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N U M I S M a T I ZEITSCHRIFT POK NUMISMATIK. HERAUSGEGEBEN VON ALFRED VON SALLET. NEUNZEHNTER BAND. BERLIN VVEIDMANNSCHE BUCHHANDLUNG. 1895. Die Diktaturen Caesar's ;md die Miinzen der fiinf ersteE IIII Yiri a. a, a. f. f. Zwei Zeugnisse sind es, auf welclie die Latirung des ersten Quattuorviriikollegiums und der von demselbeD geschlageuen Denare mit Caesar's Bilde gegriindet wird: Sueton, Caesar 41 viinorum .... magistratiium numerum ampliavit und Dio 44, 4, 4 narsqa re avzoy nuTQiSog inoivo^iadav xal ig xa vofii(!(iccTa ivsx^' qct^av. Da Dio diese Worte zum Jalire 710/44 erwahnt, und da man ferner wusste, dass Caesar's Bildniss nur auf den Denaren der Quattuorvirn L. Flaminius Chile, M. Mettius, L. Aeniilius Buca, P. Sepullius Macer und C. Cossutius Maridianus sicher vorkommt, wahrend uns auf den friiheren Munzeu nocli Triumvirn begegnen, so schioss man anscheinend ganz riclitig, dass auch die Notiz des Sueton sich auf das Jahr 44 bcziehe, dass also die Zahl der magistratus minores iu diesem Jahre eriiobt worden sei. Bei -diesem Sclilusse hat man es aber unterlassen, diejenigen Miinzen der Quattuorvirn in Betracht zu Ziehen, die nachweislicli vor den Denaren mit Caesar's Kopfe gepragt wurden, und so hat man dcnn libersehen, dass die Quattuorvirn bereits ein Jahr lang vor den Denaren mit dem Caesarkopfe andere Stiicke ge- prilgt haben. Ja, die Glaubwiirdigkeit Dio's lasst uns, was die Chronologie des Senatsbeschlusses anbelangt, welcher bestimmte, dass das Bildniss Caesar's auf die Munzen gesetzt werde, durch- aus im Stiche, wie wir im Folgenden auf Grand der Munzen, Inschriften und Literatur jener Zeit nachzuweiscn hoffen. 13* 184 F. L. Ganter: Untersuclien wir zunaclist die Chroiiologie der einzelnen Miinzeii eines jcden Quattuorvirn. so haben wir zwci Merkmale, vermittelst deren wir eine zcitliclie Aufciiiaiulerfolgc koiistatiren konnen: 1. Auf den Reverseu der Miiuzen ist zii vcrschiedenen Zeiten die Schreibweise der Nainen der Miinzmeister eine verschiedeue. 2. Zum Tlieil tragen die Erstlingsmiuizen cines Quattuorvirn seinen Titel IIII vir^ wahrend derselbe Miinzmeister dicsen Tltel auf den Miinzen aus spilterer Zeit regelmassig Aveglasst. Bei den zwei Denaren des Chilo ist die Reibeiifolge an sich gegeben, indem die Erstlingsmiinze sicli deutlich als solclie kennzeielinet: IIII VIR FBI. E'L. (Babelon, Flaminia 2 = Julia 44 = Cohen, Flaminia 2). Walirend dieser Denar auf deni Averse nocb einen Venuskopf zeigt, ist auf der Vorderseite des auderen bereits der Kopf Caesar's mit deni Lorbeerkranze ab- gebildet (Bab., Flam. 3 = Julia 45 = Coh., Flam. 3). Man achte wohl darauf, dass auf dem Reverse des alteren Denares der Name des Miinzmeisters auf und unter dem Sockel der dort abgebildeten Biga steht und uiclit im Bogen gefubrt ist, wilhrend das letztere bei dem jUngeren Benare der Fall ist und zwar ohne Benutzung des Sockels. Ferner beaclite man, dass auf dem Averse des jiingeren Denares keinerlei Legende vorhanden ist. Mettius hat ebenfalls Muuzen mit und ohne Caesar's Bild- niss gepragt. Die zeitliche Aufeinanderfolge ergiebt sich aus der Art, ^\ie der Name des Munzmeisters auf dem Reverse einge- tiagen ist. Auf den jiingsten Miinzen, deren Avers den Caesar- kopf und die Umschrift IMP. oder IMPER. tragt (Bab., Julia 32—33 = Mettia4—5 = Coh., Mettia 4 und 3), ist der Name M. METTIVS ausgeschrieben und im Bogen gefiihrt. Bei den altesten Miinzen [dem Quinar mit der Juno Sospita (Bab., Mettia 1 = Coll., Mettia 1) und dem Sesterze mit der Venus (Bab., Mettia 2 = Cob., Mettia 2)] ist der Name in M. METTI abge- kiirzt und in gerader Linie und zwar auf dem Qiiinare unter dem Sockel der Biga gefuhrt. Zwischen den altesten und den jungsten Munzen steht in der Mitte der Denar mit dem Caesar- Die Diktaturen Caesar's u. d.Munzeu d, fiinf ersteu Illlviri a.a.a.f.f. 185 koi)fc uiid der Umschrift CAESAR DICT. QVART. (Bab,, Julia 31 = Mettia 3 = Coll., M. 6), auf dessen Reverse der Name :M. ^IETTIVS zwar schon ausgeschriebeu, aber nocli in gerader Richtung gcfuhrt ist. Demuacli ist Caesar der staiidige Titel IMP. spater beigelegt ^vordeii, als der Titel DICT. QVART. Aemilius Buca iieniit sicli auf der ersten von ihm ge- pragten Mllnze, Quinar init der Pax (Babelon, Julia 39 = Aemilia IS = Coll., Aem. 14), mit vollem Namen L. AEMILIVS BVCA uiid fiigt scinen Titel, IIII VIR, hinzu; auf der zweiten, Sesteiz mit Diaiiakopf (Bab., Julia 40 = Acm, 19 = Coll., Aem. 13), bc- dient er sich ebenfalls des volleu Namens, lasst aber bereits den Titel weg. Danii tritt auf seiiien Denareu Caesar's Bildniss auf, zuerst mit deiii Titel IMP. P. M. (Bab., Julia 34 = Aem. 13 = Coil., Aem. 15); auch bier nemit er sich noch mit vollem Namen. Auf den spatereii Denaren mit der Legende CAESAR DICT. PERPETVO (Bab., Julia 35—37 = Aem. 14—17 = Coll., Aem. 16—18) findet sicb bloss nocli das Prae- und Cognomen L. BVCA. Der Titel DICT. PERPETVO lost also den Titel IMP. ab, uud es gehcirt ferner auch der Denar mit dcm schlafendcn Endymion^) (Babelon, Julia 38 = Aem. 12 = Cob., Aem. 12), auf dem sich der Munzmeister ebenfalls bios L. BVCA ncnnt, zu den spateren Denaren, d. h., da Caesar bereits todt ist, pragt Buca nicht wie Sepullius Macer Milnzeu mit dem Bildnisse des M. Au- tonius (s. u.), sondern kelirt wieder zu seinem Fainilientypus zuriick.^) Auch Sepullius Macer -wendct verschiedene Arten der Namensschreibung an. Er schreibt aiifangs den vollen Namen von links ausgebend ini Bogeii oben herum: 1) A. V. Sallet, Z. f. N. IV, S. 186 F. L. Ganter: spater schreibt er zwar P. SEPVLLIVS, wie ebcn gcsagt, MACER dagegen ebeiifalls von links ausgeheud, aber untcn horunr. Die Anderang dcr Schreibweise tritt zii der Zeit ein, als er die Denare mit CAESAK IMP. (Bab., Julia 46 = Sepullia 1 == Coh., Sep. 5) und CAESAR IMPEH. (Bab., Julia 47 = Sep. 2 = Coll., Sep. 6) pragte, und zwar ist auf dem Reverse jenes Denares die altere, auf dem Reverse dieses die jiingere Schreibweise au- gewandt Danacli scheiden sich die Miinzen des Sepullius Macer zeitlich in zwei Klassen, in die Mteren rait der alteren Schreibweise des Munzmeisternamens (Bab., Sep. 9—12 und Julia 46 = Coh., Sep. 2 5) und die jungeren mit der jungeren Schreibweise (Bab., Julia 47—52 = Sep. 2—7 = Coh., Sep. 6—11 und Bab., Antonia 2 — Sep. 8 = Cob., Sep. 12). So gehoren also, wie bei Mettius und Buca, die Quinare und Sesterze des Sepullius Macer in die Zeit vor dem Auftreten des Caesarkopfes auf den Miinzeu. Yon den diei Miinzen Macer's, welche auf ihrem Reverse den Desultor mit zwei Pferden zeigen (Bab., Julia 51. 52 = Sep. 6. 7 = Coh., Sep. 10. 11; Bab., Antonia 2 = Sep. 8 = Coh., Sep. 12), sind die beiden, welche auf ihrem Averse CLEMENTIAE CAESARIS (Bab., Julia 52 — Sep. 7 = Coh., Sep, 11) und den Kopf des Antonius Caesarstragen^(Bab., gepragt^).Aut. 2 = Sep.Die dritte 8 == MUnze Coh., Sep. mit 12), gleichem nach dem Reverse Tode (Bab., Julia 51 = Sep. 6 = Coh., Sep. 10), auf deren Averse Caesar den Titel PARENS PATRIAE hat, fiihrt uns daher in die allerletzte Zeit vor Caesar's Tod, d. h, PARENS PATRIAE ist einer der letzten Titel, die Caesar ertheilt worden sind. Zuletzt ist noch darauf hinzuweisen, dass die beiden spatesten 1) A. v. Sallet, Zeitschr. f. N. IV, S. 130fg. DieDiktaturen Caesar's u. cl. Munzen d. funf ersten Illlviri a.a.a.if. 187 Miiiizeii des Sepulliiis, welcho den Caesarkopf tragen (Bab., Julia 50 = Sep, 5 = Coll., Sep. 9 mit der Umschrift CAESAR DICT, PERPETVO und Bab., Julia 51 = Sep. 6 = Coh., Sep. 10 mit der Umschrift CAESAR PARENS PATRIAE), diesen mit dem Priestergewande bekleidet darstellen. Daraiis leriien wir, dass diese beiden Titel zur selbeii Zeit, d. h., wie uns eben die Verwandtschaft von Bab. Julia 51 mit den nach Caesar's Tode von Sepullius geschlagenen Munzen, Bab. Julia 52 und Antonia 2, beAviesen hat, kurz vor dem Tode Caesar's neben einander in Gebrauch waren; ferner lernen wir aber auch, dass der Titel dicL perpetito schon vor dem Titel parens ^mtriae ertheilt worden ist, da von Sepullius nodi zwei Denare erhalten sind, die zwar den Titel diet, sclion enthalten (Bab., Julia 48. 49 = Sep. 3. 4 = Cob., Sep. 8. 7), aber Caesar's Kopf noch nicht be kleidet zeigen und desbalb friiher zu setzen sind. Von den Denaren des Cossutius Maridianus ist offenbar derjenige zuerst gepriigt worden, welcher uns auf dem Reverse den vollcn Namen und den verstumnielten Titel zeigt: C. COSSV- TIVS MARIDIANVS A.A.A.P.F. (Bab., Julia 43 = Cossutia 2 = Coll., Coss. 2), die anderen beiden enthalten nur das Prae- und Cognomen des Muuzineisters: C. MARIDIANVS. Alle drei Denare zeigen auf dem Averse den lorbeerbekranzten, bekleideten Kopf Caesar'sj der iiltere den Titel PARENS PATRIAE, die jiingeren den Titel DICT. PERPETVO bez. IN PERPETVO. Es ist das ein neuer Beweis dafur, dass in der Zeit kurz vor dem Tode Caesars diese beiden Titel neben einander in Gebrauch waren. Nach dem Vorangehenden losten sich also die von Caesar auf den Munzen mit seinem Bildnisse geftihrten Titel in folgender Weise ab: DICT. QVART., IMP. bez. IMPER., DICT. PERPETVO, PARENS PATRIAE, wobei neben dem letzten Titel auch noch der vorletzte in Gebrauch blieb. Es ergiebt sich ferner, dass alle Munzen ohne Caesars Bildniss mit Ausnahme von Buca's Endymion (Bab., Julia 38 -= Aem. 12 = Coh., Aem. 12) alter sind, als die rait seinem Bildnisse. Die Munzen mit der Legende 188 F. L. Ganter; PARENS PATRIAE gelioren in die Zeit kurz vor Caesar's Todo, was sehr gut rait der obigen Diostclle zusammenstimmt, der zii dem Jahre 710/44 bericlltet naxsqa xs avzov nazqidog iTtcovofiaCccy. In dasselbe Jahr gehiiren feruer die Miinzen, auf denen Caesar als diet, pe^yetuo bezeichnet wird (Dio 44, 8, 4^ Josepbus, antiqu. 14,10, 7 §211 Niese; vgl.
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