DOCSLIB.ORG

Creating a Competitive Rwanda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Creating a Competitive Rwanda Creating a Competitive Rwanda Professor Michael E. Porter Harvard Business School Kigali, Rwanda June 2007 This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter’s articles and books, in particular, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Competitiveness,” in The Global Competitiveness Report 2006 (World Economic Forum, 2006), “Clusters and the New Competitive Agenda for Companies and Governments” in On Competition (Harvard Business School Press, 1998), and ongoing research on clusters and competitiveness. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise - without the permission of Michael E. Porter. Further information on Professor Porter’s work and the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness is available at www.isc.hbs.edu Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 1 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter The Changing Nature of International Competition • Fewer barriers to trade and investment Drivers • Rapidly increasing stock and diffusion of knowledge • Competitiveness upgrading in many countries • Globalization of markets • Globalization of capital investment Market • Globalization of value chains reaction • Increasing knowledge and skill intensity of competition • Value migrating to the service component of the value chain • Improving competitiveness is increasingly essential to Rwanda’s prosperity Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 2 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Prosperity Performance Selected Countries Real PPP-adjusted GDP per Capita, 2006 $16,000 Botswana $14,000 South Africa $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 Gabon Namibia Swaziland Cape Verde $6,000 Angola $4,000 Cameroon Mauritius (6.2%) Lesotho Zimbabwe Guinea Ghana Chad (-6.3%) Cote D’Ivoire Madagascar $2,000 Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Togo Burundi Nigeria Mozambique Eritrea Uganda, Zambia Ethiopia $0 Malawi -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Growth of Real GDP per Capita (PPP-adjusted), CAGR, 1998-2006 Source: EIU (2007) Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 3 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Comparative Economic Performance Real GDP Growth Rates Countries sorted by 2001- 2006 annual real GDP Annual growth rate of real GDP growth rate (CAGR) ANGOLA 20% MOZAMBIQUE TANZANIA NIGERIA ETHIOPIA 15% UGANDA BURKINA FASO GHANA CAPE VERDE 10% MALAWI BOTSWANA NAMIBIA RWANDA 5% CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) ZAMBIA SOUTH AFRICA SENEGAL 0% SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE KENYA BENIN THE GAMBIA -5% CAMEROON MAURITIUS GUINEA BURUNDI LESOTHO -10% TOGO SWAZILAND MADAGASCAR ERITREA -15% GABON 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 COTE D'IVOIRE ZIMBABWE Source: EIU (2007) Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 4 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter 70 Gini Index 60 50 40 30 Income Inequality Selected Countries 20 10 0 Haiti Note: Most recent Gini index data available for each country (1999 – 2003). Rwanda’s data is from 2000. Source: World Bank, WorldBrazi Developmentl Indicators, 2007. Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt South Africa Chile Argentina Mexico Madagascar China Cote d'Ivoire Cameroon Nigeria Uganda Zambia 5 Burkina Faso Ghana Mauritania Benin Tanzania Indonesia Ethiopia Rwanda Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter The Rwandan Economy in 2007 • Economic growth rates have rebounded strongly since 2003 • Many areas of the Rwandan business environment have improved (e.g., communications and IT, education) • Established clusters (coffee, tea, tourism) have performed well However • The global economic environment has been favorable • Rwanda’s growth rates are still moderate relative to peers • Numerous areas of the business environment need further improvement • Strengthening the private sector and increasing public-private collaboration is essential to achieving the next level of progress • Rwanda must dramatically improve its competitiveness Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 6 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter What is Competitiveness? • Competitiveness is determined by the productivity (value per unit of input) with which a nation uses its human, capital, and natural resources. – Productivity sets a the standard of living (wages, returns on capital, returns on natural resources) that a nation can sustain – Productivity depends on the prices that a nation’s products and services command (e.g. uniqueness, quality), not just on efficiency – It is not what industries a nation competes in that matters for prosperity, but how it competes in those industries – Productivity requires a combination of domestic and foreign firms operating in the nation – The productivity of “local” or domestic industries is fundamental to competitiveness, not just that of traded industries – Devaluation does not make a country more competitive • Only business can create wealth • Nations compete in offering the most productive environment for business • The public and private sectors play different but interrelated roles in creating a productive economy 20070511 AMP – Final 20070508 7 Copyright © 2007 Professor Michael E. Porter Enablers and Indicators of Competitiveness Productivity Inbound Outbound Domestic Domestic Exports Foreign Direct Foreign Direct Investment Innovation Investment Investment Competitiveness Environment Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 8 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Foreign Inward Investment Stocks and Flows Selected Countries FDI Stocks as % of GDP, Average 2002 - 2005 70% Gambia Angola (94%, 80%) Tunisia 60% Namibia Zambia 50% Eritrea Tanzania Lesotho Nigeria Swaziland 40% Morocco Mozambique Australia Canada 30% Zimbabwe South Africa Egypt Ethiopia Brazil Malawi Ghana Sudan 20% Russia Uganda Congo Uganda Rwanda China Mali Senegal Botswana Mauritius Madagascar 10% Cameroon Algeria Kenya India Niger 0% Libya 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% FDI Inflows as % of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Average 2002 - 2005 Source: UNCTAD (2007) Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 9 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter DirectInward Investment, Foreign $M $9.0 $8.0 Inward Foreign Investment Flows $7.0 $6.0 $5.0 Rwanda, 1990 – 2005 $4.0 $3.0 $2.0 $1.0 $0.0 Note: Data not available for 1994. Source: UNCTAD (2007) Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 10 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Investment Rates Selected Countries Gross Fixed Investment as % of GDP Sorted by 2006 Share 45 China Senegal 40 Ghana India 35 Zambia Namibia Nigeria 30 Madagascar The Gambia 25 Uganda Mozambique 20 Ethiopia Rwanda Kenya 15 Tanzania Botswana 10 South Africa Russia 5 Cameroon Brazil Zimbabwe 0 Burundi 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Malawi Source: EIU, 2007. Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 11 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Determinants of Competitiveness Macroeconomic,Macroeconomic, Political,Political, Legal,Legal, andand SocialSocial ContextContext MicroeconomicMicroeconomic CompetitivenessCompetitiveness Sophistication Quality of the of Company Business Operations and Environment Strategy State of Cluster Development • A sound context creates the potential for competitiveness, but is not sufficient • Competitiveness ultimately depends on improving the microeconomic capability of the economy and the sophistication of local competition Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 12 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Index of Economic Freedom 1996 - 2007 Free Mauritius Botswana South Africa Namibia Uganda Madagascar Brazil Kenya Senegal Ghana Zambia Mozambique Tanzania India Malawi Ethiopia Cameroon Lesotho China Russia Mali Niger Mauritania Egypt Nigeria Algeria Rwanda Chad 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Zimbabwe Libya Source: Index of Economic Freedom (2007), author’s analysis. Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 13 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Improving the Business Environment: The Diamond ContextContext forfor FirmFirm StrategyStrategy andand RivalryRivalry z A local context and rules that encourage investment and productivity Factor –e.g., Intellectual property Factor Demand (Input) protection Demand (Input) Conditions Conditions z Meritocratic incentive systems in Conditions Conditions businesses and other institutions z Open and vigorous local z Presence of high quality, competition z Local demand with improving specialized inputs available –e.g., Anti-monopoly laws, sophistication to firms openness to imports z Local customer needs that –Human resources anticipate those elsewhere –Capital resources z Unusual local demand in –Physical infrastructure RelatedRelated andand specialized segments that can be –Administrative infrastructure SupportingSupporting served nationally and globally –Information infrastructure IndustriesIndustries –Scientific and technological infrastructure z Access to capable, locally based suppliers –Natural resource availability and firms in related fields • Successful economic development is a process of successive upgrading, in which the business environment improves to enable increasingly sophisticated ways of competing Kenya CAON 2007 June-07.ppt 14 Copyright 2007 © Professor Michael E. Porter Ease of Doing Business Rwanda Ranking, 2006 (of 175 countries) Favorable Unfavorable 180 Rwanda’s GNI per capita rank: 168 160 Median Ranking, Sub-Saharan Africa 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Doing Starting a Enforcing Paying Employing Dealing Registering Closing a Obtaining Protecting Trading Business Business Contracts Taxes Workers with Property
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia's Colonization Process
    The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia’s Colonization Process By: Jonathan Baker Honors Capstone Through Professor Taylor Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa Baker, 2 Table of Contents I. Authors Note II. Introduction III. Pre-Colonization IV. Colonization by Germany V. Colonization by South Africa VI. The Struggle for Independence VII. The Decolonization Process VIII. Political Changes- A Reaction to Colonization IX. Immediate Economic Changes Brought on by Independence X. Long Term Political Effects (of Colonization) XI. Long Term Cultural Effects XII. Long Term Economic Effects XIII. Prospects for the Future XIV. Conclusion XV. Bibliography XVI. Appendices Baker, 3 I. Author’s Note I learned such a great deal from this entire honors capstone project, that all the knowledge I have acquired can hardly be covered by what I wrote in these 50 pages. I learned so much more that I was not able to share both about Namibia and myself. I can now claim that I am knowledgeable about nearly all areas of Namibian history and life. I certainly am no expert, but after all of this research I can certainly consider myself reliable. I have never had such an extensive knowledge before of one academic area as a result of a school project. I also learned a lot about myself through this project. I learned how I can motivate myself to work, and I learned how I perform when I have to organize such a long and complicated paper, just to name a couple of things. The strange inability to be able to include everything I learned from doing this project is the reason for some of the more random appendices at the end, as I have a passion for both numbers and trivia.
    [Show full text]
  • IN SEARCH of Africa's Greatest Safaris
    IN SEARCH of Africa's Greatest Safaris A S E R I E S O F L I F E C H A N G I N G J O U R N E Y S T H A T L E A V E A F R I C A ' S W I L D L I F E I N A B E T T E R P L A C E Who We Are Vayeni is owned and run by Luke & Suzanne Brown. Together they have built a formidable reputation for seeking out the finest safari experiences Africa can offer and combining these into cathartic experiences for the most judicious travellers. Luke and Suzanne also co- founded the Zambesia Conservation Alliance together with Luke's brother Robin. Through Zambesia their goal is to successfully assist Africa's increasingly threatened habitats and wildlife. Where We Take You East Africa Indian Ocean Islands Southern Africa Antarctica Comfort Between Destinations All journeys include a private jet between destinations & a dedicated, highly acclaimed African specialist guide throughout. CA AFRI EAST NDS ISLA CEAN AN O INDI ly p s e S e e E d d f i o R v a s U o . h r f e c S p o d i r A l t e r r a E c o a e e R n h w S t e S T d n S e i d y ' c v e T t e I la e c F p s e n I n s r R e n A l o u d c o n u J o re b atu ign S S OU T HE IND RN IA AF N R OC ICA ch of EA In Sear N ISL ICA AN T AFR DS EAS FRICA ERN A DS ECRETS UTH SLAN ZAMBESIA'S S SO EAN I N OC A INDIA CTIC NTAR A A vast & rich region of s, s, wildlife presided over by the o d of in r rgest African elephant herd 7 h pa s la ch R o le r T , e a on the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • African Dialects
    African Dialects • Adangme (Ghana ) • Afrikaans (Southern Africa ) • Akan: Asante (Ashanti) dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Fante dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Twi (Akwapem) dialect (Ghana ) • Amharic (Amarigna; Amarinya) (Ethiopia ) • Awing (Cameroon ) • Bakuba (Busoong, Kuba, Bushong) (Congo ) • Bambara (Mali; Senegal; Burkina ) • Bamoun (Cameroons ) • Bargu (Bariba) (Benin; Nigeria; Togo ) • Bassa (Gbasa) (Liberia ) • ici-Bemba (Wemba) (Congo; Zambia ) • Berba (Benin ) • Bihari: Mauritian Bhojpuri dialect - Latin Script (Mauritius ) • Bobo (Bwamou) (Burkina ) • Bulu (Boulou) (Cameroons ) • Chirpon-Lete-Anum (Cherepong; Guan) (Ghana ) • Ciokwe (Chokwe) (Angola; Congo ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Mauritian dialect (Mauritius ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Seychelles dialect (Kreol) (Seychelles ) • Dagbani (Dagbane; Dagomba) (Ghana; Togo ) • Diola (Jola) (Upper West Africa ) • Diola (Jola): Fogny (Jóola Fóoñi) dialect (The Gambia; Guinea; Senegal ) • Duala (Douala) (Cameroons ) • Dyula (Jula) (Burkina ) • Efik (Nigeria ) • Ekoi: Ejagham dialect (Cameroons; Nigeria ) • Ewe (Benin; Ghana; Togo ) • Ewe: Ge (Mina) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewe: Watyi (Ouatchi, Waci) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewondo (Cameroons ) • Fang (Equitorial Guinea ) • Fõ (Fon; Dahoméen) (Benin ) • Frafra (Ghana ) • Ful (Fula; Fulani; Fulfulde; Peul; Toucouleur) (West Africa ) • Ful: Torado dialect (Senegal ) • Gã: Accra dialect (Ghana; Togo ) • Gambai (Ngambai; Ngambaye) (Chad ) • olu-Ganda (Luganda) (Uganda ) • Gbaya (Baya) (Central African Republic; Cameroons; Congo ) • Gben (Ben) (Togo
    [Show full text]
  • ARMING RWANDA the Arms Trade and Human Rights Abuses in the Rwandan War
    HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH ARMS PROJECT January 1994 Vol. 6, Issue 1 ARMING RWANDA The Arms Trade and Human Rights Abuses in the Rwandan War Contents MapMap...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 IntroductionIntroduction....................................................................................................................................................................................4 Summary of Key Findings ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Summary of Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 6 I. Historical Background to the WarWar......................................................................................................................................7 The Banyarwanda and Uganda..............................................................................................................................................7 Rwanda and the Habyarimana Regime............................................................................................................................ 9 II. The Record on Human RightsRights..............................................................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • The International Response to Conflict and Genocide:Lessom from the Rwanda Experience
    The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience March 1996 Published by: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda Editor: David Millwood Cover illustrations: Kiure F. Msangi Graphic design: Designgrafik, Copenhagen Prepress: Dansk Klich‚, Copenhagen Printing: Strandberg Grafisk, Odense ISBN: 87-7265-335-3 (Synthesis Report) ISBN: 87-7265-331-0 (1. Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors) ISBN: 87-7265-332-9 (2. Early Warning and Conflict Management) ISBN: 87-7265-333-7 (3. Humanitarian Aid and Effects) ISBN: 87-7265-334-5 (4. Rebuilding Post-War Rwanda) This publication may be reproduced for free distribution and may be quoted provided the source - Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda - is mentioned. The report is printed on G-print Matt, a wood-free, medium-coated paper. G-print is manufactured without the use of chlorine and marked with the Nordic Swan, licence-no. 304 022. 2 The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience Study 2 Early Warning and Conflict Management by Howard Adelman York University Toronto, Canada Astri Suhrke Chr. Michelsen Institute Bergen, Norway with contributions by Bruce Jones London School of Economics, U.K. Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda 3 Contents Preface 5 Executive Summary 8 Acknowledgements 11 Introduction 12 Chapter 1: The Festering Refugee Problem 17 Chapter 2: Civil War, Civil Violence and International Response 20 (1 October 1990 - 4 August
    [Show full text]
  • Central African Republic Giraffe Conservation Status Report February 2020
    Country Profile Central African Republic Giraffe Conservation Status Report February 2020 General statistics Size of country: 622,984 km² Size of protected areas / percentage protected area coverage: 13% Species and subspecies In 2016 the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) completed the first detailed assessment of the conservation status of giraffe, revealing that their numbers are in peril. This was further emphasised when the majority of the IUCN recognised subspecies where assessed in 2018 – some as Critically Endangered. While this update further confirms the real threat to one of Africa’s most charismatic megafauna, it also highlights a rather confusing aspect of giraffe conservation: how many species/subspecies of giraffe are there? The IUCN currently recognises one species (Giraffa camelopardalis) and nine subspecies of giraffe (Muller et al. 2016) historically based on outdated assessments of their morphological features and geographic ranges. The subspecies are thus divided: Angolan giraffe (G. c. angolensis), Kordofan giraffe (G. c. antiquorum), Masai giraffe (G. c. tippleskirchi), Nubian giraffe (G. c. camelopardalis), reticulated giraffe (G. c. reticulata), Rothschild’s giraffe (G. c. rothschildi), South African giraffe (G. c. giraffa), Thornicroft’s giraffe (G. c. thornicrofti) and West African giraffe (G. c. peralta). However, over the past decade GCF together with their partner Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) have performed the first-ever comprehensive DNA sampling and analysis (genomic, nuclear and mitochondrial) from all major natural populations of giraffe throughout their range in Africa. As a result, an update to the traditional taxonomy now exists. This study revealed that there are four distinct species of giraffe and likely five subspecies (Fennessy et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda: Gender Politics and Women’S Rights I AFRS-3000 (3 Credits) Online Seminar: (July 13 Th to 31St)
    Rwanda: Gender Politics and Women’s Rights I AFRS-3000 (3 credits) Online seminar: (July 13 th to 31st) This syllabus is representative of a typical semester. Because courses develop and change over time to take advantage of unique learning opportunities, actual course content varies from semester to semester. Course Description Rwanda is currently depicted as a model of quick growth and success in many areas including gender equality. In fact the country leads the world with women holding 61.3% of seats in the lower chamber of national legislature. In 2011, the Royal Commonwealth Society and Plan-UK, a British NGO, in its report published on March 14th, = ranked Rwanda as the 10th best country to be born a girl among 54 commonwealth countries. According to the same report, Rwanda was the 2nd country on the African continent after Seychelles. In 2020, Rwanda ranked 9th worldwide in the gender gap index between men and women in the four key areas of health, education, economy and politics (World Economic Forum Report on global gender gab index, 2020). This course is all about understanding what these apparently tremendous achievements mean in the everyday life of female citizens of Rwanda. Drawing on critical African women’s studies, contemporary feminist theories and theories of social change and social transformation, the course will examine the contemporary political, economic, legal, social as well as cultural reforms that have been influencing Rwanda’s gender politics and impacting women’s rights in all aspects of life. This is an online seminar that will be delivered from July 13th to 31st 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • History, External Influence and Political Volatility in the Central African Republic (CAR)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies Economics Department 2014 History, External Influence and oliticalP Volatility in the Central African Republic (CAR) Henry Kam Kah University of Buea, Cameroon Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/jade Part of the Econometrics Commons, Growth and Development Commons, International Economics Commons, Political Economy Commons, Public Economics Commons, and the Regional Economics Commons Kam Kah, Henry, "History, External Influence and oliticalP Volatility in the Central African Republic (CAR)" (2014). Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies. 5. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/jade/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies 2014 Volume 3 Issue 1 ISSN:2161-8216 History, External Influence and Political Volatility in the Central African Republic (CAR) Henry Kam Kah University of Buea, Cameroon ABSTRACT This paper examines the complex involvement of neighbors and other states in the leadership or political crisis in the CAR through a content analysis. It further discusses the repercussions of this on the unity and leadership of the country. The CAR has, for a long time, been embroiled in a crisis that has impeded the unity of the country. It is a failed state in Africa to say the least, and the involvement of neighboring and other states in the crisis in one way or the other has compounded the multifarious problems of this country.
    [Show full text]
  • HIV DR in CENTRAL AFRICA
    WHO HIVRESNET STEERING COMMITTEE MEETING, November 10–12, 2009, Geneva, Switzerland HIV DR in CENTRAL AFRICA Pr Belabbes Intercountry Support Team Central Africa COUNTRIES COVERED BY THE INTERCOUNTRY SUPPORT TEAM / CENTRAL AFRICA Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Democratic Republic of Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Rwanda Sao Tome & Principe HIV PREVALENCE AMONG THE POPULATION Legend Generalized epidemic in 10 <1% countries /11 1-5% >5% Excepted Sao Tome& Principe nd HIV PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN Legend <1% 1-5% >5% nd PATIENTS UNDER ART 2005-2008 70000 2005 2006 2007 2008 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Angola Burundi Cameroon Congo Equatorial Gabon CAR DRC Rwanda Sao Tome Guinea Source of data Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. WHO, UNAIDS,UNICEF;September 2009. Training on HIVDR Protocols ANGOLA BURUNDI CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICA REPUBLIC CHAD CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CONGO EQUATORIAL GUINEA GABON RWANDA SAO TOME&PRINCIPE Training on HIVDR Protocols Douala, Cameroon 27-29 April 2009 The opening ceremony Participants to the Training on HIVDR Protocols, Douala Cameroon 27-29 April 2009 ON SITE STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES OF THE TECHNICAL WORKING GROUPS ANGOLA BURUNDI CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICA REPUBLIC CHAD EQUATORIAL GUINEA RWANDA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO DEVELOP HIVDR PROTOCOLS ANGOLA BURUNDI CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICA REPUBLIC CHAD EQUATORIAL GUINEA RWANDA EARLY WARNING INDICATORS BURUNDI : EWI abstraction in 19 sites (October) using paper-based.
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda and the Politics of the Body
    Rwanda and the Politics of the Body Erin Baines Working Paper No. 39, August 2003 Portions of the working paper will be published in Third World Quarterly, 24 (3) 2003 and are reprinted here with kind permission. With thanks to Natalie Oswin, Brian Job, Jennifer Hyndman, Susan Thomson, Suzy Hainsworth, Kate Woznow and Taylor Owen for comments and edits on earlier versions of this paper, and to the Social Sciences and Humanities Reseach Council. Recent Titles in the Working Paper Series No. 26 The Problem of Change in International Relations Theory, by K.J. Holsti, December 1998 No. 27 Asia and Nonproliferation After the Cold War: Issues, Challenges and Strategies, by J.D. Yuan, February 1999 No. 28 The Revolution in Military Affairs and Its Impact on Canada: The Challenge and the Consequences, by Andrew Richter, March 1999 No. 29 Law, Knowledge and National Interests in Trade Disputes: The Case of Softwood Lumber, by George Hoberg and Paul Howe, June 1999 No. 30 Geopolitical Change and Contemporary Security Studies: Contextualizing the Human Security Agenda, by Simon Dalby, April 2000 No. 31 Beyond the Linguistic Analogy: Norm and Action in International Politics, by Kai Alderson, May 2000 No. 32 The Changing Nature of International Institutions: The Case of Territoriality, by Kalevi J. Holsti, November 2000 No. 33 South Asian Nukes and Dilemmas of International Nonproliferation Regimes, by Haider K. Nizamani, December 2000 No. 34 Tipping the Balance: Theatre Missile Defence and the Evolving Security Relations in Northeast Asia, by Marc Lanteigne, January 2001 No. 35 Between War and Peace: Religion, Politics, and Human Rights in Early Cold War Canada, 1945-1950, by George Egerton, February 2001 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of Outcomes of the 6Th Africa Initiative Meeting 1St March 2019, Kigali, Rwanda
    Statement of outcomes of the 6th Africa Initiative meeting 1st March 2019, Kigali, Rwanda 1. On 28 February – 1st March 2019, 68 delegates from 22 African countries and 11 Africa Initiative partners came together in Kigali, Rwanda, for the 6th meeting of the Africa Initiative (see annex 1). 2. The Africa Initiative was launched for a period of three years by the OECD hosted Global Forum in 2014 along with its African members and development partners (see annex 2). The Initiative aims to ensure that African countries can realise the full potential of progress made by the global community in implementing tax transparency and in international tax cooperation. With encouraging first results, its mandate was renewed for a further period of three years (2018-2020) in Yaoundé in November 2017. Countries participating in the Africa Initiative have committed to meeting specific and measurable targets in implementing and using the international tax transparency standards. 3. The delegates welcomed the attendance and support of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Central Africa Monetary and Economic Community (CEMAC), the East Africa Community (EAC), the Organisation for the harmonisation of business law in Africa (Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires – OHADA) and the European Union for the first time at an Africa Initiative meeting. 4. Emphasising the increasing political focus on tackling illicit financial flows (IFFs) from Africa, delegates discussed how to convert political attention into tangible deliverables. They acknowledged that enhanced tax transparency is an important part of the solution to fighting tax evasion which in turn is a major component of IFFs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Obama Administration and the Struggles to Prevent Atrocities in the Central African Republic
    POLICY PAPER November 2016 THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AUTHOR: AND THE STRUGGLE TO Charles J. Brown Leonard and Sophie Davis PREVENT ATROCITIES IN THE Genocide Prevention Fellow, January – June 2015. Brown is CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC currently Managing Director of Strategy for Humanity, LLC. DECEMBER 2012 – SEPTEMBER 2014 1 METHODOLOGY AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report is the product of research conducted while I was the Leonard and Sophie Davis Genocide Prevention Fellow at the Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM). It is based on a review of more than 3,500 publicly available documents, including material produced by the US and French governments, the United Nations, the African Union, and the Economic Community of Central African States; press stories; NGO reports; and the Twitter and Facebook accounts of key individuals. I also interviewed a number of current and former US government officials and NGO representatives involved in the US response to the crisis. Almost all interviewees spoke on background in order to encourage a frank discussion of the relevant issues. Their views do not necessarily represent those of the agencies or NGOs for whom they work or worked – or of the United States Government. Although I attempted to meet with as many of the key players as possible, several officials turned down or did not respond to interview requests. I would like to thank USHMM staff, including Cameron Hudson, Naomi Kikoler, Elizabeth White, Lawrence Woocher, and Daniel Solomon, for their encouragement, advice, and comments. Special thanks to Becky Spencer and Mary Mennel, who were kind enough to make a lakeside cabin available for a writing retreat.
    [Show full text]