DOCSLIB.ORG

Underwater Cultural Heritage in Oceania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Underwater Cultural Heritage in Oceania ccoverover UUnderwaternderwater CCulturalultural HHeritageeritage iinn OOceaniaceania Edited by Ulrike Guérin, Barbara Egger and Vidha Penalva All underwater cultural heritage sites in this book have been chosen for their historic interest. There may however lay more representative and signifi cant sites in the waters of the territory encompassed by this publication. UNESCO’s choice was made without any claim to do complete justice to the heritage concerned, even if it aspired to do so. This publication was funded by UNESCO, the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology - AIMA and The Society for International Cultural Exchange, Japan. Reproduction may be allowed, providing that no changes are made and appropriate mention is made of the source. Please contact UNESCO Paris for authori- zation. This document should be cited as: © UNESCO, 2010. Underwater Cultural Heritage in Oceania. Layout by: Ulrike Guérin, Barbara Egger, Vidha Penalva de Almeida Document Code: CLT/CIH/MCO/2010/150REV Contact: UNESCO Section of Museums and Cultural Objects Secretariat of the Convention on the Protection The Society for International Cultural Exchange, Japan of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 1, rue Miollis – 75732 Paris cedex 15, France Tel. +33 (0) 145684406 Fax +33 (0) 145685596 Email: [email protected] www.unesco.org/en/underwater-cultural-heritage Cover page: SSSS SeveranceSeverance, Australia.Australia. TThehe ttwowo mmastedasted ssailingailing yachtyacht tthehe SSeveranceeverance ssankank ooffff LLadyady EElliotlliot IIslandsland iinn tthehe GGreatreat BBarrierarrier RReef,eef, Australia.Australia. TThehe SSeveranceeverance iiss relativelyrelatively uundamaged,ndamaged, ssomeome remainsremains ofof itsits sailssails persist,persist, wwichich hadhad beenbeen riggedrigged inin reefedreefed positionposition inin a vainvain attemptattempt toto minimizeminimize thethe dragdrag iinn thethe heavyheavy stormstorm thatthat sanksank it.it. TThehe wwreckreck lliesies atat a ddepthepth ooff 2200 mm.. SSchoolschools ooff ppellagics,ellagics, mmorayoray eeelsels aandnd ootherther mmarinearine llifeife areare presentpresent iinn tthehe aarea.rea. © M. Spencer / UNESCO BBackack CCover:over: Wreck of the Cher sunk on the Contrariété Reef on 9 January 1885, New Caledonia. © MM.. SSpencerpencer / UUNESCONESCO 4 . UUnderwaternderwater CCulturalultural HHeritageeritage iinn OOceaniaceania Edited by Ulrike Guérin, Barbara Egger and Vidha Penalva 5 . Midway Islands BONIN (U(U.S.).S.) Wenzhou S D ISLANDS Okinawa N CHINAINA Fuzhou A (JAPAN) L Naha S DAITO- Taipei I ) VOLCANO Quanzhou U N SHOTO Marcus Island E Y P A ISLANDS Z O N Xiamen U K A (JAPAN) H E Y ( J (JAPAN) (JAPAN) A UNITED STATES U R hou R Tropic of Cancer W C T A F R A Shantou I I I Taiwan A K A Hong Kong N Kauai L O Kao-hsiung Okino-tori- O acau S.A.R. I Honolulu M shima H S A.R. Oahu Luzon (JAPAN) L Maui C A Strait N N D E Northern Wake Island S Hawaii R (U.S.) E N E Z O Philippine Mariana T U R C T A F R Luzon O N Islands I Johnston Atoll L A R Sea A C Southouth (U.S.) Saipan (U.S.) N Manila Chinahina A Hagåtña I R Seaea Guam North Pacific PHILIPPINES (U.S.) A M Entwetak Panay Cebu Samar P Challenger Deep (world's greatest ocean depth, -10924 m) Iloilo City H MARSHALL Ocean I Palawan Bacolod L Negros Cagayan I FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA ISLANDS P Sulu Sea de Oro P I N Kwajalein Mindanao Kingman Reef E Melekeok Pohnpei Majuro Zamboanga (U.S.) N E O Z Davao R E T Palikir T U Bandar Seri C R R A Begawan CAROLINE ISLANDS F E Palmyra Atoll N PALAU O BRUNEINEI N R T (U.S.) E C I P P H C L MALAYSIAYSIA Celebes Sea Kiritimati KIRIBATI (Christmas Island) (KIRIBATI) Borneo Manado Tarawa (GILBERT Howland Island Halmahera ISLANDS) (U.S.) Ternate Equator L Equator I amarinda Palu Molucca Biak Yaren District Baker Island N Sea Sorong Banaba (U.S.) Jarvis Island alikpapan New NAURU (U.S.) E Celebes Ceram Ireland masin Buru Jayapura Wewak RAWAKI Kendari Bismarck Sea (PHOENIX I Ambon KIRIBATI S Makassar PAPUA NEW GUINEA ISLANDS) L Madang ea Banda Sea Bougainville A New Guinea Mount New Britain SOLOMON N rabaya Hagen Lae INDONESIA D ÎLES Bali Sumbawa Flores ISLANDS Tokelau KIRIBATI Dili Solomon Funafuti S asar (N.Z.) MARQUISES Lombok TIMOR-LESTE Arafura Sea Awara Sea Honiara TUVALU Kupang To r res SANTA CRUZ Sumba Port Guadacanal Timor Timor Sea Strait Moresby ISLANDS Swains Island Ashmore and Rotuma Wallis and Cartier Island G r Futuna Cook (AUSTRALIA) Darwin e SAMOA Pago at (FRANCE) Gulf of Mata- Pago Islands IIndianndian Apia Carpentaria Utu SOCIETY Vanua American Coral Sea (N.Z.) ISLANDS OOceancean Levu Samoa B VANUATU FIJI a K Islands r (U.S.) I N Cairns r H ARCHIPEL DES TUAMOTU G i Coral Sea e New Port-Vila Papeete L G r TONGA C R EO Suva A M Caledonia N P N Tahiti G O R (AUSTRALIA) L A Viti E E D Alofi Niue C Townsville E R (FRANCE) Levu R D ee (N.Z.) f T O A N Mount Isa T N A Port N Avarua E E G GREAT SANDY L Mackay Ceva-i-Ra Hedland L French Polynesia W Nuku'Alofa N R Noumea Mururoa DESERT HAMMERSLEY A O N D (FRANCE) RANGE G I Rockhampton C T Tropic of Capricorn Alice Springs E V I A GIBSON D Gladstone Minerva Reefs ÎLES TUBUAI L DESERT I Adamstown N E G D Pitcairn Islands AUSTRALIA L O (U.K.) SIMPSON O Brisbane Toowoomba N R DESERT H I KERMADEC Gold Coast Geraldton C D A GREAT VICTORIA Kingston Lake Eyre ISLANDS N E R D A DESERT (lowest point G E Norfolk Island (N.Z.) A R N in Australia, H R L B A L I Kalgoorlie -15 m) (AUSTRALIA) T N R O A N O G S C Broken Hill W S R G Perth R U E A E I Lord Howe N D D E I gham E Whyalla N G N A S I Island E nbury L Newcastle V F (AUSTRALIA) M R R I South Pacific Sydney I Esperance E L Adelaide S Wollongong K Canberra L E North E Mount Kosciuszko (highest point in Australia, Island Ocean 2229 m) Auckland R I Great Australian Ta s m a n Tauranga Melbourne Hamilton D Bight Geelong G E Sea Bass NEW Palmerston Hastings Strait North Launceston ZEALAND Wellington Indian Hobart Tasmania Scale 1:41,000,000 Christchurch Mercator Projection Ocean CHATHAM South Island ISLANDS (N.Z.) 0 200 400 600 Kilometers Invercargill Dunedin 0 200 400 600 Miles MMapap ooff OOceania.ceania. 6 . The Pacifi c region’s historic ties to the seas have left a spectacular legacy of submerged archaeological sites ranging from shipwrecks to sunken villages, preserved in the depths of the ocean. Fortunately for this genera- tion and those to come, these treasures are fully recog- nised today as being an important part of the region’s heritage that it is our duty to safeguard. The protection of all kinds of cultural heritage is a very important aspect of UNESCO’s broader mandate to safeguard cultural diversity. Protecting and promoting such sites around the world reinforces societies’ sense of identity, strengthens social cohesion and facilitates mutual understanding, as well as bringing economic benefi ts. UNESCO works towards these goals by carry- ing out numerous activities in the fi eld as well by setting international standards in the domain of culture. To date, UNESCO’s Member States have adopted seven core international conventions to ensure the safeguard- ing of the irreplaceable treasures of humanity. Among these treaties, the 2001 Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage off ers pro- tection for a component of the world’s cultural heritage that has never ceased to captivate popular imagina- tion. The Convention is also widely recognized as the foremost reference document in the fi eld. By promoting and guiding the development of sustainable and responsible underwater archaeology, it is hoped that the scourge of illicit looting will be curtailed. Through this richly illustrated booklet, UNESCO wishes to raise awareness of the region’s threatened under- water heritage. In keeping with its mission to stimulate international refl ection, UNESCO has enlisted con- tributions from local archaeologists and experts in the fi eld, as well as the region’s national commissions for UNESCO and the Organization’s fi eld offi ces in the preparation of this publication. We also hope that this publication will encourage more countries in the Pacifi c region to support the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Irina Bokova, UNESCO Director-General 7 . An ancient admiralty-style anchor from the SS Kelloe, which sank in 1902 is now lying at a depth of 50 m in Little Bay off the eastern-suburbs of Sydney, Australia. As the ship was built in 1866, the anchor is probably more than 140 years old. © MM.. SSpencerpencer / UUNESCONESCO 8 . From the large continent of Australia to the smallest island in Micronesia, life in Oceania has always been closely related to the water. The Pacifi c Ocean contains therefore an inestimable wealth of submerged traces of human activity. They have been conserved under the Ocean and range from ancient ves- tiges of sacred and residential sites, wreckages from the era of early ex- plorers, to the widespread remains of the Second World War battles. Due to the region’s cultural richness and complex history, the protection of underwater heritage is extremely important. Many sites are threatened by dispersal and destruction, natural disasters and the eff ects of climate change. However this heritage provides opportunities for economic development and helps defi ne our cultural iden- tity.
Recommended publications
  • Chuuk Visitors Bureau P.O BOX 1142 WENO, CHUUK FSM 96942 TEL: (691) 330-4133/330-4480 EMAIL: Dmarar1974@Gmail.Com WEBSITE: H 21

    Chuuk Visitors Bureau P.O BOX 1142 WENO, CHUUK FSM 96942 TEL: (691) 330-4133/330-4480 EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: H 21

    Welcome to CHUUK A Guide to the Historic Wrecks Courtesy Chuuk and Visitors Bureau Island Attractions - Best Wrecks - Island Maps - Activities - History Welcome he many islands within this huge atoll are crowned with Tnatural beauty. The outer barrier reef is punctuated with idyllic sandspits dotted with coconut palms. The high islands in the central lagoon rise into the blue Micronesian skies. The word “Chuuk” means “high mountains” in the Chuukese language. Chuuk State, which is one of four states in the Federated States of Micronesia, consists of 290 islands with 250 islands uninhabited. The islands have natural beauty and most still display a traditional lifestyle. The main population area is within the vast Chuuk Lagoon (sometimes called Truk Lagoon) where the vestiges of WWII attract divers from around the world. The huge inner lagoon is famously known for the “World’s Greatest Wreck Diving.” The islands were heavily attacked by the US in the Second World War then bypassed and blockaded by the Allies. The sunken hulls of Japanese ships remain along with ruined weapons and fortifications on land. Many divers feel it has the best collection of shipwrecks and WWII era airplanes in the world. The hulks have been transformed into amazing “shipreefs”, holding the very best of the undersea world and maritime history at one site. Incredible corals in a kaleidoscope of colors and shapes fed by warm, clear waters attract divers worldwide. The reefs also are home to a great variety of fish and corals. Visitors can see the islands and there are many “picnic islands” that are great for day trips and relaxing.
  • Rotuman Educational Resource

    Rotuman Educational Resource

    Fäeag Rotuam Rotuman Language Educational Resource THE LORD'S PRAYER Ro’ạit Ne ‘Os Gagaja, Jisu Karisto ‘Otomis Ö’fāat täe ‘e lạgi, ‘Ou asa la ȧf‘ȧk la ma’ma’, ‘Ou Pure'aga la leum, ‘Ou rere la sok, fak ma ‘e lạgi, la tape’ ma ‘e rȧn te’. ‘Äe la nāam se ‘ạmisa, ‘e terạnit 'e ‘i, ta ‘etemis tē la ‘ā la tạu mar ma ‘Äe la fạu‘ạkia te’ ne ‘otomis sara, la fak ma ne ‘ạmis tape’ ma rē vạhia se iris ne sar ‘e ‘ạmisag. ma ‘Äe se hoa’ ‘ạmis se faksara; ‘Äe la sại‘ạkia ‘ạmis ‘e raksa’a, ko pure'aga, ma ne’ne’i, ma kolori, mou ma ke se ‘äeag, se av se ‘es gata’ag ne tore ‘Emen Rotuman Language 2 Educational Resource TABLE OF CONTENTS ROGROG NE ĀV TĀ HISTORY 4 ROGROG NE ROTUMA 'E 'ON TẠŪSA – Our history 4 'ON FUẠG NE AS TA ROTUMA – Meaning behind Rotuma 5 HẠITOHIẠG NE FUẠG FAK PUER NE HANUA – Chiefly system 6 HATAG NE FĀMORI – Population 7 ROTU – Religion 8 AGA MA GARUE'E ROTUMA – Lifestyle on the island 8 MAK A’PUMUẠ’ẠKI(T) – A treasured song 9 FŪ’ÅK NE HANUA GEOGRAPHY 10 ROTUMA 'E JAJ(A) NE FITI – Rotuma on the map of Fiji 10 JAJ(A) NE ITU ’ HIFU – Map of the seven districts 11 FÄEAG ROTUẠM TA LANGUAGE 12 'OU ‘EA’EA NE FÄEGA – Pronunciation Guide 12-13 'ON JĪPEAR NE FÄEGA – Notes on Spelling 14 MAF NE PUKU – The Rotuman Alphabet 14 MAF NE FIKA – Numbers 15 FÄEAG ‘ES’ AO - Useful words 16-18 'OU FÄEAG’ÅK NE 'ÄE – Introductions 19 UT NE FAMORI A'MOU LA' SIN – Commonly Frequented Places 20 HUẠL NE FḀU TA – Months of the year 21 AG FAK ROTUMA CULTURE 22 KATO’ AGA - Traditional ceremonies 22-23 MAMASA - Welcome Visitors and returnees 24 GARUE NE SI'U - Artefacts 25 TĒFUI – Traditional garland 26-28 MAKA - Dance 29 TĒLA'Ā - Food 30 HANUJU - Storytelling 31-32 3 ROGROG NE ĀV TĀ HISTORY Legend has it that Rotuma’s first inhabitants Consequently, the two religious groups originated from Samoa led by Raho, a chief, competed against each other in the efforts to followed by the arrival of Tongan settlers.
  • Western Australian Museum Foundation

    Western Australian Museum Foundation

    western australian museum ANNUAL REPORT 2005-2006 Abominable Snowman chatting with friends. This creature was a standout feature at an exhibition staged by animatronics specialist John Cox: How to Make a Monster: The Art and Technology of Animatronics. Photograph: Norm Bailey. ABOUT THIS REPORT This Annual Report is available in PDF format on the Western Australian Museum website www.museum.wa.gov.au Copies are available on request in alternate formats. Copies are archived in the State Library of Western Australia, the National Library Canberra and in the Western Australian Museum Library located at the Collection and Research Centre, Welshpool. For enquiries, comments, or more information about staff or projects mentioned in this report, please visit the Western Australian Museum website or contact the Museum at the address below. Telephone 9212 3700. PUBLISHED BY THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986 49 Kew Streeet, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106 www.museum.wa.gov.au ISSNISSN 2204-61270083-8721 © Western Autralian Museum, 2006 Contents Letter of transmittal 1 COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS Message from the Minister 2 Highlights – Western Australian Museum 2005-06 3 Auditor’s opinion financial statements 39 The year in review – Chief Executive Officer 5 Certification of financial statements 40 MUSEUM AT A GLANCE 7 Notes to the financial statements 45 INTRODUCING THE Certification of performance indicators 73 8 WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM Key performance indicators 74 REPORT ON OPERATIONS THE WESTERN
  • Mangroves Occurring on the Many Islands in the South Pacific Are Only a Small Component When Compared to the Worldwide Inventory of Mangroves

    Mangroves Occurring on the Many Islands in the South Pacific Are Only a Small Component When Compared to the Worldwide Inventory of Mangroves

    TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND SUPPORT FOR MANGROVE AND LITTORAL FOREST MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND TRAINING FOR SMALL ISLANDS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC Jan. 25, 2004 by James Denny Ward USDA Forest Service i FOREWORD Mangroves occurring on the many islands in the South Pacific are only a small component when compared to the worldwide inventory of mangroves. Although the mangroves found on the smaller islands may not seem as important on the global scale, they are extremely important to the small individual countries. Some of their benefits include shoreline protection, biodiversity, fisheries and a source for traditional products like building material, fuelwood and various cultural uses. These benefits are even more important to small island countries with limited resources and contributed to the survival of the indigenous people in earlier times. Realizing the importance of the mangrove resource the Forest & Trees Support Programme of SPC and the Heads of Forestry in the Pacific in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service conducted several missions during the last 10 years to assist the smaller island countries with preserving, protecting and managing their mangroves . The USDA Forest Service’s Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry based in Hawaii has been providing assistance to the Federated States of Micronesia and other islands with close ties to the United States for several years. Research conducted by this group has contributed greatly to the information base needed to manage mangroves throughout the South Pacific. This report is not all-inclusive but it is hoped that it will contain sufficient information to assist small islands in developing a management strategy for their individual countries.
  • The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation

    The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation

    The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Lead Authors:∗ Tamara Gurevich and Peter Herman Contributing Authors: Nabil Abbyad, Meryem Demirkaya, Austin Drenski, Jeffrey Horowitz, and Grace Kenneally Version 1.00 Abstract This document provides technical documentation for the Dynamic Gravity dataset. The Dynamic Gravity dataset provides extensive country and country pair information for a total of 285 countries and territories, annually, between the years 1948 to 2016. This documentation extensively describes the methodology used for the creation of each variable and the information sources they are based on. Additionally, it provides a large collection of summary statistics to aid in the understanding of the resulting Dynamic Gravity dataset. This documentation is the result of ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and is solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. It is not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. It is circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, professional devel- opment of Office Staff and increase data transparency by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Please address all correspondence to [email protected] or [email protected]. ∗We thank Renato Barreda, Fernando Gracia, Nuhami Mandefro, and Richard Nugent for research assistance in completion of this project. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Nomenclature . .3 1.2 Variables Included in the Dataset . .3 1.3 Contents of the Documentation . .6 2 Country or Territory and Year Identifiers 6 2.1 Record Identifiers .
  • In Memory of the Officers and Men from Rye Who Gave Their Lives in the Great War Mcmxiv – Mcmxix (1914-1919)

    In Memory of the Officers and Men from Rye Who Gave Their Lives in the Great War Mcmxiv – Mcmxix (1914-1919)

    IN MEMORY OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN FROM RYE WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE GREAT WAR MCMXIV – MCMXIX (1914-1919) ADAMS, JOSEPH. Rank: Second Lieutenant. Date of Death: 23/07/1916. Age: 32. Regiment/Service: Royal Sussex Regiment. 3rd Bn. attd. 2nd Bn. Panel Reference: Pier and Face 7 C. Memorial: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL Additional Information: Son of the late Mr. J. and Mrs. K. Adams. The CWGC Additional Information implies that by then his father had died (Kate died in 1907, prior to his father becoming Mayor). Name: Joseph Adams. Death Date: 23 Jul 1916. Rank: 2/Lieutenant. Regiment: Royal Sussex Regiment. Battalion: 3rd Battalion. Type of Casualty: Killed in action. Comments: Attached to 2nd Battalion. Name: Joseph Adams. Birth Date: 21 Feb 1882. Christening Date: 7 May 1882. Christening Place: Rye, Sussex. Father: Joseph Adams. Mother: Kate 1881 Census: Name: Kate Adams. Age: 24. Birth Year: abt 1857. Spouse: Joseph Adams. Born: Rye, Sussex. Family at Market Street, and corner of Lion Street. Joseph Adams, 21 printers manager; Kate Adams, 24; Percival Bray, 3, son in law (stepson?) born Winchelsea. 1891 Census: Name: Joseph Adams. Age: 9. Birth Year: abt 1882. Father's Name: Joseph Adams. Mother's Name: Kate Adams. Where born: Rye. Joseph Adams, aged 31 born Hastings, printer and stationer at 6, High Street, Rye. Kate Adams, aged 33, born Rye (Kate Bray). Percival A. Adams, aged 9, stepson, born Winchelsea (born Percival A Bray?). Arthur Adams, aged 6, born Rye; Caroline Tillman, aged 19, servant. 1901 Census: Name: Joseph Adams. Age: 19. Birth Year: abt 1882.
  • Dive Guam Fact Sheet 10.Indd

    Dive Guam Fact Sheet 10.Indd

    DIVING IN GUAM dives range from deep dropoff s to coral head and sandy fl ats of garden eels. A wide variety of fi sh, sea anemones, and larger marine life like sea turtles, barracuda and the occasional reef shark can be found at any of Guam’s 150 sites. POPULAR OUTER REEF SITES Guam is home to one of the world’s most amazing underwater phenomena, the Blue Hole, a natural 300-foot shaft cut into the reef off Orote Point. A plethora of marine life and coral also inhabit several other outer reef dive sites INTRODUCTION including the Crevice, Coral Gardens, Shark Pit, Barracuda Rock, Hap’s Reef, and the elusive 11-Mile Reef. Guam’s tropical waters are teaming with hundreds of varieties of colorful fi sh and coral species, a seascape of • Blue Hole unimaginable beauty and clarity, dotted with historic wrecks One of Guam’s most unique dive sites, the Blue Hole is from World War I and World War II. located toward the tip of Orote Peninsula on the southern coast. Characterized as a 300-foot shaft cut into reef made Guam’s open ocean is not only home to diverse coral and of limestone, the site off ers marine life; it’s one of Micronesia’s most aff ordable places to excellent visibility that oft en dive. Home to a variety of dives for each certifi cation level, allows divers to see the top of the island’s waters stay from 82-86 degrees Fahrenheit year- the hole from the surface. round, with visibility up to 150 feet.
  • Pacific Island Countries and Territories Issued: 19 February 2008

    Pacific Island Countries and Territories Issued: 19 February 2008

    OCHA Regional Office for Asia Pacific Pacific Island Countries and Territories Issued: 19 February 2008 OCHA Presence in the Pacific Northern Papua New Guinea Fiji Mariana Humanitarian Affairs Unit (HAU), PNG Regional Disaster Response Islands (U.S.) UN House , Level 14, DeloitteTower, Advisor (RDRA), Fiji Douglas Street, PO Box 1041, 360 Victoria Parade, 3rd Floor Fiji +10 Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Development Bank Building, Suva, FIJI Tel: +675 321 2877 Tel: +679 331 6760, +679 331 6761 International Date Line Fax: +675 321 1224 Fax: +679 330 9762 Saipan Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Head: Vini Talai Head: Peter Muller Agana +12 Guam (U.S.) Pacific Ocean +10 MARSHALL ISLANDS Legend Depth (m) OCHA Presence Below 5,000 1,001 to 2,000 MICRONESIA (FSO) Koror Majuro Country capital Palikir 4,001 to 5,000 501 to 1,000 Territory capital PALAU +11 Illustrative boundary 3,001 to 4,000 101 to 500 +9 +10 Time difference with UTC 2,001 to 3,000 o to 100 Tarawa (New York: UTC -5 Equator NAURU Geneva: UTC +1) IMPORTANT NOTE: The boundaries on this map are for illustrative purposes only Yaren Naming Convention and were derived from the map ’The +12 +12 KIRIBATI UN MEMBER STATE Pacific Islands’ published in 2004 by the Territory or Associated State Secretariat of the Pacific Community. INDONESIA TUVALU -11 -10 PAPUA NEW GUINEA United Nations Office for the Coordination +10 +12 of Humanitarian affairs (OCHA) Funafuti Toke lau (N.Z.) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP) Honiara Executive Suite, 2nd Floor, -10 UNCC Building,
  • Sustained Prehistoric Exploitation of a Marshall Islands Fishery

    Sustained Prehistoric Exploitation of a Marshall Islands Fishery

    Sustained prehistoric exploitation of a Marshall Islands fishery: ichthyoarchaeological approaches, marine resource use, and human- environment interactions on Ebon Atoll Ariana Blaney Joan Lambrides BA (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2017 School of Social Science Abstract Atolls are often characterised in terms of the environmental constraints and challenges these landscapes impose on sustained habitation, including: nutrient-poor soils and salt laden winds that impede plant growth, lack of perennial surface fresh water, limited terrestrial biodiversity, and vulnerability to extreme weather events and inundation since most atolls are only 2-3 m above sea level. Yet, on Ebon Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands in eastern Micronesia, the oceanside and lagoonside intertidal marine environments are expansive, with the reef area four times larger than the land area, supporting a diverse range of taxa. Given the importance of finfish resources in the Pacific, and specifically Ebon, this provided an ideal context for evaluating methods and methodological approaches for conducting Pacific ichthyoarchaeological analyses, and based on this assessment, implement high resolution and globally recognised approaches to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in the Ebon marine fishery. Variability in landscape use, alterations in the range of taxa captured, archaeological proxies of past climate stability, and the comparability of archaeological and ecological datasets were considered. Utilising a historical ecology approach, this thesis provides an analysis of the exploitation of the Ebon marine fishery from initial settlement to the historic period—two millennia of continuous occupation. The thesis demonstrated the importance of implementing high resolution methods and methodologies when considering long-term human interactions with marine fisheries.
  • History of New South Wales from the Records

    History of New South Wales from the Records

    This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us.
  • Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania

    Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania

    ; 97 IHE FREiNCH IN VAN DIEMEN'S LAND, AND THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT THE DERWENT. BY JAMES B. WALKER. Prefatory Note. As the subject of the present Paper may appear to be scarcely within the scope of the objects of the Royal Society, it seems proper to state briefly the occasion of its being written and submitted to the consideration of the Fellows. Some two years ago, the Tasmanian Government—of which the Hon. James Wilson Agnew, Honorary Secretary of the Royal Society, was Premier—following the good example set by the Governments of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Now Zealand, directed search to be made iu the English State Record Office for papers relating to the settlement and early history of this Colony. The idea originated in a suggestion from Mr. James Bonwick, F.R.G.S., the well-known writer on the Tasmanian Aborigines, who had been employed for years on similar work for various Colonial Governments, and to him the task was entrusted by Dr. Agnew. Mr. Bonwick searched, not only the Record Office, but the papers of the Admiralty, the Foreign Office, the Privy Council, and the British Museuni, and discovered and co|)ied a large mass of docunu'nts rohiting to the oarly days of Tasmania. in the early jiart of this year, these coj)ics, extending over some (J4() foolscap pages, were received in Ilobart, and the ))resent Premier —the Hon. Philip Oakley Fysh—obligingly allowed me to jioruse them. I found them to be of great interest. They threw (piite a new light on the causes which led to the first occupation of this Islaiul ; gave a complete history of Bowen's first settlement at Risdon Cove and supplied materials for other hitherto unwritten — 98 FRENCH IN VAN DIEMEN's LAND.
  • Tokelau the Last Colony?

    Tokelau the Last Colony?

    Tokelau The last colony? TONY ANGELO (Taupulega) is, and long has been, the governing body. The chairman (Faipule) of the council and a village head ITUATED WELL NORTH OF NEW ZEALAND and (Pulenuku) are elected by universal suffrage in the village SWestern Samoa and close to the equator, the small every three years. The three councils send representatives atolls of Tokelau, with their combined population of about to form the General Fono which is the Tokelau national 1600 people, may well be the last colony of New Zealand. authority; it originally met only once or twice a year and Whether, when and in what way that colonial status of advised the New Zealand Government of Tokelau's Tokelau will end, is a mat- wishes. ter of considerable specula- The General Fono fre- lion. quently repeated advice, r - Kirlb•ll ·::- (Gifb•rr I•) The recently passed lbn•b'a ' ......... both to the New Zealand (Oc: ..n I} Tokelau Amendment Act . :_.. PMtnb 11 Government and to the UN 1996- it received the royal Committee on Decoloni­ • •• roltfl•u assent on 10 June 1996, and 0/tlh.g• sation, that Tokelau did not 1- •, Aotum•- Uu.t (Sw•ln•J · came into force on 1 August 1 f .. • Tllloplol ~~~~~ !•J.. ·-~~~oa wish to change its status ~ ~ 1996 - is but one piece in ' \, vis-a-vis New Zealand. the colourful mosaic of •l . However, in an unexpected Tokelau's constitutional de­ change of position (stimu- velopment. lated no doubt by external The colonialism that factors such as the UN pro­ Tokelau has known has posal to complete its been the British version, and decolonisation business by it has lasted so far for little the year 2000), the Ulu of over a century.