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Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shogun

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Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shogun 徳川家康 Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shogun Constructed and resided at Hamamatsu Castle for 17 years in order to build up his military prowess into his adulthood. Bronze statue of Tokugawa Ieyasu in his youth 1542 (Tenbun 11) Born in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture (Until age 1) 1547 (Tenbun 16) Got kidnapped on the way taken to Sunpu as a hostage and sold to Oda Nobuhide. (At age 6) 1549 (Tenbun 18) Hirotada, his father, was assassinated. Taken to Sunpu as a hostage of Imagawa Yoshimoto. (At age 8) 1557 (Koji 3) Marries Lady Tsukiyama and changes his name to Motoyasu. (At age 16) 1559 (Eiroku 2) Returns to Okazaki to pay a visit to the family grave. Nobuyasu, his first son, is born. (At age 18) 1560 (Eiroku 3) Oda Nobunaga defeats Imagawa Yoshimoto in Okehazama. (At age 19) 1563 (Eiroku 6) Engagement of Nobuyasu, Ieyasu’s eldest son, with Tokuhime, the daughter of Nobunaga. Changes his name to Ieyasu. Suppresses rebellious groups of peasants and religious believers who opposed the feudal ruling. (At age 22) 1570 (Genki 1) Moves from Okazaki 天龍村to Hamamatsu and defeats the Asakura clan at the Battle of Anegawa. (At age 29) 152 1571 (Genki 2) Shingen invades Enshu and attacks several castles. (At age 30) 豊根村 川根本町 1572 (Genki 3) Defeated at the Battle of Mikatagahara. (At age 31) 東栄町 152 362 Takeda Shingen’s151 Path to the Totoumi Province Invasion The Raid of the Battlefield Saigagake After the fall of the Imagawa, Totoumi Province 犬居城 武田本隊 （別説） Saigagake Stone Monument 山県昌景隊天竜区 became a battlefield between Ieyasu and Takeda of Yamagata Takeda Main 堀之内の城山Force (another theoried the Kai Province. Ieyasu, who was based in Masakage Force 森町 Hamamatsu Castle, was rapidly expanding his power 第二東名高速道路 simulation)光明城 while repairing and constructing castles in various 新城市 只来城 places. In contrast, the Takeda clan who came from 二俣城 257 Suruga and Higashimikawa invaded the Totoumi 大平城 鳥羽山城 天方城 三岳城 Province. The clan was approaching Hamamatsu 掛川市 千頭峯城 亀井戸城 Castle while racking up victories in battle. At the Battle 362 浜北区 社山城 飯田城 152 of Mikatagahara in 1572 (Genki 3), it was reported 日比沢城 北区 刑部城 257 that Ieyasu was chased and attacked by the Takeda 三方原の戦い 磐田市 武田本隊 掛川城 佐久城 各和城 clan all the way to an area near the battlefield 久野城 東名高速道路東名高速道路 中区 東区 Saigagake, which was located to the northwest of 袋井市 湖 西 市 Hamamatsu Castle and barely made it back to 西区 浜 松 市 1 三箇野川の戦い Map of The Battle of Mikatagahara 一言坂の戦い Hamamatsu Castle. Takeda The “Fujinzu,” or military formations, used at the Battle of 浜松城 馬伏塚城 Main Force高天神城 1 新居町 Mikatagahara is created during the Edo era. The Gyorin no 南区1 150 Kamae, or “Fish Scale Formation” is adopted by Takeda troops (on the left) and the Kakuyoku no Kamae, or “Crane Wing 0 20km Saigagake Stone Monument Formation” is lined up by Tokugawa troops (on the right). "○ Toshogu" represents Tokugawa Ieyasu’s position. Battle against Takeda who surrounded the Totoumi Province Saigagake, one of the battlefield ruins related to Collection of Hamamatsu City History Museum the Battle of Mikatagahara, is reportedly a steep cliff formed from the fracture of the Mikatagahara Plateau. Ieyasu was defeated by Yoroi Kakematsu of Ieyasu Takeda's forces and escaped to Hamamatsu Castle, but he somehow carried out a surprise raid In 1572 (Genki 3), It is said that Ieyasu rested under on Takeda army near the cliff. The geographic the shade of a large pine tree while returning to the disadvantage confused the Takeda army, and many fell castle from the Battle of Mikatagahara. He took off his from the cliff. Many reportedly died in the battle. Enshu armor and hung it on the pine tree; the tree has been Dai-nebutsu, a traditional cultural event performed by Ieyasu to called Yoroi Kakematsu, or the armor hanging pine, mourn the spirits of the dead, has become a designated ever since. The pine tree in front of Hommaru Minami intangible folk cultural property of Hamamatsu City and still Hiroba Square is the 3rd generation, planted in 1981 continues its tradition. (Showa 56). In addition, the name of the place, "Umabiyashi", refers to the place where the horses were exhausted after battle, and were cooled by the clear water near the pine tree. It still remains in Matsushiro-cho district. Yoroi Kakematsu of Ieyasu 1573 (Genki 4) Shigen died at the age of 53 from illness. The fall of the Muromachi Shogunate. (At age 32) The Residence 1575 (Tensho 3) Defeats Takeda Katsuyori’s army in the Battle of Nagashino. (At age 34) Period of 1579 (Tensho 7) The birth of his 3rd son, Tokugawa Hidetada (The 2nd Shogun). (At age 38) Ieyasu The greatest tragedy and a difficult life decision. Death of lawful wife Tsukiyama Gozen and the seppuku of his heir Nobuyasu. Nobunaga Oda was absolutely indispensable to Ieyasu. His opposition to Nobunaga could lead to the collapse of the Tokugawa family. Nobunaga suspected a rebellion from Tsukiyama Gozen, the lawful wife of Ieyasu, who was related to the Imagawa family and Nobuyasu, the eldest son of Ieyasu, thus he ordered Ieyasu to kill them. Ieyasu sent his vassal, Sakai Tadatsugu, to Azuchi Castle for an explanation; however, it still could not quell Nobunaga’s anger. Nobunaga ordered Ieyasu to make his eldest son, Nobuyasu, commit seppuku (suicide). Nobuyasu was a talented person with charisma. Nobunaga was also said to have been wary of his ability and influence. It was a tough decision for Ieyasu at the time. (There were different theories in recent studies.) Ieyasu’s wife, Tsukiyama Gozen, was killed by his vassal and Nobuyasu was forced to cut himself at Futamata Castle (Tenryu-ku, Hamamatsu City). The sorrow he felt over the loss of his son whom he considered to be his successor was difficult to bear; however, he coped with his grief and moved on as he had no choice but to protect the Tokugawa family. Futamata Castle Ruins Tomb of Matsudaira Nobuyasu (Seiryuji Temple) Statue of Tokugawa Ieyasu Tachiarai Pond Collection of Hamamatsu City History Musuem Ieyasu's lawful wife, Tsukiyama Gozen, who reportedly married Ieyasu at the age of 16, was an elegant woman descended from the Imagawa family. However, Ieyasu had no choice and was forced to kill his wife under Nobunaga's order due to his close contact with Oda Nobunaga. Tsukiyama Gozen was ambushed and beheaded by Ieyasu’s vassal in Koyabu near the shore of Lake Sanaru while heading to Hamamatsu Castle from Okazaki. The pond where the vassal washed the blood-stained blade is reportedly called Tachiarai Pond. It was dated in August, 1579 (Tensho 7). Gozen was reported to have been in her prime as a woman, at the age of 38. 1581 (Tensho 9) Invasion of Takatenjin Castle. Subjugation of Enshu. (At age 40) 1582 (Tensho 10) The Takeda clan falls and Ieyasu reigns over the Suruga Province. Nobunaga commits suicide (Seppuku) at Honno-ji Incident. Ieyasu in Sakai passes through Iga and escapes from the crisis and flees to Okazaki. (At age 41) 1584 (Tenbun 12) Wins the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute against Toyotomi Hideyoshi. (At age 43) 1586 (Tenbun 14) Forms a pact with Hideyoshi and marries Hideyoshi’s sister, Asahi-hime. Has a meeting with Hideyoshi in Osaka Castle. Moves from Hamamatsu to Sunpu Castle and proceeds with the conquest of Koshin, the Kai Province and the Shinano Province. (At age 45) 1590 (Tensho 18) Ordered by Hideyoshi, moves and resides in Edo Castle. (At age 49) 1600 (Keicho 5) Defeats Uesugi. Ishida Mitsunari commences the battle. Wins the victory in the Battle of Sekigahara. (At age 59) 1603 (Keicho 8) Receives the title of Seiitaishougun, or the military general, and establishes the Edo Bakufu, or the feudal military government. (At age 62) 1607 (Keicho 12) Repairs Sunpu Castle. Retires to Sunpu Castle. (At age 66) 1615 (Keicho 20) The Summer Siege of Osaka Castle. Yodo-dono and Hideyori at the age of 23 commits suicide. The Toyotomi family ends. (At age 74) 1616 (Genna 2) Appointed as Dajo-daijin, or the head of Great Council of States by the Imperial Court. His illness worsens and he dies on the 17th of April. Buried in Mt. Kunozan. (At age 75) Family crest: Permitted by The Tokugawa Memorial Foundation..
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  • Did You Know?

    Did You Know?

    Did You Know? By *Marjorie Charlot Black presence in the military and in wars can be traced to various periods of the ancient world and across cultures. Jugurtha was a North African patriot who initiated the Jugurthine War (112–105 B.C.). His guerrilla warfare would inflict embarrassing defeat upon the Roman legions. Authors Brunson and Rashidi quote Graham Webster when he wrote, “The wars of Jugurtha demonstrated the value of the nimble Moorish horsemen who Trajan later found so useful against the Dacians.”1 Black Conquistadors Juan Bardales was a free black slave who participated in the conquests of Honduras and Panama. For the part he played in the conquest of Honduras, he received an award consisting of an annual subsidy of 50 pesos.2 Nuflo de Olano was a slave conquistador and explorer. He was part of the Vasco Núñez de Balboa expedition, along with 30 other Africans, 190 Spaniards, and 1,000 Native Americans when they went through the jungle to cross the Isthmus of Panama. De Olano in 1513 was with Balboa when they first saw the Pacific Ocean.3 Antonio Pérez was a free North African who was a cavalryman and one of Diego de Losada’s most valued captains in 1568. Pérez took part in the conquest of Venezuela.4 He was described as “an old soldier of African wars who had been with the emperor at the storming of Tunis.”5 Juan Portugués was either black African or black Portuguese. He was involved in the conquest of Venezuela.6 Miguel Ruíz was a free Spanish mulatto who was a conquistador in Peru and one of two blacks in Francisco Pizarro’s company at Cajamarca.