DOCSLIB.ORG

A Paraganglioma of the Organ of Zuckerkandl Credits Jia-Hwia Wang*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Paraganglioma of the Organ of Zuckerkandl Credits Jia-Hwia Wang* Urological Science 23 (2012) 13e14 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Urological Science journal homepage: www.urol-sci.com Practical uroradiology q CME A paraganglioma of the organ of Zuckerkandl Credits Jia-Hwia Wang* Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan article info Article history: Received 1 November 2011 Accepted 3 November 2011 Available online 24 January 2012 1. Introduction value, 95w446) pg/mL and high urine norepinephrine of 117.2 (normal value, 10 w 80) mg/24 hour. MRI of the abdomen revealed Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are called paragangliomas. a soft-tissue mass measuring about 3.7 Â 3.3 cm adjacent to the Most of these tumors are located in the abdominal sympathetic bifurcation of the abdominal aorta that showed intermediate ganglia, including the organ of Zuckerkandl adjacent to the signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images, heterogeneous high abdominal aortic bifurcation. Most patients present with parox- SI on T2-weighted images, and intense enhancement on contrast- ysmal hypertension accompanied by headaches, sweating, palpi- enhanced T1-weighted images (Fig. 2), and normal bilateral tations, and facial flushing. A diagnosis can be made if elevated adrenal glands; they were compatible with a paraganglioma of the levels of serum catecholamines and urine vanillylmandelic acid organ of Zuckerkandl. The tumor was surgically excised, and the (VMA) are measured. Detection and localization are essential pathologic report revealed a paraganglioma. After the operation, before surgical resection. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic the patient’s blood pressure returned to normal, and the post- resonance imaging (MRI) have good sensitivity for detecting and operative course was smooth. The patient was discharged, and locating paragangliomas. outpatient clinic follow-up was recommended. 2. Case report A man who was 29 years of age had recently been complaining of headaches and chest tightness. He visited another hospital where his systolic blood pressure measured up to 200 mm Hg. He had also experienced similar episodes a few years previous, which had spontaneously resolved. Serum VMA was checked and found to be 19.81 (normal value, 1.0w7.0) mg/24 hour. CT of the abdomen was done which revealed a heterogeneous intense contrast- enhanced tumor measuring about 4 cm in diameter adjacent to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta (Fig. 1), and normal bilateral adrenal glands; a paraganglioma of the organ of Zuckerkandl was the impression. Then, he visited our hospital, and admission was recommended for surgical excision of this tumor. After admission, a physical examination revealed normal findings except for high blood pressure, while laboratory examinations revealed normal findings except for high serum norepinephrine of 720 (normal * Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Shih Pai Road, Section 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Fig. 1. Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showing a heterogeneous E-mail address: [email protected]. intense contrast-enhanced soft-tissue mass measuring 4 cm in diameter adjacent to q There are 3 CME questions based on this article. the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta (arrow). 1879-5226/$ e see front matter Copyright Ó 2012, Taiwan Urological Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.urols.2011.12.004 14 J.-H. Wang / Urological Science 23 (2012) 13e14 Fig. 2. (A) Axial unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image showing a 3.7 Â 3.3-cm intermediate signal intensity (SI) soft-tissue mass adjacent to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta (arrow); (B) axial unenhanced T2-weighted MR image showing heterogeneous high SI of this soft-tissue mass (arrow); (C) axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR image showing intense contrast enhancement of this soft-tissue mass (arrow). 3. Discussion Conflicts of interest statement Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-releasing tumors of The author declares that he has no financial or non-financial the adrenal medulla. About 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra- conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials dis- adrenal and are called paragangliomas. Paragangliomas can be cussed in the manuscript. found in locations from the carotid body to the pelvic floor, and most of them are located in the abdominal sympathetic ganglia, including the organ of Zuckerkandl adjacent to the abdominal References aortic bifurcation.1 Most patients present with paroxysmal 1. Cryer PE. Pheochromocytoma. West J Med 1992;156:399e407. hypertension accompanied by headaches, sweating, palpitations, 2. Dunnick NR, Korobkin M. Imaging of adrenal incidentalomas: current status. and facial flushing. But approximately 10% of pheochromocytomas Am J Roentgenol 2002;179:559e68. and paragangliomas are incidentally discovered by imaging 3. Baguet JP, Hammer L, Mazzuco TL, Chabre O, Mallion JM, Sturm N, et al. Circumstances of discovery of pheochromocytoma: a retrospective study of 41 examinations that are performed to evaluate patients with unre- consecutive patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;150:681e6. 2,3 lated symptoms. If a pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma is 4. Quint LE, Glazer GM, Francis IR, Shapiro B, Chenevert TL. Pheochromocytoma suspected, a diagnosis can be made by measuring elevated levels and paraganglioma: comparison of MR imaging with CT and I-131 MIBG scintigraphy. Radiology 1987;165:89e93. of serum catecholamines and urine-related metabolites (meta- 5. Hayes WS, Davidson AJ, Grimley PM, Hartman DS. Extraadrenal retroperitoneal nephrines or VMA). Detection and localization are essential before paraganglioma: clinical, pathologic, and CT findings. Am J Roentgenol 1990; surgical resection of a pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. CT 155:1247e50. 6. Francis IR, Korobkin M. Pheochromocytoma. Radiol Clin North Am 1996;34: and MRI have good sensitivity for detecting and locating para- 1101e12. 4e8 gangliomas. Unenhanced CT reveals a well-defined soft-tissue 7. Mannelli M, Ianni L, Cilotti A, Conti A. Pheochromocytoma in Italy: a multi- mass and marked contrast enhancement after intravenous centric retrospective study. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:619e24. administration of iodine-containing contrast medium. On MRI, 8. Sahdev A, Sohaib A, Monson JP, Grossman AB, Chew SL, Reznek RH. CT and MR imaging of unusual locations of extra-adrenal paragangliomas (pheochromo- it is typically seen as a mass lesion with a high signal on cytomas). Eur Radiol 2005;15:85e92. T2-weighted sequences and contrast enhancement on contrast- 9. Falke TH, van Gils AP, van Seters AP, Sandler MP. Magnetic resonance imaging e e enhanced T1-weighted sequences.8 11 Paragangliomas or meta- of functioning paragangliomas. Magnet Reson Q 1990;6:35 64. 10. Bravo EL. Evolving concepts in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment static paragangliomas can be detected by I-123 metaiodobenzyl of pheochromocytoma. Endocr Rev 1994;15:356e68. guanine or 6-[18F]-fluorodopamine positron emitting tomog- 11. Jalil ND, Pattou FN, Combemale F, Chapuis Y, Henry JF, Peix JL, et al. raphy.4,8 A biopsy is not strongly recommended due to the Effectiveness and limits of preoperative imaging studies for the localization of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: a review of 282 cases. French potential for a hypertensive crisis. Treatment is through surgical Association of Surgery (AFC), and The French Association of Endocrine excision. Surgeons (AFCE). Eur J Surg 1998;164:23e8..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Expression Pattern of Delta-Like 1 Homolog in Developing Sympathetic Neurons and Chromaffin Cells
    Published in "Gene Expression Patterns 30: 49–54, 2018" which should be cited to refer to this work. Expression pattern of delta-like 1 homolog in developing sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells ∗ Tehani El Faitwria,b, Katrin Hubera,c, a Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albert-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany b Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya c Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland ABSTRACT Keywords: Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family and an atypical notch Sympathetic neurons ligand that is widely expressed during early mammalian development with putative functions in the regulation Chromaffin cells of cell differentiation and proliferation. During later stages of development, DLK1 is downregulated and becomes DLK1 increasingly restricted to specific cell types, including several types of endocrine cells. DLK1 has been linked to Adrenal gland various tumors and associated with tumor stem cell features. Sympathoadrenal precursors are neural crest de- Organ of Zuckerkandl rived cells that give rise to either sympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system or the endocrine Development ffi Neural crest chroma n cells located in the adrenal medulla or extraadrenal positions. As these cells are the putative cellular Phox2B origin of neuroblastoma, one of the most common malignant tumors in early childhood, their molecular char- acterization is of high clinical importance. In this study we have examined the precise spatiotemporal expression of DLK1 in developing sympathoadrenal cells. We show that DLK1 mRNA is highly expressed in early sympa- thetic neuron progenitors and that its expression depends on the presence of Phox2B.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiotherapy of Malignant Pheochromocytoma—A Case Report
    Case Report Page 1 of 7 Radiotherapy of malignant pheochromocytoma—a case report Chi-Yuan Yeh Department of Radiation Oncology, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Correspondence to: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, No.699, Sec. 8, Taiwan Blvd., Taichung City 435, Taiwan. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are rare tumors with an estimated incidence of 0.4 to 9.5 cases per 1 million per year. About 5–26% of PCC are malignant and presents with metastasis, for which there is currently no effective therapy. The treatment of choice is for PCC is radical surgery to reduce tumor burden, to provide symptomatic relief of catecholamine excess although complete eradication of the lesions is often not feasible. A number of case reports have been published on the role of radiotherapy for the treatment of PCC. Here we present a 53-year-old male stage III malignant PCC patient who received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. A review of current literature is also presented. Keywords: Radiotherapy; pheochromocytoma (PCC); malignant pheochromocytoma; hypertension Received: 12 December 2018; Accepted: 12 August 2019; Published: 27 August 2019. doi: 10.21037/tro.2019.08.02 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tro.2019.08.02 Introduction reaction confirmed PCC. The term PCC was derived from the Greek words Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) phaios (“dusky”), chroma (“color”), and cytoma (“tumor”). are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors that arise from The dark staining reaction of PCC tumor was caused by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic oxidation of intracellular catecholamines when stained with ganglia respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Surgical Indications and Techniques for Adrenalectomy Review
    THE MEDICAL BULLETIN OF SISLI ETFAL HOSPITAL DOI: 10.14744/SEMB.2019.05578 Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp 2020;54(1):8–22 Review Surgical Indications and Techniques for Adrenalectomy Mehmet Uludağ,1 Nurcihan Aygün,1 Adnan İşgör2 1Department of General Surgery, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of General Surgery, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey Abstract Indications for adrenalectomy are malignancy suspicion or malignant tumors, non-functional tumors with the risk of malignancy and functional adrenal tumors. Regardless of the size of functional tumors, they have surgical indications. The hormone-secreting adrenal tumors in which adrenalectomy is indicated are as follows: Cushing’s syndrome, arises from hypersecretion of glucocorticoids produced in fasciculata adrenal cortex, Conn’s syndrome, arises from an hypersecretion of aldosterone produced by glomerulosa adrenal cortex, and Pheochromocytomas that arise from adrenal medulla and produce catecholamines. Sometimes, bilateral adre- nalectomy may be required in Cushing's disease due to pituitary or ectopic ACTH secretion. Adenomas arise from the reticularis layer of the adrenal cortex, which rarely releases too much adrenal androgen and estrogen, may also develop and have an indication for adrenalectomy. Adrenal surgery can be performed by laparoscopic or open technique. Today, laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the gold standard treatment in selected patients. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be performed transperitoneally or retroperitoneoscopi- cally. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. In the selection of the surgery type, the experience and habits of the surgeon are also important, along with the patient’s characteristics. The most common type of surgery performed in the world is laparoscopic transabdominal lateral adrenalectomy, which most surgeons are more familiar with.
    [Show full text]
  • Haemorrhagic Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma
    Yang et al. BMC Surg (2020) 20:304 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-020-00953-y CASE REPORT Open Access Haemorrhagic retroperitoneal paraganglioma initially manifesting as acute abdomen: a rare case report and literature review Yanliang Yang1, Guangzhi Wang2, Haofeng Lu1, Yaqing Liu2, Shili Ning2† and Fuwen Luo2*† Abstract Background: Paragangliomas (PGLs) are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumours arising from extra-adrenal chro- mafn cells. PGLs are clinically rare, difcult to diagnose and usually require surgical intervention. PGLs mostly present catecholamine-related symptoms. We report a case of Acute abdomen as the initial manifestation of haemorrhagic retroperitoneal PGL. There has been only one similar case reported in literature. Case presentation: We present a unique case of a 52-year-old female with acute abdomen induced by haemor- rhagic retroperitoneal PGL. The patient had a 5-h history of sudden onset of serve right lower quadrant abdominal pain radiating to the right fank and right lumbar region. Patient had classic symptoms of acute abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large abdominal mass with a clear boundary. A Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) of superior mesenteric artery was also performed to in the emergency department. The CTA demonstrated a large retro- peritoneal mass measured 9.0 7.3 cm with higher density inside. A provisional diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumour with haemorrhage was made. ×The patient received intravenous fuids, broad-spectrum antibiotics and somatostatin. On the 3rd day of admission, her abdominal pain was slightly relieved, but haemoglobin decreased from 10.9 to 9.4 g/ dL in 12 h suggesting that there might be active bleeding in the abdominal cavity.
    [Show full text]
  • Endocrine System-Full.Docx
    2 Endocrine System In the name of ALLAH, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful brothers and sisters, the "PATHOLOGY TEAM" is proud to present "ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY" . hope that u find it helpful, and hope that u get full marks. thanks to our fans, our team members and, special thanks to those who worked on this project (see credits ^^). plz, give us your prayers. :) credits Done By Revised by ﻣﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻭ thyroid part meshal_s `im lonly & ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻴﺪ adrenal part ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ i`m lonly ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺪﺏ diabetes mellitus part Page stylist : Dafoor Mo3aser Head of Pathology Team …… AZK 3 Endocrine System Hyperthyroidism -Thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated circulating levels of free T3 and T4. -Because thyrotoxicosis is caused most commonly by HYPERFUNCTION of the thyroid gland, it is often referred to as HYPERTHYROIDISM. -In certain conditions the oversupply is related either to excessive release of preformed thyroid hormone (e.g., in thyroiditis) or to an extra-thyroidal source, rather than to hyperfunction of the gland. Table 20-2. Cause of Thyrotoxicosis Associated with Hyperthyroidism PRIMARY Diffuse toxic hyperplasia (Graves disease) Hyperfunctioning ("toxic") multinodular goiter Hyperfunctioning ("toxic") adenoma SECONDARY TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (rare)* Not Associated with Hyperthyroidism Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (painful) Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis (painless) Struma ovarii (ovarian teratoma with thyroid) Factitious thyrotoxicosis (exogenous thyroxine intake) *Associated with increased TSH; all other causes of thyrotoxicosis associated with decreased TSH. TSH, Thyroid-stimulating hormone. The clinical manifestations: Include changes referable to the hypermetabolic state induced by excessive amounts of thyroid hormone as well as those related to overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system.
    [Show full text]
  • Endocrine Pathology
    Endocrine Pathology INTRODUCTION I. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A. Group of glands that maintain body homeostasis B. Functions by release of hormones that travel via blood to distant organs C. "Feedback" mechanisms control hormone release. ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND I. PITUITARY ADENOMA A. Benign tumor of anterior pituitary cells B. May be functional (hormone-producing) or nonfunctional (silent) 1. Nonfunctional tumors often present with mass effect. i. Bitemporal hemianopsia occurs due to compression of the optic chiasm. ii. Hypopituitarism occurs due to compression of normal pituitary tissue. iii. Headache 2. Functional tumors present with features based on the type of hormone produced. C. Prolactinoma presents as galactorrhea and amenorrhea (females) or as decreased libido and headache (males); most common type of pituitary adenoma 1. Treatment is dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine or cabergoline) to suppress prolactin production (shrinks tumor) or surgery for larger lesions. D. Growth hormone cell adenoma 1. Gigantism in children-increased linear bone growth (epiphyses are not fused) 2. Acromegaly in adults 1. Enlarged bones of hands, feet, and jaw ii. Growth of visceral organs leading to dysfunction (e.g., cardiac failure) iii. Enlarged tongue 3. Secondary diabetes mellitus is often present (GH induces liver gluconeogenesis). 4. Diagnosed by elevated GH and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels along with lack of GH suppression by oral glucose 5. Treatment is octreotide (somatostatin analog that suppresses GH release), GH receptor antagonists, or surgery. E. ACTH cell adenomas secrete ACTH leading to Cushing syndrome (see "Adrenal Cortex" below). F. TSH cell, LH-producing, and FSH-producing adenomas occur, but are rare.
    [Show full text]
  • Endocrine Test Selection and Interpretation
    The Quest Diagnostics Manual Endocrinology Test Selection and Interpretation Fourth Edition The Quest Diagnostics Manual Endocrinology Test Selection and Interpretation Fourth Edition Edited by: Delbert A. Fisher, MD Senior Science Officer Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute Professor Emeritus, Pediatrics and Medicine UCLA School of Medicine Consulting Editors: Wael Salameh, MD, FACP Medical Director, Endocrinology/Metabolism Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano, CA Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Richard W. Furlanetto, MD, PhD Medical Director, Endocrinology/Metabolism Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute Chantilly, VA ©2007 Quest Diagnostics Incorporated. All rights reserved. Fourth Edition Printed in the United States of America Quest, Quest Diagnostics, the associated logo, Nichols Institute, and all associated Quest Diagnostics marks are the trademarks of Quest Diagnostics. All third party marks − ®' and ™' − are the property of their respective owners. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, and information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Address inquiries to the Medical Information Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Highway, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690-6130. Previous editions copyrighted in 1996, 1998, and 2004. Re-order # IG1984 Forward Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute has been
    [Show full text]
  • Etiology of Juvenile Hyperthyroidism A
    Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal Volume 9 | Number 3 Article 12 9-1961 Etiology Of Juvenile Hyperthyroidism A. Robert Bauer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Medical Specialties Commons, and the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Bauer, A. Robert (1961) "Etiology Of Juvenile Hyperthyroidism," Henry Ford Hospital Medical Bulletin : Vol. 9 : No. 3 , 424-435. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal/vol9/iss3/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal by an authorized editor of Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ETIOLOGY OF JUVENILE HYPERTHYROIDISM* A. ROBERT BAUER, M.D.** The last two decades have witnessed significant advances in the laboratory diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism in children. Kennedy and his group'-^ have written extensively on this subject, covering all facets with emphasis on the results of surgery. Wilkins, Van Wyk et aP recorded their experiences with thiourea drugs, pointing out that satisfactory results can be obtained in a large percentage of cases when treated for two or three years. Arnold et aP critically evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of the medical approach as compared to surgery. Their conclusions favor the latter as offering equal expectation of "cure" with less impact on the patient and the family. The purpose of this paper is to present a new postulate for the etiology of hyperthyroidism, tabulate data obtained from hospital case records and determine whether the postulate correlates with the data.
    [Show full text]
  • Extra-Adrenal Pheochromocytoma: Diagnosis and Management
    Extra-adrenal Pheochromocytoma: Diagnosis and Management Grant I.S. Disick, MD, and Michael A. Palese, MD Corresponding author resection of a pheochromocytoma was performed by Grant I.S. Disick, MD Department of Urology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Roux in 1926, and Mayo reported the first successful Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY 10029, USA. removal of a paraganglioma that same year [1]. E-mail: [email protected] Although more properly known as paragangliomas, Current Urology Reports 2007, 8:83–88 today these tumors are frequently called extra-adrenal Current Medicine Group LLC ISSN 1527-2737 pheochromocytomas (EAPs). The traditional teaching of Copyright © 2007 by Current Medicine Group LLC the “10% rule,” which noted that 10% of all pheochro- mocytomas are at extra-adrenal sites, may actually be an underestimation. A review of the literature suggests Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas (EAPs) may arise that EAPs actually constitute 15% of adult and 30% of in any portion of the paraganglion system, though pediatric pheochromocytomas [2]. It most commonly they most commonly occur below the diaphragm, occurs in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life with a slight male frequently in the organ of Zuckerkandl. EAPs probably preponderance. This is in contrast to adrenal pheochro- represent at least 15% of adult and 30% of childhood mocytomas, which typically are diagnosed in the 4th and pheochromocytomas, as opposed to the traditional 5th decades with a slight propensity for women [2]. teaching that 10% of all pheochromocytomas are These tumors can arise wherever the cells of the para- at extra-adrenal sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasticity of Central and Peripheral Sources of Noradrenaline in Rats During Ontogenesis
    ISSN 0006-2979, Biochemistry (Moscow), 2017, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 373-379. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2017. Original Russian Text © N. S. Bondarenko, L. K. Dilmukhametova, A. Yu. Kurina, A. R. Murtazina, A. Ya. Sapronova, A. P. Sysoeva, M. V. Ugrumov, 2017, published in Biokhimiya, 2017, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 519-527. Plasticity of Central and Peripheral Sources of Noradrenaline in Rats during Ontogenesis N. S. Bondarenko1, L. K. Dilmukhametova1, A. Yu. Kurina1, A. R. Murtazina1*, A. Ya. Sapronova1, A. P. Sysoeva1, and M. V. Ugrumov1,2 1Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] 2National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia Received November 16, 2016 Revision received December 2, 2016 Abstract—The morphogenesis of individual organs and the whole organism occurs under the control of intercellular chem- ical signals mainly during the perinatal period of ontogenesis in rodents. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that the bio- logically active concentration of noradrenaline (NA) in blood in perinatal ontogenesis of rats is maintained due to humoral interaction between its central and peripheral sources based on their plasticity. As one of the mechanisms of plasticity, we examined changes in the secretory activity (spontaneous and stimulated release of NA) of NA-producing organs under defi- ciency of its synthesis in the brain. The destruction of NA-ergic neurons was provoked by administration of a hybrid molec- ular complex – antibodies against dopamine-β-hydroxylase associated with the cytotoxin saporin – into the lateral cerebral ventricles of neonatal rats. We found that 72 h after the inhibition of NA synthesis in the brain, its spontaneous release from hypothalamus increased, which was most likely due to a compensatory increase of NA secretion from surviving neurons and can be considered as one of the mechanisms of neuroplasticity aimed at the maintenance of its physiological concentration in peripheral blood.
    [Show full text]
  • SSAT ABSITE Review: Endocrine Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid
    SSAT ABSITE Review: Endocrine Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid Douglas Cassidy, MD MGH Surgical Education Research and Simulation Fellow @DJCSurgEd https://www.youtube.com/c/surgedvidz 1/22/2020 1 Content Outline • Adrenal: • Parathyroid • Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy • Incidentalomas • Calcium Homeostasis • Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia • Head and Neck: • Thyroid • Anatomy • Physiology • Neck Dissections • Thyroid Nodules + Ultrasound • Head and Neck Cancers • Thyroid Cancers • Hypo- and Hyper-thyroidism Adrenal Anatomy • Paired RP endocrine glands above superior pole of kidneys • Arterial: • Superior suprarenal from inferior phrenic • Middle suprarenal from abdominal aorta • Inferior suprarenal from renal artery • Venous: • Left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein • Right adrenal vein drains directly into the IVC Adrenal Incidentalomas: • Evaluation: • Is the mass functioning or non-functioning? • Is the mass benign or malignant? • If malignant, is it primary or secondary? Adrenal Incidentalomas: • Functional Masses: • Adrenal Cortex: • Zona Glomerulosa -- Aldosterone • Zona Fasciculata -- Cortisol • Zona Reticularis -- Androgens • Adrenal Medulla: Catecholamines • Epinephrine / Norepinephrine Aldosteronomas • Function: ↑Na+ absorption and K+ secretion in the distal tubule • ↑H+ excretion in the collecting duct • Labs: ↑Na+, ↓K+, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS • Presentation: uncontrolled / drug- resistant HTN, sxs of low K+ (cramps, weakness) • DDx: • 1°: Adenoma, Hyperplasia,
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals Are Unique Among Vertebrates in Possessing an Adrenal Gland Organized Into Layers
    PHARuMACOLOGICAL REVNEWS Vol. 23, No. I Copyright © 1971 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Printed in U.S.A. ADRENOCORTICAL CONTROL OF EPINEPHRINE SYNTHESIS LARISSA A. POHORECKY AND RICHARD J. WURTMAN Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ............................ ..................................... 1 II. Chromaffin cells in the adult mammal ......................................... 4 A. Histology and innervation ....... ... .. ..... 4........4 B. Catecholamine synthesis ................................................... 7 C. PNMT ................................................................ 8 III. The mammalian adrenal .......................................... ............. 9 A. Evolution of the adrenal medulla .. ...... .................................. 9 B. Vascular supply . .................. 12 IV. PNMT induction by glucocorticoids .................... .. ..................... 12 A. Hormonal specificity . ......... ............................................. 13 B. Dose-response characteristics .............................................. 15 C. Possible mechanisms of increased PNMT activity .................. 177........ D. Effects of hypophysectomy and glucocorticoids on adrenal epinephrine con- tent and epinephrine secretion........ ............................................ 18 E. Other effects of hypophysectomy on the adrenal medulla .................. 18 1. Other enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis and metabolsim
    [Show full text]