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Home , Henry Highland Garnet

B6 BLACK HISTORY MONTH FEBRUARY 5 – FEBRUARY 11, 2016 TOJ

What’s your B.H.I.Q.?

BY ELI SANDERS (Black history intelligence quotient) The Seattle Times True or false: discovered decades before the experiment Black History Month began with historian Carter G. ended. Woodson, who early in the last century came up with the 10.When the United States’ founding fathers idea for a “Negro History Week,” which he envisioned as a 12. The holiday was created by black wrote “all men are created equal,” they meant activist and scholar Maulana Karenga in 1966. celebration of black history and achievement, as well as a black slaves, too. time for education. In 1926, with the support of the Association for the Study 13.Participants in the of Negro Life and History, the first “Negro History Week” 11. In the “Tuskegee Experiment,” the United included Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes, Zora was held during the second week in February. The timing States monitored 399 black men with syphilis Neale Hurston and Claude McKay. was meant to honor the birthdays of abolitionist Frederick for 40 years to see what would happen to them Douglass and President Lincoln. Over the years, the event — even though the men were never told they 14. The historically black college Howard grew in popularity, and in the early 1970s, the association had syphilis and a cure for the disease was University is located in Atlanta. (which later changed its name, replacing the word “Negro” with “Afro-American”) expanded the celebration and re- named it “Black History Month.” 15.Match the following black with their ideas: Now, in keeping with Woodson’s idea of focusing on black history and education, we offer this Black History Month A. “It is not integration that the Rock cries out to us today, quiz: Negroes in America want, it is ■ Martin Luther King Jr. you/may stand upon me/But do human dignity.” ■ W.E.B. Du Bois not hide your face.” ■ B. “I have a dream that one day 1.The founder of the was: ■ Booker T. Washington G. Wrote the poem, “Harlem,” a) Elijah Muhammad. this nation will rise up and live ■ Maya Angelou out the true meaning of its creed: a passage from which reads: b) Elijah Wood. ■ Zora Neale Hurston ‘We hold these truths to be self- ■ Langston Hughes “What happens to a dream c) Ralph Ellison. evident, that all men are created ■ Marcus Garvey deferred?/Does it dry up/like a equal.’” raisin in the sun?/Or fester like a 2. was: sore — /And then run? ... Maybe a) A prominent black thinker and architect of the Marshall C. Encouraged black people Washington apologizes for it just sags/like a heavy load./Or Plan. to pick themselves up by their injustice, does not rightly value does it explode?” b) The first black Supreme Court justice. “bootstraps” and said: “In all the privilege and duty of voting, c) A Harlem Renaissance writer. things that are purely social, we belittles the emasculating effects H. “I do not belong to the can be as separate as the fingers, of caste distinctions, and opposes 3. Negro League pitcher Satchel Paige played with which yet one as the hand in all things the higher training and ambitions sobbing school of Negrohood famous band leader? essential to mutual progress.” of our brighter minds ... we must who hold that nature somehow a) Benny Goodman. unceasingly and firmly oppose has given them a lowdown dirty b) Duke Ellington. D.Wanted to start a colony of (him).” deal and whose feelings are all c) Louis Armstrong. black Americans in and F. Read the poem, “On the hurt about it. Even in the helter- said: “There shall be no solution Pulse of Morning” at President skelter skirmish that is my life, 4. Which amendment to the Constitution guaranteed black to this race problem until you Clinton’s inauguration: “You, I have seen that the world is to yourselves strike the blow for created only a little lower than/ people (and all citizens) equal protection under the law? the strong regardless of a little a) The 15th. liberty.” The angels, have crouched too long in/The bruising darkness/ pigmentation more or less. No, I b) The 26th. do not weep at the world — I am c) The 14th. E. Wrote “The Souls of Black Have lain too long/Face down in Folk” and said of Booker T. ignorance./Your mouths spilling too busy sharpening my oyster Washington: “(When) Mr. words/Armed for slaughter./And knife.” 5. Black people, women and people ages 18 to 21 have all been kept from voting at some point in the history of the United States. In what order were these groups given the right to vote? a) Black men, then women, then people 18 to 21. ANSWERS: 1. A; 2. B; 3. C; 4. C; 5. b) People 18 to 21, then black men, then women. A; 6. B; 7. B; 8. B; 9. A. c)Women, then black men, then people 18 to 21. 10. False. When this country was founded, black slaves were not considered equal. In fact, the 6. What landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision struck down government counted each slave the idea of “” schools for black people and as only three-fifths of a person. whites? 11. True. Years after the a) Plessy v. Ferguson. experiment, modest cash b) Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kan. payments were given to survivors c) University of California v. Bakke. and their families. And in 1997, President Clinton issued a formal 7. The incarceration rates for black people in America have apology, saying the experiment long been decried as a reflection of a biased justice system. was “racist” and “profoundly, morally wrong.” At the end of 2000, what percentage of all black males in the ILLUSTRATIONS BY RON CODDINGTON/MCT United States ages 25 to 29 was in prison? (For comparison, the 12. True. Karenga wanted answer is 2.9 percent for all Hispanic males in that age group, 1. Jesse Owens: Olympic 11. Granville T. Woods: to “give a black alternative athlete Inventor to the existing holiday.” At and 1.1 percent for all white males.) the center of Kwanzaa are its 2. Harriet Beecher Stowe: 12. Henry Highland Garnet: a) 5.6 percent. seven principles, which are b) 9.7 percent. Author of “Uncle Tom’s Abolitionist represented by seven candles: c) 24.3 percent. Cabin” 13. : umoja (unity), kujichagulia (self- 3. Joe Louis: Athlete Abolitionist determination), ujima (collective 8. The holiday commemorates the day in 1865 4. Hiram R. Revels: First black 14. Martin Luther King Jr.: work and responsibility), ujaama when: U.S. senator Civil (cooperative economics), a) Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation 5. Abraham Lincoln: rights leader nia (purpose), kuumba (creativity) and imani (faith). Proclamation, thus freeing slaves. President 15. Thurgood Marshall: b)Word reached Texas that Lincoln had signed the 13. True. when slaves were freed Supreme Court justice Emancipation Proclamation. 14. False. Howard University is 6. Marcus Garvey: Back to 16. Sojourner Truth: c) Lincoln declared war with the South over the issue of located in Washington, D.C. slavery. Africa movement leader Abolitionist 15. A. Malcolm X. 7. John Brown: Abolitionist 17. Elijah J. McCoy: Inventor; B. Martin Luther King Jr. 8. : “The Real McCoy” C. Booker T. Washington. 9. Former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the first D. Marcus Garvey. Abolitionist 18. : Civil rights secretarygeneral from sub-Saharan Africa, is from what E. W.E.B. Du Bois. country? 9. Booker T. Washington: leader F. Maya Angelou. a) Ghana. Educator 19. Marian Anderson: Singer G. Langston Hughes. b) South Africa. 10. Duke Ellington: Musician 20. Barbara Jordan: Politician H. Zora Neale Hurston. c) Nigeria.