The Superb Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 2 Whwhatat Iiss Ththee Nnewew Pphhysiysicscs Scalscalee??

ThThee SuSupeperrBB ExpExpeerriimmeentnt

Steven Robertson Institute of Particle Physics

Canadian Association of Phyicists Congress 2008 Québec City, Québec June 10, 2008 WWhhyy FFlavolavouurr??

Flavour sector contains 20 (22) of 25 (27) parameters of the SM, which are intrinsically connected to EW physics and symmetry breaking

● Tantalizing structure (similarly for lepton sector) which is not predicted by the SM:

B0 → π+π− B0 → ρ+ρ− b → ulν B0B0 mixing Regardless of whether observable * b V u α td V non-SM physics exists at the TeV V * d tb scale, CKM structure hints that V u there is something important that * γ VcdVcb β we don't understand 0 * B → D π B → ψKS

+ 0 + b → clν B → D CP K B → φKS

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 2 WhWhatat iiss ththee NNewew PPhhysiysicscs scalscalee??

● Quantum stabilization of the weak scale suggests

Scale can easily be pushed beyond 1 TeV with moderate fine-tuning

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 3 SSUUSSYY anandd FFlalavvoouurr

MSSM + generic soft-SUSY breaking terms:

● All flavour changing NP effects in squark propogators

NP scale given by SUSY masses:

Flavour violating coupings:

m2 m2 m2 11 12 13 mixing – precision flavour frontier m2  m2 m2 m2  q  ij 21 22 23 2 2 2 m31 m32 m33 masses – energy frontier

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 4 EffEffectiectiveve ththeoeorryy apappprrooacachh

Effective flavour-violating couplings

In explicit models: New Physics scale

● Λ ~ mass of virtual particles

(e.g. Fermi theory.: mW)

● C ~ (loop coupling) x (flavour coupling) Increasing (e.g. SM/MFV: αw x CKM) luminosity

Precision flavour measurements provide bounds on ratio C / Λ i.e. constrain coupling strengths at any given mass scale

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 5 PresePresenntt FFllavoavouurr CCoonnttrraiainnttss

E.g. Model independent parameterization of New Physics NP SM contributions to B mixing amplitudes: 2iφ d QΔB2 QΔB2 Cqe  SM QΔB2 Sensitivity (MFV) ~200GeV

1034 luminosity gives measureable effects if NP is at the EW scale BABAR/Belle purpose: “test SM mechanism for CP violation”

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 6 SuSuppererBB SSenensisititivivityty

E.g. Model independent parameterization of New Physics NP SM contributions to B mixing amplitudes: 2iφ d QΔB2 QΔB2 Cqe  SM QΔB2

SuperB Sensitivity (MFV) ~1TeV

1036 luminosity gives measureable effects if NP is at the TeV scale SuperB purpose: search for and study NP effects in flavour

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 7 SuSuppererBB SSenensisititivivityty

Using SM values Using current central values of CKM measurements: of CKM measurements:

1036 luminosity gives measureable effects if NP is at the TeV scale

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 8 ToTowarwarddss aa nnoo-l-loosese ththeoeorruum.m.....

Assuming the LHC observes New Physics:

● Study flavour structure of NP using precision flavour studies

2 2 2 m11 m12 m13 2 2 2 2 mq  m m m q   ij 21 22 23 qi  j q qi j 2 2 2 2 m31 m32 m33 (mq )23(13)

Squark/slepton mass matrix sensitive to SUSY breaking mechanism, hence complementary information helps to clarify the NP scenario

If the LHC does not (immediately) observe New Physics:

● Precision flavour studies may point to NP scale δbq

● Might even provide first observation of identifiable NP Λeff

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 9 TThhee SSuuppeerrBB ProProjjectect

● SuperB is a 1036 luminosity e+e- asymmetric energy collider (7 GeV on 4 GeV at the ϒ(4S) resonance) with the capability to operate from charm threshold to the ϒ(5S)

● Proposed to be hosted by the INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) in Italy

● Accelerator concept based on an ultra low emittance design exploiting the ILC damping ring lattice and ILC final focus

● Comparitively low beam currents and clean experimental environment ● Reuse of (esssentially all) PEP-II magnets and RF

● Detector concept based on extensive reuse of BABAR experiment components, including software where appropriate

⇒ Target datasample: 75ab-1 (approximately 100x present world BB data sample)

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 10 AA BBrriiefef SSuuppererBB HHiiststooryry

● 2001: First concept for a SLAC-based high luminosity B factory presented at Snowmass 2001 ● 2001-2004: KEK high lumi B-factory workshops (6) ● 2003: 1036 workshops in 2003 – proceedings in SLAC-R-709 ● Focus on physics case ● 2004: KEKB proposal for upgrades to KEKB machine that could reach 5x1035 (KEK Report 2004-4) ● 2004-2005: 1st&2nd Joint SuperB Workshops in Hawaii ● First presentation of low-emittance, low beam currrent concept:

● Manageable backgrounds, 1036 feasible with affordable power demands

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 11 RRecenecentt HHiistostorryy

● 2005: International SuperB Study Group formed

● study physics case, machine, detector

● 2006: Invitation from INFN for a submission of a Conceptual Design Report:

● refinements of machine design - efforts at SLAC and INFN to develop realistic concept; detector conceptual design

● International Steering Committee established (M.A. Giorgi chair)

● members from Canada (M. Roney, D. Asner), France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, UK, US

● Completion of CDR at 5th SuperB Workshop in May 2007 (Paris)

● 2008: Formation of Machine Advisory Committee (J.Dorfan chair)

● 2008: Positive recommedation by International Review Committee to proceed towards a Technical Design Report...

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 12 Special dedicated meeting to answer the IRC questions on physics and to sharpen the physics case a r X i v : 0 709 .04

51 49 authors ~24 institutions [h e p -ex]

3 Chapters : Physics Case Detector ● Significant contributions by the Machine Canadian community to both the 320 signatures 444 pages physics case and the detector ~80 institutions description

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 13 TThhee IRIRCC RRepepoorrtt

● External review of SuperB proposal requested by INFN to evaluate all aspects of the project (accelerator, detector and physics reach)

● Initial report released last month:

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 14 SSuuppererBB AAcccelcelereratatoorr ParParamametetererss

Design based on recycling of PEP-II hardware: dipoles, quadrupoles, sextupoles and RF system

Design includes longitudinal polarization for e- beam

Beam currents below 2A for luminosity up to 2x1036 cm-2s-1

Ultra low emittance lattice: inspired by ILC Damping Rings

Horizontal crossing angle and crab waist scheme minimize beam blow-up and maximize luminosity

Total ring power is lower than PEP-II

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 15 LLattattiicece llayoayouutt aanndd PPEEPP--IIII rreueusese

L (m) 0.45 5.4 Total length 1800 m mag m Dipoles PEP HER - 194 20 PEP LER 194 -

Available SBF HER - 130

Needed SBF LER 224 18 SBF Total 224 148 Quad. Needed 30 0

Lmag (m) 0.56 0.73 0.43 0.7 0.4 PEP HER 202 82 - - - PEP LER - - 353 - - SBF HER 165 108 - 2 2 SBF LER 88 108 165 2 2 280 m SBF Total 253 216 165 4 4 Needed 51* 134 0 4 4

● All PEP-II magnets are used, dimensions and fields are in range,

● RF requirements are met by the present PEP-II RF system

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 16 CCrarabb WaiWaistst CCoonncepceptt

● Large crossing-angle scheme elliminates parasitic bunch crossings, but introduces beam-beam betatron coupling resonances Crab sextupoles Courtesy of OFF E. Paoloni

waist line is orthogonal to the axis of one bunch

Crab sextupoles ON

waist moves to the axis of other beam

All particles from both beams collide in the minimum βy region, with a net luminosity gain

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 17 DDAAΦΦNNEE CCrrabab WaiWaistst TTestest

Test of Crab waist concept recently performed at LNF for the DAΦNE accelerator upgrade ● Crab sextupoles are working nicely and results are in good agreement with simulation: e rat red Bhabha u s https ://agenda.infn.it/materialDisplay.py?materialId=0&confId=501 Mea

Crab sextupoles off Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 18 PrProoppoosedsed SSiitete

● Tor Vertaga site located on the Roma II university campus near the Frascati laboratory

● Green-field site, but civil construction and infrastructure support anticipated for SPARX FEL project beginning this year

● Siesmic and geological studies complete ● Interest (and funding support) from regional government ● Strong support from INFN

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 19 ToTorr VerVerggatataa SSiittee

SPARX SuperB Ring (about 1800m)

SuperB Injector (about 400m) Roman Villa 100m

SuperB Main Building

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 20 EExpxpereriimmenentaltal AArreaea

● Initial concept for layout of SuperB experimental area now available

● civil construction could begin as soon as next year: significant cost savings if coupled to SPARX construction

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 21 SSuuppererBB DDetetectectoorr

Detector concept based on reuse of BABAR components with replacement/upgrades to ensure “SuperB” physics performance

DIRC CsI(Tl) barrel quartz calorimeter and bars support structure

Super- Muon conducting system solenoid iron/flux return (?)

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 22 SSuuppererBB DDetetectectoorr

Detector concept based on reuse of BABAR components with replacement/upgrades to ensure “SuperB” physics performance Silicon L(Y)SO crystal pixel forward endcap vertex calorimeter tracker

Backward Forward endcap PID calorimeter

Compact Improved DIRC muon readout detector

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 23 SSiilliicoconn VerVertextex DDetetectoectorr

● Reduced boost (compared with BABAR) requires improved vertex resolution to obtain same performance

● Small beampipe (1.5cm radius), better single-hit resolution

● Basic R&D for CMOS MAPS in progress (most challenging option for first detector layer):

● Optimization of the Deep NWell MAPS pixel S/N ~ 25 with low power consumption APSEL4D - Fe55 5.9 keV calibration peak APSEL4D - 32x128 pixels 50 µm pixel pitch

APSEL4D – Sr90 test Fired pixel map with threshodl @ ½ MIP Good uniformity (the source was positioned on the left Preliminary test encouraging: side of the matrix Good sensitivity to e- from Sr90 and Fe55 source

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 24 CCalaloorriimmeeterter anandd FFoorrwwarardd PPIIDD

CsI(Tl) barrel EM calorimeter can be retained in SuperB with minor modifications but the forward endcap must be replaced

● LYSO (lutetium yttrium orthosilicate): Faster decay time, smaller Molière radius, shorter radiation length, radiation hard ● More compact crystals, leaving space for a forward PID system

Two options being considered for forward PID:

● TOF ● Focusing RICH: three layer aerogel array (nmax =1.07) with 3mm pixels

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 25 RRearear EEnnddcapcap CCaalloorriimetermeter

Backward calorimetry needed to improve detector hermeticity for inclusive/missing energy studies

● resolution doesn't have to be great, but at least “veto” capability ● severe space constraints from DCH electronics and DIRC readout system

Pb/scintillating tile device using SiPM readout, built as two D's to fit within the DIRC tunnel

● 12 X0, with 0.5 X0 sampling

● Energy resolution ~15%/E (GeV)

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 26 SSuuppererBB PhPhysiysicscs RReacheach

● Physics case has been (exhaustively) explored in a series of workshops leading up to the SuperB CDR and the subsequent Valencia Workshop proceedings (no reference yet available)

● Rich program of B, charm and τ physics, plus additionally exotic states and spectroscopy The Discovery Potential of a Super B Factory (Slac-R-709, hep-ph/0503261) Physics at Super B Factory (hep-ex/0406071) Complementarity with LHC has been studied in the CERN workshop Flavour Physics in the era of LHC . (M.Mangano,T.Hurth to be published soon as CERN yellow report)

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 27 B Physics @ U(4S) Charm mixing and CP

Charm FCNC

τ Physics Bs Physics @ U(5S)

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 28 SSuuppererBB PhPhysiysicscs RReacheach

● Physics case has been (exhaustively) explored in a series of workshops leading up to the SuperB CDR and the subsequent Valencia Workshop proceedings (no reference yet available)

● Identification of specific “golden modes” ● NP sensitivity studied in the context of “SPS” points which are used as benchmarks for the LHC Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 29 GGoollddenen momoddeess

● Very difficult question for SuperB, since NP evidence would likely arise from interplay between many measurements... From Valencia report

X The GOLDEN channel for the given scenario O NXot the GOLDEN channel for the given NP scenario but can show experimentally measurable deviations from SM.

● None of these are expected to be accessible from measurements at hadron colliders

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 30 ExExampampllee:: LLepeptotonniicc BB ddecaysecays

Higgs-mediated NP in MFV at large tanβ

2ab-1 10ab-1

2ab-1

MH~0.4-0.8 TeV for tanβ~30-60

tan β What a signal would looktan lβike with M =350GeV 75ab-1 H SuperB -75ab-1

MH~1.2-2.5 TeV for tanβ~30-60

tan β

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 31 MMFFV:V: SSnnoowwmassmass PPooiinnttss mSUGRA benchmark points for LHC No flavour structure defined (MFV)

SPS4 is already ruled out by present values of Βsγ.

SPS1a is the least favorable for flavour, but SuperB and only SuperB can observe ~2σ deviations in several observables

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 32 NNPP inin sisinn22ββ iinn “s“s-p-penengguuiinns”s”

 W Many channels can be measured with ΔS~(0.01-0.04) b s ϕ t s SuperB 0 B d s d d K0 ~ g ~ ~ b b s s d δ 23 LR (*) theoretical limited Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 33 HHooww mumuchch ddatataa iiss ttoooo mmuuchch??

Determination of coupling [in this case : (δ13)LL] with 10 ab-1 and 75 ab-1 L L LL ) ) 13 13 δ δ ( ( Im Im

SM SM

Re (δ13)LL Re (δ13)LL Importance of having very large sample >75ab-1

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 34 ττ LLepeptotonn ffllavoavouurr vivioollatiatioonn

LFV from CKM Lepton MFV GUT models LFV from PMNS

SO(10) MSSM LFV from CKM 1 0 7

B LFV from PMNS R

( τ SuperB

µ γ  Very important order of magnitude 10-8  10-9 Complementarity with µ  e γ

-13 M1/2 MEG sensitivity µeγ ~10

LFV 5σ disc

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 35 PPrroospspectectss

Support for SuperB project has been growing rapidly over the past few years:

● Physics case is solid – strong support from theory community ● Still substantial challenges for the accelerator, but no show-stoppers ● Polical developments in Italy, Europe and North America all appear favourable Significant Canadian involvement recently in the SuperB project, in particular the CDR and Valencia documents

● Potential for detector and accelerator R&D over next few years

⇒ Need to build a Canadian community in anticipation of the submission of a first NSERC project request this fall For more information about the SuperB project, visit www.pi.infn.it/SuperB

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 36 BBackackuupp slsliiddeses

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 37 CCananadadiianan PPararttiicicippatatiioonn

● Asner and Roney serve on the SuperB International Steering Committee ● Three members of IPP community (Asner, Robertson, Roney) were awarded an SRO to fund attendance at SuperB meetings & enables participation in proto-collaboration ● Seven members of the IPP community have signed the CDR (Asner, Hearty, Kowalewski, McKenna, Patel, Robertson, Roney) – represent interest at Carleton, McGill, UBC, UVic ● other members of Canadian community have expressed interest if project goes forward ● Canadian interests to focus on potential hardware projects ● Assuming international partners continue the current trajectory – anticipate submitting R&D request in 2008 ● Begin exploring potential role of TRIUMF (5-year plan)

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 38 CCananadadiianan CCoonnttextext

● Strong tradition of Canadian engagement in flavour physics: ARGUS, CLEO, OPAL, BABAR, CDF + many theorists ● Reflected in IPP Submission to Subatomic Physics Long Range Planning: foresaw support for Canadian participation in an international high-luminosity B-factory ● Subatomic Physics Long Range plan “recommends as a high priority: Maintenance of a diversity of research efforts, allowing the community to exploit new opportunities and novel ideas as they arise.” ● The development of the 1036 SuperB flavour factory using ILC FF and DR concepts occurred subsequent to the LRP process and represents the type of new opportunity foreseen by the community in its LRP priority list ● TRIUMF 5 year plan – awating final report

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 39 P5P5 RRepepoorrtt ((MMayay 2929tthh 202008)08)

● “The intermediate budget scenario would allow in addition pursuing significant participation in one overseas next-generation B factory”

●

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 40 IInnterternnatatioionnalal RReveviiew(s)ew(s)

INFN IRC Members RECFA Committee setup • John Dainton – UK/Daresbury, • Tatsuya Nakada chair • Yanis Karyotakis • Jacques Lefrancois – F/Orsay • Frank Linde • Antonio Masiero – I/Padova • Bernhard Spaan • Rolf Heuer – D/ Desy Will join us for the SuperB workshop • Daniel Schulte – CERN - SuperB presented already twice at • Abe Seiden – USA/UCSC ECFA • Young-Kee Kim – USA/FNAL • Hiroaki Aihara – Japan/Tokyo

Also participating in last meeting P5 presentation made in February + Tatsuya Nakada in representation of RECFA + Steve Myers – accel expert

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 41 FFuunnddiinngg momoddelel

● The SuperB budget model still needs to be fully developed. It is based on the following elements (all being negotiated) ● Italian government ad hoc contribution ● Regione Lazio contribution for infrastructure ● INFN regular budget ● EU contribution ● In-kind contribution (PEP-II + Babar elements) ● Partner countries contributions ● Clearly the SuperB project is inherently international and will need to be managed internationally ● Through a dedicated Project Office

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 42 AccAcceleleeratorrator andand sisitete cocoststss

NumbeEDIAr Labor M\&S Rep.Val. WBS Item Unitsmm mm kEuro kEuro 1 Accelerator 5429 3497 191166 126330 1.1 Project management 2112 96 1800 0 1.2 Magnet and support system 666 1199 28965 25380 1.3 Vacuum system 620 520 27600 14200 1.4 RF system 272 304 22300 60000 1.5 Interaction region 370 478 10950 0 1.6 Controls, Diagnostics, Feedback 963 648 12951 8750 1.7 Injection and transport systems 426 252 86600 18000

NumbEDerIA Labor M\&S Rep.Val. WBS Item Unitsmm mm kEuro kEuro 2.0 Site 1424 1660 105700 0 2.1 Site Utilities 820 1040 31700 0 2.2 Tunnel and Support Buildings 604 620 74000 0

Note: site cost estimate not as detailed as other estimates.

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 43 DDetectoretector costcost

EDIA Labor M\&S Rep.Val. WBS Item mm mm kEuro kEuro 1 SuperB detector 3391 1873 40747 46471 1.0 Interaction region 10 4 210 0 1.1 Tracker (SVT + L0 MAPS) 248 348 5615 0 1.1.1 SVT 142 317 4380 0 1.1.2 L0 Striplet option 23 33 324 0 1.1.3 L0 MAPS option 106 32 1235 0 1.2 DCH 113 104 2862 0 1.3 PID (DIRC Pixilated PMTs + TOF) 110 222 7953 6728 1.3.1 DIRC barrel - Pixilated PMTs 78 152 4527 6728 1.3.1 DIRC barrel - Focusing DIRC 92 179 6959 6728 1.3.2 Forward TOF 32 70 3426 0 1.4 EMC 136 222 10095 30120 1.4.1 Barrel EMC 20 5 171 30120 1.4.2 Forward EMC 73 152 6828 0 1.4.3 Backward EMC 42 65 3096 0 1.5 IFR (scintillator) 56 54 1268 0 1.6 Magnet 87 47 1545 9623 1.7 Electronics 286 213 5565 0 1.8 Online computing 1272 34 1624 0 1.9 Installation and integration 353 624 3830 0 1.A Project Management 720 0 180 0 Note: options in italics are not summed. We chose to sum the options we considered most likely/necessary. Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 44 ScheduleSchedule

● Overall schedule dominated by: ● Site construction ● PEP-II/Babar disassembly, transport, and reassembly ● We consider possible to reach the commissioning phase after 5 years from T0.

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 45 Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 46 MSSM+generic soft SUSY breaking terms New Physics contribution Flavour-changing NP effects in the squark propagator (2-3 families) ~  NP scale SUSY mass g

 flavour-violating coupling ~ ~ b b s s d δ 23 LR |δ23 |LR In the red regions the δ 1 are measured with a significance >3σ away from zero

10-1 = (0.026 ± 0.005) |δ23 |LR

o Arg(δ23)LR=(44.5± 2.6) 10-2

1 10 mgluino (TeV)

1 TeV

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 47 SFF is also a τ factory  golden measurement LFV

Further improvements if polarized beams.

Very important order of magnitude 10-8  10-9 Complementarity with µ  e γ

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 48 ττ LLepeptotonn ffllavoavouurr vivioollatiatioonn

LFV 5σ disc

MVF-NP extentions : µeγ alos vanish s130 CMSSM : µeγ vanish at all SPS points τµγ is independent.

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 49 Charm Physics

Charm physics using the charm produced at Υ(4S) Consider that running 4 month at threshold Charm physics at threshold 0.3 ab-1 we will collect 1000 times the stat. of CLEO-C ~ 10 times of futire BESIII

Strong dynamics and CKM measurements @threshold(4GeV) ξ~1%, D decay form factor and decay constant @ 1% exclusive Vub ~ few % Dalitz structure useful for γ measurement syst. error on γ from Dalitz Model <1o

Rare decays FCNC down to 10-8 D mixing

Better studied using the high statistics collected at Υ(4S) ) V old(4Ge sh e r th @

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment CPSte Vveniolat Rionober in tsomixin,n gI nsticoultuted no wof add Parresticlesed Physics 50 CP Violation in charm NOW

SuperB

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 51 Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 52 m 500

m 600

SPARX 1st stage SuperB SPARX LINAC future

SupSupeerrBB ffootootprpriintnt onon TorTor VerVergagatata ssiittee Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 53 TThhee SSuuppererBB CCDDRR Drop Page Fields Here “Conceptual Design Report” (450 pp), March 2007 INFN/AE-07/2,SLAC-R-856, LAL 07-15, arXiv:0709.Sig045nature1s [brhep-eakdowenx] by country www.pi.infn.it/SuperB/?q=CDR

200 pages on Accelerator Australia, 1 • 320 CDR signatures Canada, 7 Signatures France, 21 • 85 Institutions Country Germany, 11 • 239 Experimentalists USA, 70 Australia Israel, 2 Canada France Experimentalists Theorists Germany 75% 13% Israel Italy Accelerator Japan physicists UK, 24 Norway 12% ROC Switzerland, 4 Russia Slovenia Spain, 12 Italy, 137 Spain Slovenia, 5 Switzerland Russia, 18 UK Participants ROC, 3 USA Norway, 1 Countries Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 54 Japan, 4 Signatures breakdown by type

Drop Series Fields Here ScaScalilingng aann EExxisistingting B-B-ffaactctoryory MaMacchihinnee

(10341036cm-2s-1) increase in luminosity possible from extrapolation of requirements from existing machines à la SuperKeKB

• Parameters: ● higher currents ● smaller damping time ● shorter bunches ● crab collision ● higher disruption ● higher power

● Operational issues: ● Increased wall power ($$$..) >100MW ● high currents ● short bunches ● high machine backgrounds: explosion of backgrounds in detector

● Partially ameliorated with new IP scheme of large crossing angle and crab waist ● Effective limitation around 5x1035cm-2s-1

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 55 CuCurrrrentent StatuStatuss:: CCDDRR babaseselineline MMaacchinehine

● Present parameter set based on ILC damping ring-like parameters: 3.0km long rings sudied with ILC OCS (baseline) lattice scaled to 4 and 7GeV ● same DR emittances ● same DR bunch length ● 1.5 times DR bunch charges ● Same ILC-IP betas ● Crossing angle and “crab waist” to maximize luminosity and minimize blowup ● to be tested late 2007 on DAFNE ● Use PEP-KEK DR damping time 17ms ● fewer and lower field wigglers used ● Final Focus (ILC-like) included ● Design based on re-use of all PEP-II hardware, Bends, Quads and Sexts and RF system ● very significant in-kind contribution ● Maximize lumi but keep low ΔE and wall power ● Total power: 35MW, as in PEP-II ● Simulations performed using different code at a number of different labs: ● LNF, BINP, KEK, LAL, CERN

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 56 CuCurrrrentent StatuStatuss:: CCDDRR babaseselineline MMaacchinehine

PEPII KEKB SuperB current 2.5 A 1.7 A 2.3 A betay 10 mm 6 mm 0.3 mm betax 400 mm 300 mm 20 mm Emity (sigmay) 23 nm (~100µm) ~ the same (~80µ 1,6 nm m) (~6µm) y/x coupling 0,5-1 % 0.1 % 0,25 % (sigma y) (~6µm) (~3µm) (0,035µm) Bunch length 10 mm 6 mm 6 mm Tau l/t 16/32 msec ~ the same 16/32 msec ζy 0.07 0.1 0.16 L 1.2 1034 1.7 1034 1 1036

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 57 TThhee RRiinnggss

• HER, 7 GeV and LER, 4 GeV, same length and similar lattice ● Horizontal crossing angle at the IP and “crab waist” are used to maximize luminosity and minimize beam size blow-up ● Ultra low emittance lattice: inspired by ILC Damping Rings ● Circumference fits in the Tor Vergata campus site ● No “emittance” wigglers used in Phase 1 ● Beam currents below 2 A for a luminosity up to 2x1036 cm-2s-1 ● Design based on recycling all PEP-II hardware: dipoles, quadrupoles, sextupoles, RF system, and possibly vacuum system (saving a lot of money) • Longitudinal polarization for e- is included ● Maximized luminosity while keeping low wall power: – Total rings power: 17 MW, lower than PEP-II

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 58 Crossing angle concepts Overlapping Both cases have the same luminosity, region (2) has longer bunch and smaller σx

● With large crossing angle X and Z

Sz● quantities are swapped 1) Standard short bunches Overlapping region

Sx 2) Crossing angle

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 59 x CCrrabab WaiWaistst CCoonncepceptt

βY e+ P.Raimundi e- 2Sx/θ

θ 2Sz*θ z

2Sz 2Sx

Crab waist removes beam-beam betratron coupling resonances introduced by the crossing angle Vertical waist has to be a function of x: Crabbed waist realized with a sextupole in phase with the IP in X and at / 2 in Y For a fixed longitudinal position, y does not depend on the horizontal motion anymore: No vertical modulation due to horizontal oscillations

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 60 MMaacchhineine PPaararammeeteterrss ((ssliglighhttlyly ddififffeererentnt ffrroomm CDR)CDR)

150m needed for Baseline Polarization

LEB HEB

Circumference in CDR was 2200 m Asymmetric bunch size to optimize beam lifetime (Toushek effect)

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 61 Two approaches to achieve high luminosity

● To increase Luminosity of ~ two orders of magnitude bordeline parameters are needed, such as (KEKB): ● Very high currents ● Smaller damping times Difficult and costly ● Shorter bunches (avoid hourglass) operation (HOM, RF ● Crab cavities for head-on collision power, backgrounds) ● Higher power

• SuperB exploits an alternative approach, with a new IP scheme (P.Raimondi, LNF): ● Small beams (ILC-DR like)  Tough to achieve ● Large Piwinski angle and “crab waist” transformation ● Currents comparable to present Factories

Both require status-of-the-art technology

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 62 SSuupperBerB apappprrooachach

• Ultra-low emittance • Small collision area (ILC-DR like) • Lower β is possible • Very small β at IP

• Large crossing angle • NO parasitic crossings

● “Crab Waist” scheme ● NO synchro-betatron resonances due to crossing angle

Test at DAΦNE now !!!

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 63 ComparisonComparison ooff SuperBSuperB toto SuSupeper-KEKBr-KEKB

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 64 IP layout, “Siamese twins QD0”

• QD0 is common to HER and LER, with axis displaced toward incoming beams to reduce synchrotron radiation fan on SVT • Dipolar component due to off-axis QD0 induces, as in all crossing angle geometries, an over-bending of low energy out coming particles eventually hitting the pipe or detector • New QD0 design based on SC “helical-type” windings

Jun 8, 2008 S. TheBet toniSupe (rBCERN) Expe,r i mE.e ntPaoloni (PStisa),even S. R Betobertoni’stson, tIalnstik ttuteomorrow of Particle Physics 65 Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 66 Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 67 ThThee SSupeuperBrB ProcessProcess www.pi.infn.it/SuperB

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a e , e n S a r i y p m s a n E s r U o d m u r e , s o S S S n o y e y n N i o l e i t l C F u t g t C r U U o U c a K a , t Φ a a y y g t a , R , , s i l a t p A l t G I U i I n M n A , a a , C S n F i C C L , r m t , a P t - y y e a D , r a I F A S I A A l y s F r d e l m l a N B t , , , M P e u i i e N L L L I r u N o a e a a r t c p t t e b S S S L V n A A B L N o b p S i C I n S s d m , p , , , , F l F t , e h e t F t , e o l p u p p p p s B r t a E B p a C a F C w o N a R S r o o d o r u r o a e e k I e E N p n e E , o e e h h i r a V r h r h i h t S D t t o s t s g r s o s o p s p v o L t r s h , e e t t h g g k k k k e t n U u , a u k a g r r t w i - i s r r r r n t g r t y S S d d R d s t i n k n o r o s r o o w o e n e e t l i e e a D g l l r o i a t o t t t e e e e a g h a t t a W t g o W e W W e t p W n n r & s e r n a n n a n e i t n m e e a a i l r e o i C o B r B R W o B t s B o s e M r B t t J i i i m e i e r r r b e r r t t e C t r l t l m a r e A r 8 t e e s e r e r e u e e B a a e a r s o 0 R n B p p r p c w p p p p c e c t M i p n C I n r n l i N c c A e u u c u u M o r r r i u e s R e R e d p e S R R R d F R J e S S S e n A A t S p I c y t n t t i d n h d u t h h t D h t c e E t D D D C t t h s n u r s t s 2 n n n 2 I S 2 I I S 3 1 4 5 I A D M 1 2 C C C C 2 1 P C 1 9 11 3 4 6 9 11 121 5 5 7 7 9 11 121 2 3 4 4 6 7 Month .. 2005 2006 2007 2008 (Courtesy of M. Biagini) Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 68 TThhee FFllavoavouurr ProProbbllemem

Loosely stated, generic New Physics would imply observable effects which are are inconsistent with experiment unless either the New Physics scale is high (e.g. 1-0-100TeV) or the (loop x flavour) couplings are small

● F=2 processes occur at the loop level, thus could receive O(1) NP corrections but effects > ~20% are excluded NP < 1 TeV

● suppression of flavour violating couplings required in all sectors possibly pointing to MFV. SUSY can stabilize the Fermi scale with mild fine-tuning If 1< NP < 10-100 TeV

● suppression of flavour violating couplings needed in sector 1-2 only. No indication of MFV. SUSY can still stabilize the Fermi scale with moderate fine-tuning

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 69 ΔΔFF==22 ppararameamettereriizatzatiioonn

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 70 CCoompmparariisosonn wwiitthh LLHHCCbb

5ab-1 50ab-1 LHCb 2fb-1 (c.2010)

From T. Iijima, 2005 Hawaii SuperB Workshop, Physics at Super B Factory (hep-ex/0406071) Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 71 ProgreProgressss iinn simulationsimulation

● Development of both fast (parametrized) and full (Geant4) simulation programs started. • Reuse Babar code where possible Geant4 Model (cylindrical) – Remove dependencies from private Babar code to allow redistribution to outside Babar – Principle approved by Babar council – work on technical issues ongoing – Use more modern approach to geometry description (GDML, developed for LHC) • Fast simulation targeted at physics benchmarking • Geant4 simulation targeted at backgrounds

E. Paoloni, M.Rama

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 72 SuSuperBperB-IFR-IFR:: ddeteteectctiionon effeffiiciciencyency R. Calabrese

Present baseline configuration:

scintillator: 1.5cm thick with 1.5 p.e. Cut embedded hole Fiber: One Saint-Gobain BCF- 92 pedestal 1.0 mm diameter Readout: Geiger mode APDs from 2 p.e. Hamamatsu and IRST-FBK 1 p.e. adc channels

• Average number of p.e.: ~ 9 at ADC spectrum for MPPC fiber 350 cm long maximum distance (~4m)

• Efficiency better that 95% e f ph

Fiber Kuraray T11- 300 ppm shows o r higher light yield but slower time e b response m nu ge

Tests on scintillator with surface era groove instead of embedded hole are Av under wMaayy 31, 2008 F.Forti - Detector Status 73 Distance from photodetector (cm) LYLYSSOO anandd CCSSII

Jun 8, 2008 The SuperB Experiment Steven Robertson, Institute of Particle Physics 74