INDEX Message From The Desk Of Director 1 1. Feature Article 2-7 a. Future Of Food b. Vaccine Maitri Initiative 2. Mains Q&A 12-25 3. Prelims Q&A 26-67 4. Bridging Gaps 68-123 1. Vertical and Horizontal Reservations 2. Plea To Bar Disqualified Lawmakers From Contesting Bye-Polls To Same House 3. The India Justice Report 2020 4. Adultery Law And The Armed Forces 5. Urban Local Bodies (ULB) Reforms 6. PRAGATI Meeting 7. Toycathon 8. Henley Passport Index 9. GAVI Board 10. National Girl Child Day 11. Satyameva Jayate Programme 12. Smart Classes For Rural Schools VAJIRAM AND RAVI The Recitals (January 2021) 13. Special Marriage Act 14. Freight Portal 15. Agri-Hackathon 2020 16. Investment Trends Monitor 17. Bad Banks 18. Scheme For Ethanol Distillation 19. Trade Deficit With China 20. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0 21. Regulatory Structure For NBFCs 22. Startup India Seed Fund 23. Kala Utsav 2020 24. Oldest Cave Art 25. Jallikattu 26. Gulf Leaders Sign Solidarity and Stability Deal 27. Russia Withdraws from Open Skies Treaty 28. Scottish Independence Referendum 29. China Holds Third South Asia Multilateral Meet 30. US President Donald Trump Impeached 31. US Eases Restrictions on Contact with Taiwan 32. New START Treaty 33. UAE’s New Citizenship Policy 34. Article 19 of UN Charter 35. H-1B Visas and New Wage-based Rules 36. India at the UN High Table 37. India - UK Cooperation Against Cross-Border Terrorism 38. India-France to Expand Ecological Partnership 39. Document on the U.S. Strategic Framework for the Indo-Pacific 40. India-Nepal Joint Commission Meeting 41. India-Japan Act East Forum 42. India’s Rice Exports to Vietnam 43. MoU between India and UAE for Scientific and Technical Cooperation 44. India - France Strategic Dialogue 45. Eight Principles for Repairing India-China Ties 46. UK Invites India to Attend G7 47. US to Revive Support for WHO VAJIRAM AND RAVI The Recitals (January 2021) 48. United Nations World Tourism Organization 49. Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 50. Drone Swarm 51. Economic Impact of Internet Shutdowns 52. India’s Eight Point Agenda to Combat Terrorism 53. Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) Agreement 54. Hygiene Hypothesis 55. 5th National Science and Technology Policy 56. National Metrology Conclave 2021 57. Nanobodies 58. ASMI Machine Pistol 59. Indian Army Day 60. National Innovation Portal 61. SwasthVayu 62. CSIR-NIScPR 63. Parler 64. Internationalized Domain Name 65. PM 2.5 and Increased Anaemia Risk 66. Open Radio Access Network 67. Axiom Mission 1 (AX 1) 68. 1st PPP Research Reactor for Production of Nuclear Medicines 69. Integrated Weapons System Design Centre 70. Gallantry Awards Portal 71. “AYU SAMVAD” Campaign 72. Lunar Sample 76015,143 73. Smart Anti-Airfield Weapon (SAAW) 74. Quantum Computing Applications Lab 75. Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) 76. SWITCH UAV 77. India Meteorological Department 78. Rapid Blood Test for COVID-19 79. Spintronics 80. DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 81. National Non-Communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) 82. SpaceX Launched 143 Satellites VAJIRAM AND RAVI The Recitals (January 2021) 83. Parker Solar Probe 84. Bharat Biotech’s BBV154 85. Akash-NG Missile 86. BS-VI and CAFE Norms 87. Why Forest Fires Are Common In Himachal Pradesh 88. Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) of Protected Areas (PA) 89. Asian Houbara Bustard 90. Green Tax 91. Emission Norms For Coal-Fired Power Plants 92. Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) 93. Indian Star Tortoises 94. Miscelleneous VAJIRAM AND RAVI The Recitals (January 2021) Dear Students The preparation of current affairs magazine is an evolutionary process as its nature and content keeps changing according to the demands of Civil Service Exam. As you are aware about the importance of current affairs for the prelims as well as mains exam, our aim is to follow an integrated approach covering all stages of examination from prelims to interview. Keeping these things in mind, we, at Vajiram and Ravi Institute, are always in the process of evolving our self so as to help aspirants counter the challenges put forward by UPSC. In fulfillment of our objective and commitment towards the students, we have introduced some changes in our current affairs magazine. The CA Magazines, now with the name of “The Recitals”, will have four sections. These are: 1. Feature Article: As you are aware of the fact that civil service mains exam has become quite exhaustive and analytical, especially since 2013 after the change in syllabus, we have decided to focus on 2-3 topics every month that will provide an insight into the issue so as to help students understand the core of the issue. This will help in Essay writing as well as Mains Exam. 2. Mains Q&A: New students quite often struggle to find out that in what way the given topic is useful for them and in what form questions can be framed from the article. To help those students, we at Vajiram and Ravi have designed an innovative way to teach current affairs. Now, we will cover the current issues through questions and answers so as to make it more targeted towards exam. This will not just provide the information and analysis on current issues but will also help in learning the art of answer writing. Further the related information on the topics on which questions have been framed but that is outside the purview of answer will be given in the Box as ‘Extra Mile’. 3. Prelims Q&A: This section will contain prelims based MCQs that will test your diligence while reading the current issues. These MCQs will be of UPSC standard and will contain detailed explanation. Students are advised to attempt these MCQs honestly and read the Explanation carefully. The idea is to also provide students with a question bank of around 600 current affairs MCQs (50 Qs × 12 months = 600 Qs) just before their prelims examination, which will act as revision on issues spanning over the entire year. 4. Bridging Gaps: This section will contain miscellaneous topics which has not been covered through Q&A. That is why it is called Bridging Gaps, meaning the left-over topics. So, the new magazine is a complete overhaul of what we have been doing for so long. We hope that the new beginning will be to the liking of students. Thanks Best Wishes VAJIRAM AND RAVI The Recitals (January 2021) Page 1 Future of Food The food system is fundamental for human life. It provides the energy and nutrition that people need as a basis for economic and social advance. It provides an income source for billions of people, many of whom are poor, and it is the largest user of the world’s natural resources. The food system operates across many sectors and touches upon many aspects of society— agriculture, health and nutrition, environment, business, culture, to name a few. As a result, improvements in its operations that help end hunger can also contribute to ending extreme poverty. However, the future of food and agriculture faces uncertainties that give rise to serious questions and concerns regarding its performances and sustainability. Uncertainties revolve around different factors, including population growth, dietary choices, technological progress, income distribution, the state of natural resources, climate change, the sustainability of peace, etc. Nobody knows with precision how these factors will evolve over time, however, they are certain to shape the future. Issues • The world’s population is expected to grow to almost 10 billion by 2050, boosting agricultural demand – in a scenario of modest economic growth. The decline in the share of agriculture in total production and employment is taking place at different speeds and poses different challenges across regions. • Income growth in low- and middle-income countries would hasten a dietary transition towards higher consumption of meat, fruits and vegetables, relative to that of cereals, requiring commensurate shifts in output and adding pressure on natural resources. • Although agricultural investments and technological innovations are boosting productivity, growth of yields has slowed to rates that are too low for comfort. However, the needed acceleration in productivity growth is hampered by the degradation of natural resources, the loss of biodiversity, and the spread of transboundary pests and diseases of plants and animals, some of which are becoming resistant to antimicrobials. • Satisfying increased demands on agriculture with existing farming practices is likely to lead to more intense competition for natural resources, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and further deforestation and land degradation. • Critical parts of food systems are becoming more capital-intensive, vertically integrated and concentrated in fewer hands. This is happening from input provisioning to food distribution. Small- scale producers and landless households are the first to lose out and increasingly seek employment opportunities outside of agriculture. • Conflicts, crises and natural disasters are increasing in number and intensity. They reduce food availability, disrupt access to food and health care, and undermine social protection systems, pushing many affected people back into poverty and hunger, fuelling distress migration and increasing the need for humanitarian aid. • Hence, improving the performance of the food system is critical to sustainably feed nearly 10 billion people by 2050 while raising farmer incomes, protecting them from climate change and helping them to thrive. VAJIRAM AND RAVI The Recitals (January 2021) Page 2 Measures For A Sustainable Food System A. Harnessing Digital Technologies • Harnessing digital technologies to improve food system outcomes looks at the opportunities from digital technologies, including better transparency of agricultural value chains, smarter farms, and improved public services. It also reviews some of the risks, including an over-concentration of service providers, poor data governance, and exclusion.