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Vida Útil, Durabilidade E Obsolescencia De Produtos No PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP WILLIAM CORNETTA A OBSOLESCÊNCIA COMO ARTIFÍCIO USADO PELO FORNECEDOR PARA INDUZIR O CONSUMIDOR A REALIZAR COMPRAS REPETITIVAS DE PRODUTOS E A FRAGILIDADE DO CDC PARA COMBATER ESTA PRÁTICA DOUTORADO EM DIREITO São Paulo 2016 Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Secretaria Acadêmica – Processamento de Dissertações e Teses WILLIAM CORNETTA A OBSOLESCÊNCIA COMO ARTIFÍCIO USADO PELO FORNECEDOR PARA INDUZIR O CONSUMIDOR A REALIZAR COMPRAS REPETITIVAS DE PRODUTOS E A FRAGILIDADE DO CDC PARA COMBATER ESTA PRÁTICA DOUTORADO EM DIREITO Tese apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Direito, sob a orientação da Professora Doutora Suzana Maria Pimenta Catta Preta Federighi. São Paulo 2016 Banca Examinadora: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Dedico este trabalho aos meus queridos pais, suportes e referências constantes, que não mediram esforços para que eu concluísse mais uma etapa na minha vida. Aos meus dois irmãos, Lilian e Luiz, pelo apoio e incentivo que deram para a conclusão deste trabalho. Por fim, e acima de tudo, a minha esposa Juliana, por todo amor, amizade, companheirismo, suporte e paciência durante a minha jornada na PUC e por todo o tempo que estamos juntos. AGRADECIMENTOS À Professora Suzana, por todas as lições de vida, pela sugestão do tema deste trabalho e por todo o suporte durante a pesquisa, e principalmente por tornar possível este passo tão importante. Aos Professores Nelson Nery Júnior, Georges Abboud e Maria Helena Diniz, por terem compartilhado o seu conhecimento. Aos Professores Marcelo Gomes Sodré e Regina Vera Villas Boas, pelos profícuos comentários e recomendações para este trabalho na banca de qualificação. Ao amigo Alessandro Silva, advogado, dos mais brilhantes, dotado de uma personalidade ímpar. Aos meus colegas da PUC/SP, Luiz Afonso, Flavia Orsi Leme e Renato Cury, pelas longas discussões e todo o suporte durante a nossa jornada no mestrado e no doutorado. Agradeço, por fim, à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, por me acolher. “Os antigos egípcios construíram monumentos para durar por gerações sem fins, cerca de tudo que produzimos na América do Norte é feito para quebrar.” (Giles Slade) RESUMO CORNETTA, William. A obsolescência como artifício usado pelo fornecedor para induzir o consumidor a realizar compras repetitivas de produtos e a fragilidade do CDC para combater esta prática. 2016. 186f. Tese (Doutorado em Direito)- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, 2016. O tema pano de fundo deste trabalho é a sociedade de consumo, em especial a obsolescência como técnica aplicada aos produtos. Considerando o contexto de consumo descartável aceito e adotado pela sociedade atual, pretende-se demonstrar que a obsolescência é um artifício utilizado na produção para induzir ao consumo repetitivo e que os mecanismos reparatórios e protetivos previstos no âmbito da legislação consumerista (CDC) são frágeis para defender o consumidor contra essas práticas. Para tanto, será necessário conhecer o artifício da obsolescência na prática e alguns cases que demonstram a sua presença nos produtos colocados no mercado, para, a partir daí, analisar a existência ou não de mecanismos preventivos ou reparatórios no CDC para a proteção do consumidor. Como apoio metodológico, a pesquisa adota como principais instrumentos o raciocínio dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Após a introdução, o referencial que dá suporte ao estudo se desenvolve em sete capítulos, especificamente para: tratar de sociedade de consumo, história, conceito e tipologia da obsolescência, e aplicação do artifício da obsolescência na sociedade segundo a tipologia de Giles Slade (obsolescência técnica, obsolescência psicológica e obsolescência programada); e confrontar cada modalidade de obsolescência com os mecanismos preventivos e reparátorios dispostos no CDC para constatar a existência ou não (fragilidade) de proteção do consumidor nesta seara. O estudo também coteja alguns casos específicos como o caso de Ford vs. General Motors, moda e design, Cartel de Phoebus, associação Windows e Intel, entre outros. Como conclusão, pode-se dizer que a obsolescência é o recurso ou estratégia utilizado por muitos fornecedores para induzir os consumidores a realizar compras repetitivas de produtos motivados por fatores psicológicos, tecnológicos, funcionais ou mercadológicos, e que o CDC não dispõe de mecanismos preventivos ou reparatórios robustos para a defesa do consumidor contra práticas deliberadas de obsolescência programada. Palavras-chave: Direito do consumidor. Sociedade de consumo. Produto. Obsolescência. ABSTRACT CORNETTA, William. The obsolescence as an artifice used by supplier to induce consumer to perform repetive purchases of products and the fragility of Brazilian Consumer to combat this practice. 2016. 186p. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D. in Law)- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, 2016. The background theme of this work is the consumer society, in particular the obsolescence as a technique applied to products. Considering the disposable consumer context accepted and adopted by the current society, we intend to demonstrate that obsolescence is an artifice used in the production to induce repetitive consumption and at the same time the protective and reparatory mechanisms provided for under the Brazilian Consumer Law (“CDC”) are fragile to protect consumers against such practices. Therefore, it must be understood the artifice of obsolescence in practice and some cases will be used to demonstrate their presence in products placed on the market, from there, analyze the existence of preventive or reparatory mechanisms at the CDC for consumer protection. As methodological support, research adopts the main instruments deductive reasoning and the technical literature. After the introduction, the framework that supports the study develops into seven chapters, specifically for: dealing with consumer society, history, concept and typology of obsolescence, and application of device obsolescence in society according to the typology of Giles Slade (obsolescence technical, psychological obsolescence and planned obsolescence); and confront each obsolescence mode with preventive mechanisms and willing reparatory the CDC to establish the existence or not (brittleness) of consumer protection in this endeavor. The study also collates some specific cases such as the case of Ford vs. General Motors, fashion and design, Phoebus Cartel, Windows and Intel Association, among others. In conclusion, it can be said that obsolescence is the resource or strategy used by many providers to induce consumers to perform repetitive purchases of products motivated by psychological factors, technological, functional or mercadológicos, and the CDC has no preventive mechanisms or robust reparatory for consumer protection against deliberate practice of planned obsolescence. Keywords: Consumer law. Consumer society. Product. Obsolescense. RÉSUMÉ CORNETTA, William. Le obsolescence comme un artifice utilisé par le fournisseur pour inciter le consommateur à effectuer des achats répétitifs de produits et de la fragilité du droit des consommateurs pour lutter contre cette pratique. 2016. 186f. Thèse (Docteur en droit). Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, 2016. Le thème de fond de ce travail est la société de consommation, notamment l'obsolescence comme une technique appliquée aux produits. Compte tenu du contexte de consommation jetable acceptée et adoptée par la société actuelle, nous avons l'intention de démontrer que l'obsolescence est un dispositif utilisé dans la production pour induire la consommation répétitive, cette mécanisme réparatrices et protection prévus par la législation brésilien consumériste ("CDC") sommes fragiles à protéger les consommateurs contre de telles pratiques. Par conséquent, vous devez connaître l'artifice de l'obsolescence dans la pratique et certains cas qui démontrent leur présence dans les produits mis sur le marché, à partir de là, d'analyser l'existence de mécanismes de prévention ou réparatrices à la CDC pour la protection des consommateurs. Comme appui méthodologique, la recherche adopte les principaux instruments de raisonnement déductif et la littérature technique. Après l'introduction, le cadre qui prend en charge l'étude se développe en sept chapitres, en particulier pour: faire face à la société de consommation, l'histoire, le concept et la typologie de l'obsolescence et l'application de cette obsolescence sur la société selon la typologie de Giles Slade (obsolescence technique, l'obsolescence psychologique et l'obsolescence programmée); et faire face à chaque mode d'obsolescence et leur mécanismes de prévention et réparatrices prêts CDC pour établir l'existence ou non (friabilité) de protection des consommateurs dans cette mécanisme. L'étude rassemble aussi des cas spécifiques tels que le cas de Ford vs. General Motors, de la mode et du design, Phoebus Cartel, Windows et Intel Association, entre autres. En conclusion, on peut dire que l'obsolescence est la ressource ou la stratégie utilisée par de nombreux fournisseurs pour inciter les consommateurs à effectuer des achats répétitifs de produits motivés par des facteurs psychologiques, technologique, fonctionnelle ou du marchés,
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