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Mesidotea Entomon Class: Malacostraca Order: Lsopoda

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Mesidotea Entomon Class: Malacostraca Order: Lsopoda Phylum: Anthropoda, Crustacea Mesidotea entomon Class: Malacostraca Order: lsopoda, A large idoteid isopod Family: Chaetiliidae Taxonomy: There is confusion regarding the have short telsons and derived (“long-tailed”) proper genus name for this species groups with long telsons. Valviferan (Mesidotea entomon or Saduria entomon, see (including the Chaetiliidae) isopods have an International Commission of Zoological elongated telson (Figs. 1, 4) (Fig. 73, Ricketts Nomenclature (ICZN) 1963, 1964; Rafi and and Calvin 1952). Mesidotea entomon Laubitz 1990). Mesidotea was described by individuals are ovate, flattened with broad Richardson in 1905 but Saduria, described by anterior, tapering to a narrow posterior Adams in 1852, is the oldest available name extremity (Richardson 1905). and was determined to be the appropriate Cephalon: Anterior deeply excavate, lateral name by the ICZN (1964), while Mesidotea margins notched into two sub-lobes (Schultz was listed as an unaccepted junior synonym. 1969). The anterior lobe is rounded, while the However, many authors still recognize posterior is acute and does not extend Richardson’s genus or indicate both names, beyond the anterior one (Fig. 1) (Richardson including the most recent intertidal guide for 1905). First thoracic segment fused with the northeastern Pacific, which we follow with head (Isopoda, Brusca et al. 2007). M. entomon (Brusca et al. 2007). Readers Rostrum: should note, however, that use of Saduria Eyes: Dorsal eyes are small, round, entomon is just as common and may replace distinct, compound (Richardson 1905) and set M. entomon in the near future. at base of lateral cleft of head (Fig. 1). Antenna 1: Small and with four Description articles. The basal article is enlarged and Size: One of the largest crustaceans in the twice as wide as article two. In length, the Baltic Sea and large size is typical of this first antenna reaches the fourth peduncle genus (Richardson 1905). Northwest article of the second antenna (Fig. 1). specimens about 40 mm in length (Hatch Antenna 2: The second antenna is 1947). The illustrated specimen, a young with multiarticulate flagellum (Richardson mature male from the Columbia River estuary, 1905) and the peduncle consists of five was 43 mm in length (Fig. 1). Arctic males articles, the fifth being longest and the first can be to 95 mm (11 grams) and females 79 flagellum article is also quite long. (7 grams) mm (McCrimmon and Bray 1962). Mouthparts: Well developed for Color: Light brown, mottled and with small chewing and biting (Idoteidae, Schultz 1969). black chromatophores. Maxilliped palp with five articles (Schultz General Morphology: Isopod bodies are 1969) (Fig.2) and mandible with molar dorso-ventrally flattened and can be divided process and without palp (not figured). into a compact cephalon, with eyes, two Pereon: Body elongate and depressed with antennae and mouthparts, and a pereon thorax composed of seven segments (Fig. 1) (thorax) with eight segments, each bearing (Brusca et al. 2007). similar pereopods (hence the name “iso- Pereonites: Pereon with seven pod”). Posterior to the pereon is the pleon, or segments that are all free, subequal and abdomen, with six segments, the last of which sculptured (ldoteidae, Miller 1975). Distinct is fused with the telson (the pleotelson) (see coxal epimeral sutures are present on somites Plate 231, Brusca et al. 2007). The Isopoda 2–7 (Fig. 1), forming long points (epimeron six can be divided into two groups: ancestral longest, Richardson 1905). (“short-tailed”) groups (i.e. suborders) that Pereopods: Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Mesidotea entomon. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12723 and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] Pleon: Short pleon with five pleonites includes three local families and 34 species: (Brusca et al. 2007). the Chaetiliidae, the Arturidae and the Pleonites: Five pleonites, with Idoteidae (see Idotea resecata and I. anterior four short and a long telson, which is wosnesenskii, this guide). The Arturidae is partly fused with fourth pleonite (Fig. 1). composed of species with narrow but Pleopods: Appendages of the pleon cylindrical bodies, with the anterior four include five respiratory pairs and a single pair pleopods larger and less setose that the of uropods (Brusca et al. 2007). Pleopods posterior three. The Idoteidae is composed are enclosed within operculum (Fig. 4). Male of 22 local species and characteristics of the second pleopods with penial process along group include a dorso-ventrally compressed midline, about 2½ times total pleopod length body, similar pereopods, and seven free (McCrimmon and Bray 1962) (nearly mature pereonites (Brusca et al. 2007). The male, Fig. 5). Idoteidae includes those species with a Uropods: Ventral. Exopod (outer branch) pleon composed of two complete and one forms operculum over pleopods (Fig. 4) incomplete pleonite(s), a maxillipedal palp (Valvifera, Miller 1975), is large, and with two with five articles and one coupling seta, parts – a large upper and a small terminal eyes that are not elongated transversely ramus. The endopod (inner branch) is minute and a large shield-like pleotelson (Brusca et (Schultz 1969) (Fig. 4). al. 2007). Pleotelson: Long, shield-like, pointed and Among the Idotea, I. urotoma, I. with lateral angles on posterior 1/3 (Fig.1) and rufescens, and I. ochotensis have a operculum is clearly visible ventrally (Fig.4). maxilliped palp with four articles (rather than Sexual Dimorphism: Conspicuous sexual five in the remaining eight Idotea species). dimorphism is rare among isopods, but Of the Idotea species with five maxilliped mature males are considerably larger (130– palp articles, I. aculeata, a reddish idoteid, 140% larger) than females in M. entomon has a long projection on its narrowing (Korcznski 1991). Males have a penial pleotelson. It has oval eyes (not reniform), process on pleopod two and modified first long antennae and blunt lateral borders on pleopods, called gonopods (Sadro 2001; the first pleonite. Idotea montereyensis is Boyko and Wolff 2014). Females have leaf- slender and small (up to 16 mm), red, green- like overlapping abdominal oostegites (Fig. 3) brown, or black and white and is found on or comprising a thoracic marsupium. This amongst Phyllospadix species and red conspicuous brood pouch is lost once young algae. It has a rounded telson and with a hatch and the female molts and must develop short projection. Idotea stenops is olive- again for another brood (Haahtela 1978). green to brown, found on brown algae and with narrow eyes, a slender pointed telson, Possible Misidentifications and 2–3 coupling hooks on its maxillipeds, The order Isopoda contains 10,000 species, not one. Idotea schmitti has pleonite one 1/2 of which are marine and comprise 10 with acute lateral borders and an anterior suborders, with eight present from central margin of pereonite one that does not California to Oregon (see Brusca et al. encompass the cephalon. Idotea kirchanskii 2007). Among isopods with elongated is bright green and found on Phyllospadix telsons (with anuses and uropods that are species. It has a rounded telson (lacking a subterminal), there are several families medial projection), oval eyes and the including Flabellifera, Anthuridea, epimera of pereonal somites are visible Gnathiidea, Epicaridea and Valvifera. The dorsally only on segments 5–7. Valvifera are characterized by hinged doors (The following characteristics are from or valves covering the pleopods, well- descriptions of the genus as Saduria, and, developed coxal plates, the absence of thus, we use this name (see Taxonomy) mandibular palps, occasionally fused (Rafi and Laubitz 1990)). Saduria pleonites and males with modified sexual (=Mesidotea) and Idotea species are similar appendages arising from the first pleonite, in that their maxilliped palps have 4–5 rather than the thorax. This suborder articles and their abdomens have 4–5 Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Mesidotea entomon. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. segments. Saduria species can be “glacial relict” as populations in the Baltic are distinguished from other idoteid genera by believed to have been isolated there by their dorsal eyes, most idoteids have glacial advance and recession (Croghan and essentially dorsolateral eyes (see Fig. 1 I. Lockwood 1968; Hagerman and Szaniawska resecata, Fig. 1 I. wosnesenskii). Saduria 1991). species are also very large and occur in Local Distribution: Oregon distribution brackish or fresh water, which is unusual in includes the Columbia River estuary, the family. Furthermore, Saduria species particularly the lower reaches, and Florence have an abdomen with five segments, rather (Hatch 1947). than four in Idotea and uropods are Habitat: Highly variable from marine mud biramous, rather than uniramous in Idotea. bottoms, small bays and inlets, on beaches Furthermore, Saduria species have a buried in sand, and under rocks (Schultz cephalon that is incised laterally, which is not 1969) to freshwater lakes (Hatch 1947). the case in Idotea (Rafi and Laubitz 1990). Least abundant in sand and gravel Mesidotea entomon is the only local (McCrimmon and Bray 1962). Mesidotea species in the family Chaetiliidae, however, entomon is a common species used in toxicity there are only two other northern Pacific testing (e.g. petroleum, Percy 1978; hydrogen species of Saduria. Saduria sibirica is a sulfide, Vismann 1991). small (8.8 mm) Siberian species which Salinity: An effective osmoregulator occurs only as far east as Alaska. It is short (Croghan and Lockwood 1968; Percy 1984; and broad, not long and narrow and its Carey 1991) that is mostly marine, but also thoracic epimera are blunt, not pointed.
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