Evolution of the EU List of Tax Havens
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The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia's Colonization Process
The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia’s Colonization Process By: Jonathan Baker Honors Capstone Through Professor Taylor Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa Baker, 2 Table of Contents I. Authors Note II. Introduction III. Pre-Colonization IV. Colonization by Germany V. Colonization by South Africa VI. The Struggle for Independence VII. The Decolonization Process VIII. Political Changes- A Reaction to Colonization IX. Immediate Economic Changes Brought on by Independence X. Long Term Political Effects (of Colonization) XI. Long Term Cultural Effects XII. Long Term Economic Effects XIII. Prospects for the Future XIV. Conclusion XV. Bibliography XVI. Appendices Baker, 3 I. Author’s Note I learned such a great deal from this entire honors capstone project, that all the knowledge I have acquired can hardly be covered by what I wrote in these 50 pages. I learned so much more that I was not able to share both about Namibia and myself. I can now claim that I am knowledgeable about nearly all areas of Namibian history and life. I certainly am no expert, but after all of this research I can certainly consider myself reliable. I have never had such an extensive knowledge before of one academic area as a result of a school project. I also learned a lot about myself through this project. I learned how I can motivate myself to work, and I learned how I perform when I have to organize such a long and complicated paper, just to name a couple of things. The strange inability to be able to include everything I learned from doing this project is the reason for some of the more random appendices at the end, as I have a passion for both numbers and trivia. -
Highlights of ILO's Work in the Caribbean
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION Subregional Office for the Caribbean HIGHLIGHTS of ILO’S Work in the Caribbean May 2007 - March 2010 Highlights of ILO’s work in the Caribbean May 2007 to March 2010 Highlights of the ILO’s work in the Caribbean – May 2007 - March 2010 ii Highlights of the ILO’s work in the Caribbean – May 2007 - March 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview 1 Areas of Work 5 Technical Support and Advisory Services 5 Training 10 Policy Coherence and External Partnerships 15 Donor- and ILO-Funded Technical Cooperation 16 Research, Publications and Public Information 21 The Way Forward 23 iii Highlights of the ILO’s work in the Caribbean – May 2007 - March 2010 iv Highlights of the ILO’s work in the Caribbean – May 2007 - March 2010 1. Overview The International Labour Organization's goal of promoting opportunities for women and men to obtain full and productive employment in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity, provided the framework for the support given by the International Labour Organization’s Subregional Office for the Caribbean to its constituents in the Caribbean during the period May 2007 to March 2010. The Subregional Office, which celebrated its 40th Anniversary of service to the Caribbean subregion in 2009, is working with the tripartite constituents in the Caribbean to draw up and DECENT WORK AGENDA FOR GROWTH implement Decent Work Country WITH EQUITY Programmes (DWCP). These The Decent Work Agenda is a development Programmes are the mechanisms agenda which strives for economic growth with through which the ILO will equity through a coherent blend of social and collaborate with its constituents - economic goals. -
Implementation of a Comprehensive HIV Prevention Intervention for Men Who Have Sex with Men in Malawi: Assessment of Feasibility and Impact
IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR MEN WHO HAVE SEX wiTH MEN IN MALAwi: ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY AND IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN MALAWI: ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY AND IMPACT October 2013 Authors: Andrea L. Wirtz, Gift Trapence, Vincent Jumbe, Dunker Kamba, Eric Umar, Sosthenes Ketende, Mark Berry, Susanne Stromdahl, Chris Beyrer, Stefan Baral Recommended citation: Wirtz AL, Trapence G, Jumbe V, Kamba D, Umar E, Ketende S, Berry M, Stromdahl S, Beyrer C, and Baral S. Implementation of a comprehensive HIV Prevention Intervention for men who have sex with men in Malawi: assessment of feasibility and impact. November 2013. Baltimore: USAID | Project Search: Research to Prevention. The USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No.2, is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Research to Prevention (R2P) Project is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (CCP). Implementation of a Comprehensive HIV Prevention Intervention for MSM in Malawi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many individuals played an important role in the design, conduct, and analysis of this research. Their contributions are all gratefully acknowledged. We would especially like to thank all the participants who so generously shared their stories with us. The study was implemented by USAID | Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2: Research to Prevention (R2P). R2P is based at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. -
Traditional Leadership in the Constitution of the Marshall Islands
TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS by C. J. LYNCH Working Papers Series Pacific Islands Studies Center for Asian and Pacific Studies in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii Joe Lynch is a consultant on legislation and constitutional drafting whose long experience in the Pacific encompasses island areas in Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. Robert C. Kiste, Director Pacific Islands Studies Program Center for Asian and Pacific Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (With Comparative Notes) C. J. Lynch 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v Introductory 1 Part I. THE COUNCIL OF IROIJ l. The precursors 3 2. Functions of the Council 4 (a) General 4 (b) Relations with the Nitijela 6 ( c) The Council in action 9 3. Composition of the Council 10 4. Procedures of the Council 13 5. Miscellaneous matters 14 6. Comparisons 16 (a) Palau 16 (b) The Federated States of Micronesia 17 (c) Yap 18 (d) Vanuatu 21 (e) Western Samoa 22 (f) The Cook Islands 22 (g) Comment 24 Part II. THE TRADITIONAL RIGHTS COURT 7. The Traditional Rights Court and the judicial system 27 ADDENDUM: Two problems of interpretation 8. Comparisons and comment 34 Part III. CONCLUSION 9. General comments 35 10. Is a traditional input desirable? 37 APPENDIX 42 NOTES 43 iii PREFACE It hardly needs to be said that this paper is written by a lawyer and from a lawyer's point of view. This fact, however , necessarily means that it is selective, firstly in the aspects of its subject that are considered and secondly in the detail (especially on non-legal aspects) into which it goes. -
The Sovereignty of the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories in the Brexit Era
Island Studies Journal, 15(1), 2020, 151-168 The sovereignty of the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories in the Brexit era Maria Mut Bosque School of Law, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain MINECO DER 2017-86138, Ministry of Economic Affairs & Digital Transformation, Spain Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, UK [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: This paper focuses on an analysis of the sovereignty of two territorial entities that have unique relations with the United Kingdom: the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories (BOTs). Each of these entities includes very different territories, with different legal statuses and varying forms of self-administration and constitutional linkages with the UK. However, they also share similarities and challenges that enable an analysis of these territories as a complete set. The incomplete sovereignty of the Crown Dependencies and BOTs has entailed that all these territories (except Gibraltar) have not been allowed to participate in the 2016 Brexit referendum or in the withdrawal negotiations with the EU. Moreover, it is reasonable to assume that Brexit is not an exceptional situation. In the future there will be more and more relevant international issues for these territories which will remain outside of their direct control, but will have a direct impact on them. Thus, if no adjustments are made to their statuses, these territories will have to keep trusting that the UK will be able to represent their interests at the same level as its own interests. Keywords: Brexit, British Overseas Territories (BOTs), constitutional status, Crown Dependencies, sovereignty https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.114 • Received June 2019, accepted March 2020 © 2020—Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada. -
Mental Capacity Issues
Mental Capacity Issues - Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands Rowena Lawrence is Counsel and Tim Haynes is a Partner at Walkers (First appeared in the STEP Hong Kong Branch Newsletter (December 2015) Rowena Lawrence and Tim Haynes of Walkers provide an overview of the relevant regimes for mental capacity legislation in the BVI and the Cayman Islands. Hong Kong’s ageing population and the ongoing popularity of offshore structures will make the legislation in the major offshore jurisdictions concerning mental capacity issues increasingly relevant. Perhaps conscious of this, the legislators in both the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and the Cayman Islands have recently updated their rules in this area. The mental health legislation in both the Cayman Islands and the BVI has been reformed relatively recently to safeguard the rights of mentally incapacitated individuals. That legislation provides the courts with broad powers over the property and affairs of mental health patients. Given the constantly evolving jurisdictional arguments that arise in the courts of both Cayman and BVI, while it is unusual for individuals who are parties to Financial Services Division (Cayman) or Commercial Division (BVI) actions to be resident in those jurisdictions, there are circumstances in which it may be necessary to consider the application of laws of those jurisdictions when incapacitated persons are involved. An application to the offshore court may be made in a number of situations, for example where the individual concerned holds property (most obviously shares in an offshore company) in the offshore jurisdiction or where there is no obvious or effective order available in the jurisdiction in which the incapacitated individual resides. -
Caribbean Food Crops Society
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING SANTO DOMINGO DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 197 0 VOLUME VIII 29 THE EVALUATION OF TOMATO VARIETIES IN THE LEEWARD ISLANDS: A PROGRESS REPORT St. C. M. Forde Leeward Islands Agronomist University of the West Indies St. John's Antigua INTRODUCTION In the Leeward Islands the production of tomatoes is largely in the hands of peasant farmers who make use of commercially available varieties. The crop is established during the period September- November and matures in December-March which coincides with the dry season and also the period, of lowest mean minimum temperatures (70- 72°F). Even at the peak of production, local market demands in Antigua and St. Kitts are not satisfied, but production levels in Montserrat allow for some export of produce to the New York as well as other Caribbean markets. The main problems associated with the industry are the evalua tion of commercially available varieties according to time of plan- ting, and extending production into the dry season by the introduc- tion of irrigation. At the University of the West Indies research in tomato breeding is aimed at developing varieties for increased yield under dry season conditions and high yielding varieties that will set fruit at night temperatures above 72° for wet season production. However there is a pressing need in the Leeward Islands to examine the performance of the commercial varieties available in the area, especially in relation to time of planting. It is against this background that this work was undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five 6x5 randomised complete block trials were carried out in Antigua, Montserrat and St. -
British Overseas Territories Law
British Overseas Territories Law Second Edition Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson HART PUBLISHING Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Kemp House , Chawley Park, Cumnor Hill, Oxford , OX2 9PH , UK HART PUBLISHING, the Hart/Stag logo, BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2018 First edition published in 2011 Copyright © Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson , 2018 Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identifi ed as Authors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this work, no responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any statement in it can be accepted by the authors, editors or publishers. All UK Government legislation and other public sector information used in the work is Crown Copyright © . All House of Lords and House of Commons information used in the work is Parliamentary Copyright © . This information is reused under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 ( http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/ open-government-licence/version/3 ) except where otherwise stated. All Eur-lex material used in the work is © European Union, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ , 1998–2018. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. -
African Dialects
African Dialects • Adangme (Ghana ) • Afrikaans (Southern Africa ) • Akan: Asante (Ashanti) dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Fante dialect (Ghana ) • Akan: Twi (Akwapem) dialect (Ghana ) • Amharic (Amarigna; Amarinya) (Ethiopia ) • Awing (Cameroon ) • Bakuba (Busoong, Kuba, Bushong) (Congo ) • Bambara (Mali; Senegal; Burkina ) • Bamoun (Cameroons ) • Bargu (Bariba) (Benin; Nigeria; Togo ) • Bassa (Gbasa) (Liberia ) • ici-Bemba (Wemba) (Congo; Zambia ) • Berba (Benin ) • Bihari: Mauritian Bhojpuri dialect - Latin Script (Mauritius ) • Bobo (Bwamou) (Burkina ) • Bulu (Boulou) (Cameroons ) • Chirpon-Lete-Anum (Cherepong; Guan) (Ghana ) • Ciokwe (Chokwe) (Angola; Congo ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Mauritian dialect (Mauritius ) • Creole, Indian Ocean: Seychelles dialect (Kreol) (Seychelles ) • Dagbani (Dagbane; Dagomba) (Ghana; Togo ) • Diola (Jola) (Upper West Africa ) • Diola (Jola): Fogny (Jóola Fóoñi) dialect (The Gambia; Guinea; Senegal ) • Duala (Douala) (Cameroons ) • Dyula (Jula) (Burkina ) • Efik (Nigeria ) • Ekoi: Ejagham dialect (Cameroons; Nigeria ) • Ewe (Benin; Ghana; Togo ) • Ewe: Ge (Mina) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewe: Watyi (Ouatchi, Waci) dialect (Benin; Togo ) • Ewondo (Cameroons ) • Fang (Equitorial Guinea ) • Fõ (Fon; Dahoméen) (Benin ) • Frafra (Ghana ) • Ful (Fula; Fulani; Fulfulde; Peul; Toucouleur) (West Africa ) • Ful: Torado dialect (Senegal ) • Gã: Accra dialect (Ghana; Togo ) • Gambai (Ngambai; Ngambaye) (Chad ) • olu-Ganda (Luganda) (Uganda ) • Gbaya (Baya) (Central African Republic; Cameroons; Congo ) • Gben (Ben) (Togo -
The Long Arm of the Bribery
8 The Lawyer | 30 July 2012 Opinion On 5 July the Competition Appeal can be awarded where compensatory Holdvery Tribunal (CAT) handed down its damages alone would be insufficient judgment in the Cardiff Bus case, to punish the defendant for ‘outra- awarding damages in a ‘follow-on’ geous conduct’ including, as in this tightplease, claim for the first time. This is also case, when the defendant was or the first case in which exemplary should have been aware that its con- claimants damages for a breach of competition duct was probably illegal. law have been awarded. The CAT also stated that when ex- Award of exemplary In January 2011, 2 Travel brought a emplary damages are considered claim against Cardiff Bus following a they should have some bearing to the Y damages in Cardiff 2008 decision of the Office of Fair M compensatory damages awarded – in A L Bus case raises the Trading (OFT) which found that, by A this case, awarding exemplary dam- engaging in predatory conduct, Wheels of justice go round and round ages about twice the size of the com- stakes for claimants in Cardiff Bus had infringed the Com- pensatory award – and that they damages actions petition Act by abusing a dominant awarded damages for loss of profits should have regard to the economic position in the market. In particular, (of £33,818.79 plus interest) and also size of the defendant to be “of an when 2 Travel launched a no-frills exemplary damages of £60,000. order of magnitude sufficient to bus service, Cardiff Bus introduced Notwithstanding the low value of make the defendant take notice”. -
The International Response to Conflict and Genocide:Lessom from the Rwanda Experience
The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience March 1996 Published by: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda Editor: David Millwood Cover illustrations: Kiure F. Msangi Graphic design: Designgrafik, Copenhagen Prepress: Dansk Klich‚, Copenhagen Printing: Strandberg Grafisk, Odense ISBN: 87-7265-335-3 (Synthesis Report) ISBN: 87-7265-331-0 (1. Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors) ISBN: 87-7265-332-9 (2. Early Warning and Conflict Management) ISBN: 87-7265-333-7 (3. Humanitarian Aid and Effects) ISBN: 87-7265-334-5 (4. Rebuilding Post-War Rwanda) This publication may be reproduced for free distribution and may be quoted provided the source - Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda - is mentioned. The report is printed on G-print Matt, a wood-free, medium-coated paper. G-print is manufactured without the use of chlorine and marked with the Nordic Swan, licence-no. 304 022. 2 The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience Study 2 Early Warning and Conflict Management by Howard Adelman York University Toronto, Canada Astri Suhrke Chr. Michelsen Institute Bergen, Norway with contributions by Bruce Jones London School of Economics, U.K. Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda 3 Contents Preface 5 Executive Summary 8 Acknowledgements 11 Introduction 12 Chapter 1: The Festering Refugee Problem 17 Chapter 2: Civil War, Civil Violence and International Response 20 (1 October 1990 - 4 August -
Saint Kitts and Nevis MIGRATION PROFILES
Saint Kitts and Nevis MIGRATION PROFILES Part I. Global legal instruments related to international migration States parties to United Nations legal instruments Year ratified: Year ratified: - 1949 ILO Migration for Employment Convention 1990 1989 Conv. on the Rights of the Child 2002 1951 Refugee Convention - 1990 UN Migrant Workers Convention - 1967 Refugee Protocol 2004 2000 Human Trafficking Protocol - 1975 ILO Migrant Workers Convention 2004 2000 Migrant Smuggling Protocol Part II. Population indicators Population estimates 1990 2000 2010 2013 15 Males ('000) 20 23 26 27 10 Females ('000) 21 23 26 27 5 Total ('000) 41 46 52 54 0 Percentage urban population 35 33 32 32 Percentage rural population 65 67 68 68 -5 -10 -15 1985-90 1995-00 2005-10 2010-15 -20 Average annual rate of change -0.57 1.20 1.27 1.12 Annual rate of natural increase* 12.39 11.40 12.20 11.23 1985-90 1995-00 2005-10 2010-15 Crude net migration rate* -18.11 0.61 0.46 0.00 Annual rate of natural increase* Total net migration ('000) -4 0 0 0 * Per 1,000 population Crude net migration rate* Projected change in total population by component (x 1000) 12 10 2015-20 2025-30 2035-40 2045-50 Total population at end of period 58 63 66 67 8 Population change during period 3 2 1 1 6 Annual rate of natural increase* 9.73 6.64 4.12 1.84 Crude net migration rate* 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 * Per 1,000 population 2 Projected change in working-age (15-64) population (x 1000) 0 2015-20 2025-30 2035-40 2045-50 2015-20 2025-30 2035-40 2045-50 Medium variant 2 1 0 -1 Annual rate of natural increase* Zero-migration variant 2 1 0 -1 Crude net migration rate* Difference 0 0 0 0 Part III.