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The Belle-II Experiment at Superkekb Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i The Belle-II Experiment at SuperKEKB Gary S. Varner University of Hawai’i at Manoa Boston (Cambridge), July 26, 2011 Luminosity at the B Factories Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i Fantastic performance much beyond design values! Need O(100x) more data Next generation B-factories Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i SuperKEKB + SuperB 40 times higher luminosity KEKB PEP-II Asymmetric B factories Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i √s=10.58 GeV + - B e e z ~ c Υ(4s) B Υ(4s) B ~ 200m BaBar p(e-)=9 GeV p(e+)=3.1 GeV =0.56 Belle p(e-)=8 GeV p(e+)=3.5 GeV =0.42 Belle II p(e-)=7 GeV p(e+)=4 GeV =0.28 Full Reconstruction Method Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i • Fully reconstruct one of the B’s to – Tag B flavor/charge – Determine B momentum – Exclude decay products of one B from further analysis Decays of interest B BXu l , BK e e+(3.5GeV) (8GeV) BD, Υ(4S) B full reconstruction BD etc. (~0.5%) Offline B meson beam! Powerful tool for B decays with neutrinos “Super” B Factory motivation Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i For details on physics opportunities: See Kay Kinoshita talk 17:20 B factories is SM with CKM right? Thursday, July 28 – Section 5I Super B factories How is the SM wrong? Need much more data (two orders!) because the SM worked so well until now Super B factory e+e- machines running at (or near) Y(4s) will have considerable advantages in several classes of measurements, and will be complementary in many more to LHCb and BESIII Recent update of the physics reach with 50 ab-1 (75 ab-1): Physics at Super B Factory (Belle II authors + guests) hep-ex > arXiv:1002 .5012 SuperB Progress Reports: Physics (SuperB authors + guests) hep-ex > arXiv:1008.1541 TSUKUBA Area (Belle) High Energy Ring (HER) for Electron HER LER How to do it? Interaction Region Low Energy Ring (LER) for Positron Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i F R RF ER RF upgrade KEKB and Belle RF NIKKO Area OHO Area WIGGLER RF RF WIGGLER (TRISTAN Accumulation Ring) e HER + /e Electron Positron - LER Linac RF RF FUJI Area 7 Strategies for increasing luminosity Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i - - (1) Smaller * y “Nano-Beam” scheme (2) Increase beam currents (3) Increase y Collision with very small spot-size beams Invented by Pantaleo Raimondi for SuperB 8 KEKB to SuperKEKB Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i Belle II Co lliding b unch es New IR e- 2.6 A New superconducting New beam pipe /permanent final focusing & bellows e+ 36A3.6 A quads near the IP Replace short dipoles with longer ones (LER) Add / modify RF systems for higher beam current Low emittance positrons to inject Positron source Damping ring Redesign the lattices of HER & New positron target / LER to squeeze the emittance capture section Support Nano-beams TiN-coated beam pipe Low emittance gun with antechambers Low emittance electrons to inject 9 To get x40 higher luminosity Machine design parameters Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i KEKB SuperKEKB parameters units LER HER LER HER Beam energy Eb 353.5 8 4 7 GVGeV Half crossing angle φ 11 41.5 mrad Horizontal emittance εx 18 24 323.2 434.3-464.6 nm Emittance ratio κ 0.88 0.66 0.27 0.25 % * * Beta functions at IP βx /βy 1200/5.9 32/0.27 25/0.31 mm Beam currents Ib 1.64 1.19 3.60 2.60 A beam-beam parameter ξy 0.129 0.090 0.0886 0.0830 Luminosity L 212.1 x 1034 8108 x 1035 cm-2s-1 • Small beam size & high current to increase luminosity • Large crossing angle • Change beam energies to solve the problem of LER short lifetime Peak luminosity Integrated luminosity --22 --11 --11 (cm s ) (ab ) SuperKEKB SuperKEKB luminosity profile We arehere We for upgrade Shutdown We will reach 50ab will We in 2021 Goals ofBelleII/ in late 2014. Commissioning starts of BelleII/SuperKEKB luminosity profile Year SuperKEKB --1 20 days/month 9 months/year 1 months/year Y. Ohnishi Y. days/month profile Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i Requirements for the Belle II detector Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i BELLE Critical issues at L= 8 x 1035/cm2/sec Higgg(her background ( 10-20) - radiation damage and occupancy - fake hits and pile-up noise in the EM Calorimeter Higher event rate ( 10) - higher rate trigger, DAQ and 10 cm computing BELLE Special features required -low p identification s recon. eff. - hermeticity “reconstruction” Resulflt: significant upgra de 10 cm Belle II detector upgrade Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i CsI(Tl) EM calorimeter: 7.4 m RPC m & KL counter: waveform sampling scintillator + Si-PM electronics, pure CsI for end-caps for end-caps 4 layers DS Si Vertex Detector → 2 layers PXD (DEPFET), 505.0 m 4 layers DSSD Time-of-Flight, Aerogel Cherenkov Counter → CtlDiftChbCentral Drift Chamber: Time-of-PiPropagation counter smaller cell size, (barrel), long lever arm prox. focusing Aerogel RICH (forward) Belle II Collaboration Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i 15 countries, ~60 institutions ~400 collaborators Belle II web page: TDR http://b2comp.kek.jp/~twiki/pub/Organization/B2TDR/B2TDR.pdf Belle II in comparison with Belle Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i SVD: 4 DSSD lyrs 2 DEPFET lyrs + 4 DSSD lyrs CDC: small cell, long lever arm ACC+TOF TOP+A‐RICH ECL: waveform sampling, pure CsI for end‐caps Parameters are preliminary KLM: RPC Scintillator +SiPM (end‐caps) Interaction Region Design Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i 16 Detector Performance Improvements Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i • Many sub-detector upgrades targeted to handling higher trigger, event and background rates • DEPFET Pixel sensors (PXD) for the two innermost silicon vertexing layers (L1+L2) • Advanced particle identification detectors • Waveform sampling, multi-event buffering, upgraded data acquisition: data rates to disk comparable to LHC experiments DEPFET pixels for Belle II Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i radius pixel thickness Layer 1 r = 14mm 50x50m2 75m(0.18%X0) Layer 2 r = 22mm 50x75m2 75m total of 8 M pixels Mechanical mockup Power consumption in sensitive area: 0.1W/cm² => air-cooling sufficient Expected vertexing improvement Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i b a p sin Pixel detector closer ]] ]] to the beam pipe Less Coulomb m scattering m [ [ Belle Belle II’ Belle II 3/2 psin() [GeV/c] 5/2 0 1.0 2.0 0 1.0 2.0 psin() [GeV/c] Closest approach Z-resolution 19 Particle Endcap PID: Aerogel RICH (ARICH) 200mm Identification Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i Barrel PID: Time of Propagation Counter (TOP) Quartz radiator Aerogel radiator FiFocusing m irror n~1.05 Small expansion block Hamamatsu HAPD Hamamatsu MCP-PMT (measure t, x and y) + new ASIC Aerogel rad iat or HHAPDdHamamatsu HAPD + readout 200 Expected PID improvement Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i ficiency ff K e • 2 GeV/c • 3 GeV/c • 4 GeV/c • 2 GeV/c • 3 GeV/c • 4 GeV/c ke rate aa f Belle PID iTOP only (no dE/dx) 21 Expected Performance (Luminosity gain) Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i No upgrade Upgrade BAD GOOD FWD ACC dE/dx As good as A- BRL only only Belle RICH TOF, Completely No upgrade –74% –69% –68% –62% BAD dE/dx NA different game TOF NA –41% –35% –32% –22% with excellent As good PID detectors as Belle –10% –4% 0% (definition) +12% Upgra GOO D d e iTOP +45% +51% +60% +83% Ex ample mode: 22 Construction Schedule of SuperKEKB/Belle II Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 Linac e+ new matching & L-band acc. R&D Construction e+ beam commissioning RF-gun &l& laser sys tem A1 gallery extension move Design study to A1 Commissioning at test stand e- beam commissioning Damping Ring Facilities Tunnel construction Building DR Components R&D, Design construction commissioning Mass Fabrication Installation Main Ring Facilities Building construction Components R&D, Design MR Mass Fabrication commissioning Installation BEAST II Belle II Detector Ad-hoc detector for MR commissioning R&D Mass Production Construction Ready to Roll-in Itllti(KLM)Installation (KLM) Itllti(EInstallation (E-cap) Belle roll-out Installation (Barrel) in Dec. 2010 Cosmic Ray Test 23 Deconstructing to start Belle II upgrade Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i Early November 2010: extracted the SVD2 – vertex detector Belle Detector Roll-out: Dec. 9, 2010 EdEnd-caps, CDC, B-ACC, TOF extract ion: by en d o f Jan. 2011 Ready for new construction to start… The Earthquake Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i M22 bolts!! As is well known, Japan suffered a terrible earthquake and tsunami on March 11, which has caused tremendous damage, especially in the Tohoku area. Fortunately, all KEK personnel and users were safe. The injection linac did suffer significant but manageable damage, and repairs are underway. The damage to the KEKB main rings appears to be less serious, though non-negligible. No serious damage has been reported so far at Belle. Further investigation is necessary. We would like to convey our deep appreciation to everyone for your generous expressions of concern and encouragement. KEKB/Belle status Gary S. Varner, Hawai’i Fortunately enough: • KEKB stopped operation in July 2010, and the low energy ring was to a large extent disassembled • Belle was rolled out its parked position The 1400 tons of Belle moved by ~6cm (most probably by 20cm in one direction, and 14cm back)... We are checking the functionality of the Belle spectrometer (in particular the CsI calorimeter), so far checks out OK in LED and cosmic ray tests The lab (Tsukuba campus) has to a large extent recovered from the earthqq,uake, back to normal op eration – veryyp little impact on the u pgrade schedule Summary Gary S.
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