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Oceanography [H.N.S.C. No. 104-41] OCEANOGRAPHY JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE MILITARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE FISHERIES, WILDLIFE AND OCEANS SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES [Serial No. H.J.-2] HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION HEARING HELD DECEMBER 6, 1995 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 35--799 WASIDNGTON : 1996 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-053903-X MILITARY RESEARCH AND DEVEWPMENT SUBCOMMITTEE CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania, Chairman. JAMES V. HANSEN, Utah JOHN M. SPRATT, JR., South Carolina TODD TIAHRT, Kansas PATRICIA SCHROEDER, Colorado RICHARD 'DOC' HASTINGS, Washington SOLOMON P. ORTIZ, Texas JOHN R. KASICH, Ohio JOHN TANNER, Tennessee HERBERT H. BATEMAN, Virginia GENE TAYLOR, Mississippi ROBERT K. DORNAN, California MARTIN T. MEEHAN, Massachusetts JOEL HEFLEY, Colorado ROBERT A. UNDERWOOD, Guam RANDY "DUKE" CUNNINGHAM, California JANE HARMAN, California JOHN M. McHUGH, New York PAUL McHALE, Pennsylvania JOHN N. HOSTETTLER, Indiana PETE GEREN, Texas VAN HILLEARY, Tennessee PATRICK J. KENNEDY, Rhode Islan... JOE SCARBOROUGH, Florida WALTER B. JONES, JR., North Carolina DOUGLAS C . RoACH, Professional Staff Member WilLIAM J. ANDAHAZY, Professional Staff Member JEAN D. REED, Professional Staff Member CHRISl'OPHER A. WILLIAMS, Professional Staff Member JOHN RAYFIEW, Professional Staff Member TRACY W . FINCK, Staff Assistant COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES DON YOUNG, Alaska, Chairman W.J. (BILLY) TAUZIN, Louisiana GEORGE MILLER, California JAMES V. HANSEN, Utah EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts JIM SAXTON, New Jersey NICK J . RAHALL II, West Virginia ELTON GALLEGLY, California BRUCE F. VENTO, Minnesota JOHN J . DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee DALE E. KILDEE, Michigan JOEL HEFLEY, Colorado PAT WILLIAMS, Montana JOHN T. DOOLITTLE, California SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado BILL RICHARDSON, New Mexico WAYNE T. GILCHREST, Maryland PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon KEN CALVERT, California ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American RICHARD W. POMBO, California Samoa PETER G. TORKILDSEN, MaBBachusetts TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota J.D. HAYWORTH, Arizona NEIL ABERCROMBIE, Hawaii FRANK A. CREMEANS, Ohio GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts BARBARA CUBIN, Wyoming SOLOMON P. ORTIZ, Texas WES COOLEY, Oregon OWEN B. PICKETT, Virginia HELEN CHENOWETH, Idaho FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey LINDA SMITH, Washington CALVIN M. DOOLEY, Californil! GEORGE P. RADANOVICH, California CARLOS A. ROMERO-BARCELO, Puerto WALTER B. JONES, JR., North Carolina Rico WILLIAM M. (MAC) THORNBERRY, Texas MAURICE D. HINCHEY, New York RICHARD (DOC) HASTINGS, Washington ROBERT A. UNDERWOOD, Guam JACK METCALF, Washington SAM FARR, California JAMES B. LONGLEY, JR., Maine PATRICK J. KENNEDY, Rhode Island JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona JOHN E. ENSIGN, Nevada DANIEL VAL KISH, Chief of Staff DAVID DYE, Chief Counsel CHRISTINE A . KENNEDY, Chief Clerk I Administrator JOHN LAWRENCE, Democratic Staff Director (II) SUBCOMMITTEE ON FISHERIES, WILDLIFE AND OCEANS JIM SAXTON, New Jersey, Chairrn4n DON YOUNG, Alaska GERRY E. STUDDS, M888achusetts W.J. (BILLY) TAUZIN, Louisiana GEORGE MILLER, California WAYNE GILCHREST, Maryland SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut PETER TORKILDSEN, Massachusetts SOLOMON ORTIZ, Texas LINDA SMITH, Washington FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey WALTER JONES, JR., North Carolina SAM FARR, California JACK METCALF, Washington PATRICK J. KENNEDY, Rhode Island JAMES B. LONGLEY, Maine HARRY BURROUGHS, Staff Director JOHN RAYFIELD, Professional Staff RICK HEALY, Democratic Legislative Staff ( Ill) CONTENTS STATEMENTS PRESENTED BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Page Kennedy, Hon. Patrick J., a Representative from Rhode Island ........................ 9 Pallone, Hon. Frank, Jr., a Representative from New Jers~y ............................ 7 Saxton, Hon. Jim, a Representative from New Jersey, Chairman, Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans Subcommittee: Prepared Statement ............................... 10 Spratt, Hon. John M., Jr., a Representative from South Carolina, Ranking Minority Member, Military Research and Development Subcommittee ........ 6 Young, Hon. Don, a Representative from Alaska ................................................ 14 Weldon, Hon. Curt, a Representative from Pennsylvania, Chairman, Military Research and Development Subcommittee ..................................................... 00. 1 PRINCIPAL WITNESSES WHO APPEARED IN PERSON OR SUBMITTED WRITTEN STATEMENTS Brass, Dr. Garrett W., Director, Arctic Research Commission: Statement ......................................................................................................... 103 Bryn~~i~~~eQ!~~;_;jj~;~~;d~;;·&~~~~~-D~p~~~~t,"'N~;;~gi~~ 106 Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Statement ......................................................................................................... 25 Prepared statement ......................................................................................... 28 Colson, Ambassador David A., Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans, International Environment, Department of State: Statement ......................................................................................................... 47 Edm~lalli~ j~~M~tP~r~~~·~;··~r·~-~h~ri~"t;y;··iJ~-p-~;t-;;;_~-;;i··~·r·E~rth;··A."t: 51 mospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Statement ......................................................................................................... 143 Prepared statement ......................................................................................... 145 Gershwin, Dr. Lawrence K., National Intelligence Council: Statement ......................................................................................................... 110 Prepared statement ......................................................................................... 114 Goodman, Sherri W., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environmental Security: Statement ......................................................................................................... 62 Prepared statement ......................................................................................... 65 Grassle, Dr. Fred, Director, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Statement ......................................................................................................... 148 Hec~~~~A1:!a~~P!ci"P;i·i>~"P~ty·A~~i~i~"t-A:drici~i;~~;;·om~~-~r·l~t;;;: 151 national Activities, Environmental Protection Agency: Statement ......................................................................................................... 70 Prepared statement ......................................................................................... 74 Millemann, Beth, Executive Director, Coast Alliance: Statement ......................................................................................................... 156 Pel~~~d A~M!;··Chi~r-~f"N·~~~~-&~~~h:··jj~·j;;;rt~~~t:·~f"th~·N;ry; 159 Statement ......................................................................................................... 88 Prepared statement ......................................................................................... 93 Valent, Dr. Philip J., Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center: Statement ······oo••oo•oo···················•oooooooooo•oooooooooooooo•oo•••oo·············oo·oooooo•·····oo·oo····· 128 Prepared statement 00000000 00000000000 •• oo ..... oo •oo• 000000000000000000000000······ ••••••• 0000 oo•• ...• 00 ••••• 130 (V) VI Page Yablokov, Dr. Alekaai V., Ruasian Federation, Interagency Commission on Ecological Security, National Security Council: Statement.......................................................................................................... 16 Prepared statement ................... .............................. .... ............... .................. .... 20 DOCUMENTS SUBMITl'ED FOR THE RECORD Letter from Vice President Gore ........................................................................ .... 3 Additional information submitted for the record .................................................. 180 THE DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL AND OTHER TOXIC WASTE IN OCEANS AND TRIDUTARIES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, MILITARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE FISHERIES, WILDLIFE AND OCEANS SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES, Washington, DC, Wednesday, December 6, 1995. The subcommittees met, pursuant to notice, at 1:42 p.m., in room 2118, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Curt Weldon (chairman of the Military Research and Development Subcommittee) and Hon. Jim Saxton (chairman of the Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans Sub­ committee) presiding. Members present: Representatives Weldon, Saxton, Farr, Gilchrest, Hastings, Jones, Spratt, Ortiz, Pallone, Underwood, McHale, Geren, and Kennedy. Staff present: Bill Andahazy and John Rayfield. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. CURT WELDON, A REPRESENT­ ATIVE FROM PENNSYLVANIA, CHAIRMAN, MILITARY RE­ SEARCH AND DEVEWPMENT SUBCOMMITTEE Mr. WELDON. The subcommittees will come to order. This morning it gives me a great pleasure to cochair with Con­ gressman Jim Saxton of the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans what I call a landmark hearing. I call this a landmark hearing because, for the first time, we bring together other nations in a Congressional forum to discuss the environmental impacts caused
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