Fred Crane - 1927-2011

International Jew’s Harp SocietyIn his own words & Tributes Page 1

Introduction For how long have you been working on the Jew‟s The news that Fred Crane had died didn‘t come as too harp? much of a surprise, Fred had been suffering from I got serious about it about that time, about 1980. At that Parkinson‘s for many years. None the less, all of us who time this was the first serial publication journal knew him were very sad at his shuffling off this mortal magazine on the Jew‘s harp. After that time many others coil. When the news was passed on to the members of came along. Most of them died rather quickly, but a few the International Jew‘s Harp Society, many members produced very excellent material. There‘s a Japanese wanted to express their appreciation of a life dedicated journal produced by Leo Tadagawa, came out in nine to our musical instrument. This, then, is not just a tribute issues and it‘s in Japanese, of course. Rather sooner it to someone who could genuinely claim to have been a turned out that I was going to do everything – was going key figure in dragging an underrated musical instrument to collect everything. I find out that other people have from almost obscurity, but a celebration of the life of an larger collections than I do, so I‘m jealous! For instance enthusiast. there‘s one of a man I‘ve not yet met but will meet next month who has over 2,000 Jew‘s harps in his collection. My thanks to everyone who have contributed, I have probably 500, not that very many. I work mostly particularly to Fred‘s wife, Lois, who has sent me a with publications, with books, information I could find lifetime of photographs that show just how far Fred‘s in books. Since I established the first international influence spread congress in Iowa City in 1984, I‘ve got to know many of the other people in the movement: players, makers, other Fred Crane: researchers and so forth. There‘s 60, 80 100 people very In his own words: A life devoted to the Jew’s harp dedicated to the instrument and ten or twelve outstanding players, marvellous players. The equivalent „About the Jew‟s Harp‟ by Frederick Crane, of Ekvister(?) Rachmaninoff – any of the great classical Professor of History of Music, USA. Interviewed by instruments. Catherine le Maignan, Hungary 2005 (transcript of a film by Catherine le Maignan) Can you talk about your book where you collected I‘m Fred Crane. I come from Iowa in the United States. I many representations of the instrument? was brought up 50 km from the Mississippi river – Mark For a long time I kept a list of paintings – all kinds of Twain Country. Eventually became a professor at the representations of the instrument. The earliest one in University of Iowa, where I taught the history of music. Europe is from 1353. It‘s an interesting thing. It‘s a When I was a student I did a paper one time on the Jew‘s picture of a Jew‘s harp and the seal of one Johanus harp / guimbarde / maultrommel – it has a thousand Trumpii, because ‗trumpii‘ is the old Swiss / German different names. I didn‘t do much with it at that time. name for the Jew‘s harp. Ever since that time there are The story I tell is that I shut myself up in the library for more and more pictures that turn up. My history is two months and didn‘t come out again until I‘d found limited to pictures in Europe and America. But it‘s a everything i could find on the Jew‘s harp. May not be large field – a large number of instruments turn up in quite that way, but its how I remember it. Since then I different places. It‘s hard to generalise, but there are have continued to gather material, but it wasn‘t until prints, paintings, sculptures, drawings, all kinds of media several years later that I learned really to play the were used to depict the instrument. In the earlier instrument – not very well, but to play it. I‘m not at all centuries – 14th-15th maybe the 16th century – the one of the great players. instrument is obviously highly regarded. It‘s played by adults; it‘s played by an angel, playing for the Virgin What were your first musical researches about? Mary and the child Jesus, very reverent surroundings – The history of music; mediaeval music; music in Iowa; clearly regarded highly. Then as time goes along you music in America, but I‘ve tried to drop all of these can see by the pictures that there were people who did topics and just work on the Jew‘s harp. It was in 1982 not regard the instrument highly. They regarded it as a that I began publishing my journal, which has the name, kind of toy or silly instrument that has nothing to do I‘m sure you‘ll want to record it for posterity: with music. That attitude still persists to some extent. Vierundzwanzigsteljahrsschrift der Internationalen First turns up in about 1500, after that time more and Maultrommelvirtuosengenossenschaft or VIM for short. more of the pictures use the instrument in a satirical fashion – make fun of it, or use it to make fun of people who play it.

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In the Middle Ages, who was playing the instrument? him on the head in a cartoon there is a ―Boing!‖ and all Maybe they were commoner at that time, but a lot of kinds of ―Boioings!‖, depending on what‘s going on. musical angels play it. In the more realistic pictures it The Jew‘s harp is a very useful instrument for this has always been a folk instrument. One of the earliest starting in about 1930. Then it was used in Westerns, pictures, a beautiful miniature, shows two shepherds out simply because the instrument was known in the old in the middle of their flocks. One is playing on a flute; West. And it appears in dramas even, comedies of the other is playing a giant Jew‘s harp. So it already course, but also dramas. So people have seen it in the suggests it‘s associated with country people; the movies, also in American television advertising it populous; not the upper classes. On the other hand appears very often. If there‘s a country, folksy sort of excavations have found them in monasteries, in castles, setting and you may hear the instrument. So it‘s never so somebody was laying them if not the actual nobility – gone out of the public‘s consciousness entirely. You somebody was doing it. could always buy them in America. First time I came to Europe I looked for it. People had never heard of the Do you know why there were many found in the well name of the instrument in their own language. of a courtyard in “Le Louvre” in Paris? ―Guimbarde, what is that?‖ The theory is, and I think it is intended to be humorous, that seven of these Jew‘s harps were found in the Is there a revival of the instrument? courtyard of Le Louvre, that they had a group that went The traditional music revival itself discovered the around playing on seven instruments at the same time instrument. The hippies found it in about the 1960‘s – it and that they were all thrown – people and instruments – became a popular hippie instrument in America and in into that Peu(?). Murdered. A strong reaction to the Europe as well. Even introduced into places like Greece instrument, but that may not be true. I think it is a joke... who‘d never had it before, never known historically in Greece, but there were a few Greek hippies that played it. For lots of people the Jew‟s harp is not a musical In general, it of course then became about in the 1980‘s instrument. What do you think? there became a regular Jew‘s harp movement in which it Oh, it‘s a remarkable musical instrument. It is extremely became, with a somewhat limited number of great versatile; it has just one basic tone, but it plays all the enthusiasts like myself, but with people who are very overtones of that through the series – the harmonic series, well known to each other now, it became a thing to the bugle tones, the sounds that are played by a natural which you could devote your life and devote a great deal trumpet without valves (sings harmonic scale) The tones of your activities. So I guess there‘s about 60-80-100 get closer together as you go up and eventually you get who meet regularly, who come together at international to a point where you can play a fairly normal scale and congresses; who know each other and who are all very you can play all kinds of tunes into it. It is an instrument devoted to it. There have been now four international into which you can play traditional music, that sound congresses. They don‘t occur nearly as often as we like tunes to anybody, or you can play all kinds of your would like – there have been four and there will be own invention, or which may be appropriate for all kinds another one next year in Amsterdam (held 2006). But of music. I call it ―the original synthesizer‖, because like there have been many national groups that have been an electronic synthesizer, you can do almost anything founded and which have regular congresses or festivals, with it. to which there are often international attendees – some of the well-known people like Spiridon Shishigin from What can you tell us about the Jew‟s harp in the Siberia has come very often to Europe and performed, United States? and joined in the national meetings. So even the national In Europe the instrument sort of died out – most people ones have an international aspect all the time. These think it was the harmonica that did it, a kind of an easier national ones are founded in Austria; Germany – Berlin instrument to play a tune on, and that was invented in specifically; the United States; Norway is very strong on the mid-19th century, After that time it tended to die out the instrument – its another place where it didn‘t fully in Europe. Only in the mountains of Switzerland, Italy, die out in Norway. Now just this fall, two new countries Southern Germany did the tradition of playing it keep up. have joined the movement in this sense that they are But in America it never went out of some popularity. having congresses or festivals. The first one is in Everybody knew what it was for a long time. Of course Kecskemet, which is the home of one of the great it appears in many, many movies, cartoons, ―Boing!‖ makers of the instrument, Zoltan Szilagyi, and of his two whenever somebody runs into a wall or something hits sons who are also very devoted to it, particularly Aron

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Szilagyi, who is one of the handful of great players. So What about the Soul of the instrument and your link they have decided to put on a festival this year – a one to it? day festival, but they got a very stellar group of people It is an instrument that draws fanatics It draws great to come for it. We‘re going now next to Sicily, which is enthusiasts. Other instruments don‘t do this. Do you another home for the instrument, the Marranzanu, and know any fanatics for the piano? No. It‘s probably they are putting on their first festival at the end of because of the irrationality of the whole thing. You have October. people who are fanatics who devote their lives to the world is flat, but nobody devotes his life to the world is What will be your intervention this afternoon during round, that‘s simply a fact. So we are fanatics of that sort. the festival? We believe greatly in what we are doing with the In my own case I‗m simply giving a paper on the instrument and would like everybody to understand this. classification of the instrument. There are various ways Other instruments will come and go, but the Jew‘s harp of classifying musical instruments. Basically it‘s wind, has been here for thousands of years. The oldest one is string, drums of various kinds and percussion. There are almost three thousand years old and some people believe technical terms in Greek, and I have my own ideas of it goes back to the Neolithic Era. So it‘s been around for where the instrument should be classified. I disagree a long time, the same basic instrume