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Rules for the Heavens: the Coming Revolution in Space and the Laws of War
RULES FOR THE HEAVENS: THE COMING REVOLUTION IN SPACE AND THE LAWS OF WAR John Yoo* Great powers are increasing their competition in space. Though Russia and the United States have long relied on satellites for surveillance of rival nations’ militaries and the detection of missile launches, the democratization of space through technological advancements has allowed other nations to assert greater control. This Article addresses whether the United States and other nations should develop the space-based weapons that these policies promise, or whether they should cooperate to develop new international agreements to ban them. In some areas of space, proposals for regulation have already come too late. The U.S.’s nuclear deterrent itself depends cru- cially on space: ballistic missiles leave and then re-enter the atmosphere, giving them a global reach without serious defense. As more nations develop nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) technology, outer space will become even more important as an arena for defense against weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation. North Korea’s progress on ICBM and nuclear technology, for example, will prompt even greater in- vestment in space-based missile defense systems. This Article makes two contributions. First, it argues against a grow- ing academic consensus in favor of a prohibition on military activities in space. It argues that these scholars over-read existing legal instruments and practice. While nations crafted international agreements to bar WMDs in outer space, they carefully left unregulated reconnaissance and commu- nications satellites, space-based conventional weapons, antisatellite sys- tems, and even WMDs that transit through space, such as ballistic missiles. -
Press Release
National Aeronautic Association FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: David Ivey, 703-527-0226 E-Mail: [email protected] SpaceShipOne Team Named 2004 Collier Trophy Winner Arlington, VA – SpaceShipOne, the first-ever privately financed, manned spacecraft has won the prestigious Robert J. Collier Trophy Monday, taking its place alongside the greatest advances in aviation history. The Collier Trophy has been awarded each year since 1911 by the National Aeronautic Association “for the greatest achievement in aviation in America…” SpaceshipOne went into space for the first time on June 21, 2004, when Mike Melvill piloted the craft 100 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, an altitude considered to be the beginning of space. In the fall of last year, SS1 made a pair of return trips to space within a week of each other to earn the $10 million Ansari X-Prize, given to the first team to prove that civilian manned spaceflight is feasible. The amazing vehicle was designed and built by a small firm in Mojave, California, Scaled Composites, LLC, which was founded in 1982 by aircraft designer Burt Rutan. The cost of the project, about $26 million, was covered by investor Paul G. Allen, the co-founder of Microsoft. Capable of carrying a pilot and two passengers to space, SS1 is made primarily of graphite and epoxy. It reaches space much like a rocket would, traveling straight up at many times the speed of sound after being released from its carrier ship, White Knight. It featured the revolutionary idea of a “carefree” re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere, by reconfiguring its wings, which are then moved back into position to allow the pilot to glide the craft back to Earth. -
MALAYSIA the Kampung Kuantan Firefly Reserve Jamil Bin
MALAYSIA The Kampung Kuantan Firefly Reserve Jamil bin Hamzah and Suzana Mohkeri Wetlands International-Asia Pacific INTRODUCTION Malaysia is comprised of 13 federal states with Kuala Lumpur as the federal capital situated in the Federal Territory. Eleven states are in West Malaysia (also known as Peninsular Malaysia) and two states are situated in Borneo Island. Selangor is one of the most highly developed and urbanized states in Malaysia. However, there are still large areas of forested lands scattered throughout the state either under forest reserves, owned by the state, private companies or private landowners. Since the beginning of civilization rivers have been the most important source of food, water resources and transportation. In Malaysia, human settlement always related or concentrated along the rivers. Sungai Selangor (Selangor River), is one of the main rivers in the state of Selangor. The headwater of Sungai Selangor originates from the highland area of the Titiwangsa Range, which is part of the Main Range, the backbone of Peninsular Malaysia. It is an important source of water supply for domestic and agriculture use and fishing industries for people living along the riverbanks. Sungai Selangor flows mainly through oil palm estates and small villages and it does not pass through any major towns. Thus the riparian vegetation along the riverbanks is still intact. According to a report prepared by the Department of Environment, Sungai Selangor river basin is listed as one of the two cleanest rivers in Selangor (Environmental Quality Report, 1996). This river is highlighted here not because of its important food and water resources but of its ecotourism factor. -
Back to the the Future? 07> Probing the Kuiper Belt
SpaceFlight A British Interplanetary Society publication Volume 62 No.7 July 2020 £5.25 SPACE PLANES: back to the the future? 07> Probing the Kuiper Belt 634089 The man behind the ISS 770038 Remembering Dr Fred Singer 9 CONTENTS Features 16 Multiple stations pledge We look at a critical assessment of the way science is conducted at the International Space Station and finds it wanting. 18 The man behind the ISS 16 The Editor reflects on the life of recently Letter from the Editor deceased Jim Beggs, the NASA Administrator for whom the building of the ISS was his We are particularly pleased this supreme achievement. month to have two features which cover the spectrum of 22 Why don’t we just wing it? astronautical activities. Nick Spall Nick Spall FBIS examines the balance between gives us his critical assessment of winged lifting vehicles and semi-ballistic both winged and blunt-body re-entry vehicles for human space capsules, arguing that the former have been flight and Alan Stern reports on his grossly overlooked. research at the very edge of the 26 Parallels with Apollo 18 connected solar system – the Kuiper Belt. David Baker looks beyond the initial return to the We think of the internet and Moon by astronauts and examines the plan for a how it helps us communicate and sustained presence on the lunar surface. stay in touch, especially in these times of difficulty. But the fact that 28 Probing further in the Kuiper Belt in less than a lifetime we have Alan Stern provides another update on the gone from a tiny bleeping ball in pioneering work of New Horizons. -
To All the Craft We've Known Before
400,000 Visitors to Mars…and Counting Liftoff! A Fly’s-Eye View “Spacers”Are Doing it for Themselves September/October/November 2003 $4.95 to all the craft we’ve known before... 23rd International Space Development Conference ISDC 2004 “Settling the Space Frontier” Presented by the National Space Society May 27-31, 2004 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Location: Clarion Meridian Hotel & Convention Center 737 S. Meridian, Oklahoma City, OK 73108 (405) 942-8511 Room rate: $65 + tax, 1-4 people Planned Programming Tracks Include: Spaceport Issues Symposium • Space Education Symposium • “Space 101” Advanced Propulsion & Technology • Space Health & Biology • Commercial Space/Financing Space Space & National Defense • Frontier America & the Space Frontier • Solar System Resources Space Advocacy & Chapter Projects • Space Law and Policy Planned Tours include: Cosmosphere Space Museum, Hutchinson, KS (all day Thursday, May 27), with Max Ary Oklahoma Spaceport, courtesy of Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority Oklahoma City National Memorial (Murrah Building bombing memorial) Omniplex Museum Complex (includes planetarium, space & science museums) Look for updates on line at www.nss.org or www.nsschapters.org starting in the fall of 2003. detach here ISDC 2004 Advance Registration Form Return this form with your payment to: National Space Society-ISDC 2004, 600 Pennsylvania Ave. S.E., Suite 201, Washington DC 20003 Adults: #______ x $______.___ Seniors/Students: #______ x $______.___ Voluntary contribution to help fund 2004 awards $______.___ Adult rates (one banquet included): $90 by 12/31/03; $125 by 5/1/04; $150 at the door. Seniors(65+)/Students (one banquet included): $80 by 12/31/03; $100 by 5/1/04; $125 at the door. -
Joint Force Quarterly 97
Issue 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Broadening Traditional Domains Commercial Satellites and National Security Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, 2 ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, ND QUARTER 2020 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Associate Editor Jack Godwin, Ph.D. Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee Ambassador Erica Barks-Ruggles/College of International Security Affairs; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG Lewis G. Irwin, USAR/Joint Forces Staff College; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; LtGen Daniel J. O’Donohue, USMC/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Evan L. Pettus, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Kyle W. Robinson, USAF/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College; Col Blair J. Sokol, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen Glen D. VanHerck, USAF/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. -
Virgin Galactic Launcherone Service Guide
LauncherOne Service Guide Version 0.2 his is this cover page) SERVICE GUIDE Virgin Galactic, LLC Version 0.2 25 March 2016 1 Cleared for Public Release by the DOD Office of Prepublication and Security Review LauncherOne Service Guide Version 0.2 Revolutionizing Space Access for Small Satellites If the key selling points of small satellites are that they are agile, flexible, and affordable, then these satellites need a launch service with the same qualities. Virgin Galactic has invested in the team, technologies, and facilities required to build just such a customer-focused launch service, LauncherOne. Air-launched from a 747-400 carrier aircraft, LauncherOne is the space access service that will accelerate the small satellite revolution. Overview LauncherOne is a simple, expendable, two stage launch vehicle designed to place small satellites (up to 500 kilograms) into a wide range of Low Earth Orbits (LEO) at an affordable price. LauncherOne System Expanded View 2 Cleared for Public Release by the DOD Office of Prepublication and Security Review LauncherOne Service Guide Version 0.2 Capabilities LauncherOne missions are highly customized to suit each customer’s specific requirements. Operating commercially through the FAA, LauncherOne operates independently of many of the external factors that can delay ground based launches: weather, offline radar tracking assets, boats in the launch pad stay out zone, and traffic jams on the increasingly crowded Eastern and Western ranges. Service Value Payload Payload Capability • Up to 300 kg / 661 lbm to 500 km / 270 nmi Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO) • Up to 500 kg / 1100 lbm to 200 km / 108 nmi circular 28.5 degree inclination Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Due to LauncherOne’s high degree of customization, payload capabilities are best calculated for each customer based on their specific requirements. -
Commercial Space Transportation Developments and Concepts: Vehicles, Technologies and Spaceports
Commercial Space Transportation 2006 Commercial Space Transportation Developments and Concepts: Vehicles, Technologies and Spaceports January 2006 HQ003606.INDD 2006 U.S. Commercial Space Transportation Developments and Concepts About FAA/AST About the Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA/AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 49 United States Code, Subtitle IX, Chapter 701 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA/AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA/AST is directed to encour- age, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA/AST’s web site at http://ast.faa.gov. Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transportation i About FAA/AST 2006 U.S. Commercial Space Transportation Developments and Concepts NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. ii Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transportation 2006 U.S. Commercial Space Transportation Developments and Concepts Contents Table of Contents Introduction . .1 Significant 2005 Events . .4 Space Competitions . .6 Expendable Launch Vehicles . .9 Current Expendable Launch Vehicle Systems . .9 Atlas 5 - Lockheed Martin Corporation . -
Grey and Gold Grungy Classroom Newsletter
T H E M A R T I A N D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 9 THE MARTIAN M O N T H L Y N E W S L E T T E R MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR Greetings! Back in May 2019, we founded the GD Goenka World School's Astronomy Club, with tremendous support from our Respected Director-Principal Ma'am Dr. Neeta Bali, DHM Ms. Shahnaz Banoo Butt, IBDP Coordinator Dr. Manisha Mehta, all the IB teachers, and the students. Today, all the members of the Astronomy Club proudly speak for all that they have learnt and explored, be it from the wonders of physical Astronomy, to the mysteries of black holes. We started with our very own Solar System - the Sun, Planets, Satellites, Comets, Asteroids and went on as far as the enormous El Gordo. Our classes include lectures, debates, quizzes, interactive games and RIP TO THIS videos, and brainstorming sessions. In the coming months, we aim to learn more about the mysteries of DYNAMIC DUO the universe. We bring to you the maiden edition of our Astronomy For seven years, NASA’s Van Allen Club's Monthly Newsletter, titled 'The Martian'. Probes have studied one of the nastiest We thank our club members Sumer Kaistha, Rehaan radiation environments known to Chibber, Aekum Kamboj, Jeevesh Raj Gupta, Naman humans: the Van Allen radiation belts. Akankshi, Omar Mir, and the Deputy Director Jusjeev They're an extremely important factor Singh for their effort into bringing this magazine to to plan for when it comes to satellite you. -
NASA TV Schedule for Web (Week of 6-22-2020).Xlsx
NASA TV Daily Program Schedule Monday - 6/22/2020 Eastern Daylight Time 12 a.m. Way Station to Space: The History of Stennis Space Center 12 a.m. 12:30 a.m. Preparing America for Deep Space (Ep.2) 12:30 a.m. 1 a.m. The Final Shuttle Mission 1 a.m. 1:30 a.m. Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (Ep.2) 1:30 a.m. 2 a.m. NASA X - SAGE 3 Monitoring Earths Ozone Layer 2 a.m. 2:30 a.m. Space for Women 2:30 a.m. 3 a.m. NASA EDGE - Robotics 3 a.m. 3:30 a.m. No Small Steps 3:30 a.m. 4 a.m. The Time of Apollo 4 a.m. 4:30 a.m. Space Shuttle Era (Ep.3) 4:30 a.m. 5 a.m. KORUS-AQ: Chapter 3/4 5 a.m. 5:30 a.m. Exploration of the Planets (1971) 5:30 a.m. 6 a.m. NASA X - SAGE 3 Monitoring Earths Ozone Layer 6 a.m. 6:30 a.m. Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (Ep.2) 6:30 a.m. 7 a.m. NASA EDGE - Robotics 7 a.m. 7:30 a.m. ISS Benefits for Humanity (Ep.2) 7:30 a.m. 8 a.m. The Time of Apollo 8 a.m. 8:30 a.m. Space Shuttle Era (Ep.3) 8:30 a.m. 9 a.m. KORUS-AQ: Chapter 3/4 9 a.m. 9:30 a.m. Way Station to Space: The History of Stennis Space Center 9:30 a.m. -
For Personal Use Only Use Personal for Galactic for Four Dedicated Missions on the Launcherone System from 2018
Sky and Space Global Ltd ABN 73 117 770 475 Level 7 1008 Hay Street PERTH WA 6000 P: +61 8 9389 2000 F: +61 8 9389 2099 W: skyandspace.global 5 October 2016 ASX Code: SAS Virgin Galactic Sign MOU - Evaluation of SAS Network for LauncherOne Highlights • Sky and Space Global has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Virgin Galactic • The MOU is to evaluate the technical and commercial potential of the Company’s nano- satellite communications network to provide connectivity to its LauncherOne carrier aircraft, Cosmic Girl • Parties will work together to determine whether Virgin Galactic’s modified 747-400 carrier aircraft can be made compatible with SAS’s space-based communication network • The joint objective is to evaluate the potential use of the SAS nano-satellite communications network as the platform to transmit the LauncherOne telemetry data from the launch vehicle during orbit, back to Virgin Galactic’s data control centre • SAS has previously contracted with Virgin Galactic for four dedicated missions on the LauncherOne system Sky and Space Global Ltd (ASX: SAS, “Sky and Space Global” or the “Company”) is pleased to advise that it has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Virgin Galactic regarding the potential use of the Company’s network to provide connectivity to Virgin Galactic’s 747 carrier aircraft for transmission of its telemetry data to its control centre. Under the terms of the MOU, the parties are to work together to evaluate the technical and commercial parameters to determine whether Virgin Galactic’s modified 747-400 carrier aircraft, Cosmic Girl can be made compatible with SAS’s space-based nano-satellite communications network. -
Advancements in Rocket Technology
Advancements in Rocket Technology Prepared by Marcelo Fernando Condori Mendoza Credits: NASA https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/overview.html 1. History of Rocketry Ancient Rockets Rockets for Warfare Rockets as Inventions Early - Mid 20th Century Rockets Space Race Rockets Future Rockets Space Launch System (SLS) Overview NASA’s Space Launch System, or SLS, is an advanced launch vehicle that provides the foundation for human exploration beyond Earth’s orbit. Credits: NASA https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/00 80_sls_fact_sheet_10162019a_final_508.pdf The Power to Explore Beyond Earth’s Orbit To fill America’s future needs for deep space missions, SLS will evolve into increasingly more powerful configurations. The first SLS vehicle, called Block 1, was able to send more than 26 metric tons (t) or 57,000 pounds (lbs.) to orbits beyond the Moon. https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/overview.html Block 1 - Initial SLS Configuration Block 1 - Initial SLS Configuration Credits: NASA What is SpaceX? QUESTION SpaceX headquarters in December Spaceflight Industries will carry and 2017; plumes from a flight of a launch a cluster of Kleos satellites on Falcon 9 rocket are visible overhead the SpaceX Falcon 9 scheduled for launch mid 2021. Space Exploration Technologies Corp., trading as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transportation services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California, which was founded in 2002 by Elon Mask. An Airbus A321 on final assembly line 3 in the Airbus plant at Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport Main important events The goal was reducing space transportation costs to enable the colonization of Mars.