tamul (Estonia) Peeter Tulviste (Estonia) Matti Turtola (Finland) ISSN 1736–0242 ISBN 978–9985–9513–7–8 Copyright: Estonian National Defence College, 2009 Tartu University Press www.tyk.ee CONTENTS ■ FOREWORD ............................................................................................ 9 RELIGION AND POLITICS IN MULTICULTURAL EUROPE Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets ................................................................ 13 1. Theoretical Considerations .................................................................. 18 1.1. Culture .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community, Place, and Cultural Battles: Associational Life in Central Italy, 1945-1968
    Community, Place, and Cultural Battles: Associational Life in Central Italy, 1945-1968 Laura J. Hornbake Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 2013 Laura J. Hornbake This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. ABSTRACT Community, Place, and Cultural Battles: Associational Life in Central Italy, 1945-1968 Laura J. Hornbake This dissertation is an exploration of associational life in central Italy, an examination of organizations that were central to the everyday experience of tens of thousands of Italians at a time when social, economic and geographical transformations were upending their everyday lives, 1945-1968. This dissertation examines facets of these transformations: the changing shape of cities, increasing mobility of people, technological changes that made possible new media and new cultural forms, from the perspective of local associations. The many lively groups, the cultural circles and case del popolo of central Italy were critical sites where members encountered new ideas, navigated social change, and experimented with alternative cultures. At the same time, these organizations themselves were being transformed from unitary centers that expressed the broad solidarity of the anti-fascist Resistance to loose federations of fragmentary single-interest groups. They were tangles of intertwined politics, culture, and community, important sites in culture
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]