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Wyniki Wyborów I Referendów Na Świecie WYNIKI WYBORÓW I REFERENDÓW NA ĝWIECIE „Studia Wyborcze”, tom 31, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26485/SW/2021/31/6 WYNIKI WYBORÓW PREZYDENCKICH, PARLAMENTARNYCH I REFERENDÓW NA ĝWIECIE W OKRESIE OD 1 PAħDZIERNIKA 2020 ROKU DO 31 MARCA 2021 ROKU W okresie od 1 paĨdziernika 2020 roku do 31 marca 2021 roku na Ğwiecie zostaáo przeprowadzonych osiemnaĞcie bezpoĞrednich wyborów prezydenckich, dwadzieĞcia siedem wyborów parlamentarnych oraz siedem referendów ogólno- krajowych. Liczba wyborów prezydenckich w stosunku do zestawienia za okres od 1 kwietnia 2020 roku do 30 wrzeĞnia 2020 roku byáa wiĊksza, a liczba wybo- rów parlamentarnych zmalaáa. Warto podkreĞliü, Īe analiza pytaĔ referendalnych wskazuje na ciągáy wzrost stosowania tej instytucji. Mimo panującej od roku pandemii koronawirusa*, która wpáynĊáa m.in. na wiele decyzji o odwoáaniu wy- borów czy referendów ogólnokrajowych, to w omawianym okresie wiĊkszoĞü planowanych wyborów siĊ odbyáa. W odniesieniu do zmian materii konstytucyj- nej oraz spraw bezpoĞrednio dotyczących obywateli odbyáo siĊ referendum ogól- nokrajowe, np. w Konfederacji Szwajcarskiej (7.03.2021 r.), gdzie przedmiotem byáy sprawy spoáeczne, w tym wprowadzenie zakazu peánego zakrywania twa- rzy, czy w Nowej Zelandii (17.10.2020 r.), gdzie referendum dotyczyáo legaliza- cji konopi indyjskich, czy w koĔcu referendum konstytucyjne w Republice Chile (25.10.2020 r.) dotyczące wprowadzenia nowej konstytucji. Reasumując, naleĪy wyraĨnie wskazaü, Īe w omawianym okresie wciąĪ wzrasta liczba przeprowadzonych referendów, a materia pytaĔ referendalnych wciąĪ dotyczy szerokiego zakresu przedmiotowego, od szeroko pojĊtej materii konstytucyjnej, po sprawy spoáeczne, bezpoĞrednio dotyczące obywateli. * ĝwiatowa pandemia zakaĨnej choroby COVID-19 wywoáywanej przez koronawirusa SARS- CoV-2. Epidemia rozpoczĊáa siĊ w grudniu 2019 w mieĞcie Wuhan, w prowincji Hubei w Ğrod- kowych Chinach, a 11.03.2020 zostaáa uznana przez ĝwiatową OrganizacjĊ Zdrowia (WHO) za pandemiĊ. 100 WYNIKI WYBORÓW I REFERENDÓW NA ĝWIECIE W przypadku paĔstw, w których odbyáo siĊ w omawianym okresie referendum, naleĪy zauwaĪyü pewną rysującą siĊ, moim zdaniem, prawidáowoĞü, a mianowicie siĊganie do tej instytucji nie tylko w Konfederacji Szwajcarskiej, ale równieĪ w in- nych krajach, w których dotąd nie byáa stosowana bądĨ jest ona stosunkowo rzadko wykorzystywana. Przykáadem jest Republika Kirgiska czy Republika Chile, w któ- rych przedmiotem referendum uczyniono problem odnoszący siĊ do wprowadze- nia nowych regulacji konstytucyjnych czy zmian systemu ustrojowego (Republika Chile). Pozwala to stwierdziü, Īe zaangaĪowanie spoáeczeĔstwa w ksztaátowanie decyzji w sprawach istotnych dla funkcjonowania paĔstwa i jego obywateli jest widoczne. JeĪeli chodzi o partycypacjĊ wyborczą obywateli, byáa ona róĪna i wa- haáa siĊ od najniĪszej 39,12% (Republika Kirgiska) do najwyĪszej 85,69% (Nowa Kaledonia). W przypadku wyborów prezydenckich na szczególną uwagĊ zasáugują wy- bory w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki (3.11.2020 r.), Republice Moádawii (1.11.2020 r. – I tura, 15.11.2020 r. – II tura) oraz w Republice Portugalskiej (24.01.2021 r.). Wybory prezydenckie Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki zostaáy przeprowa- dzone 3 listopada 2020 roku. Byáy to piĊüdziesiąte dziewiąte wybory prezydenc- kie, w wyniku których wyáoniony zostaá czterdziesty szósty prezydent Stanów Zjednoczonych na kolejne cztery lata. ÓwczeĞnie urzĊdujący prezydent Donald Trump z Partii RepublikaĔskiej (Republican Party) ubiegaá siĊ o reelekcjĊ, a jego najwiĊkszym konkurentem byá Joe Biden z Partii Demokratycznej (Democratic Party), który zwyciĊĪyá w tych wyborach. Wyborcy mogli braü w nich udziaá gáosując osobiĞcie lub korespondencyjnie. Oddano ponad 158 milionów gáosów, co jest najwyĪszym wynikiem w historii Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki. Fre- kwencja wyniosáa 66,70% Wybory prezydenckie w Republice Moádawii odbyáy siĊ w dwóch turach: 1 li- stopada 2020 roku oraz 15 listopada 2020 roku. W obu turach wygraáa kandy- datka Partii Akcji i SolidarnoĞci (Partidul Ac܊iune ܈i Solidaritate) Maia Sandu, uzyskują w pierwszej turze 36,16% poparcia, w drugiej turze 57,72% poparcia. Frekwencja wyniosáa 45,68%. Wybory prezydenckie w Republice Portugalskiej odbyáy siĊ w niedzielĊ 24 stycznia 2021 roku. Ubiegający siĊ o reelekcjĊ prezydent Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (Partia Socjaldemokratyczna – Partido Social Democrata) zwyciĊĪyá ponownie w pierwszej turze gáosowania uzyskując 60,7% poparcia. Frekwencja wyniosáa 39,3%. W przypadku wyborów parlamentarnych na szczególną uwagĊ zasáugują wy- bory do Senatu w Republice Czeskiej, które odbyáy siĊ w dwóch turach 2–3 paĨ- dziernika 2020 roku (I tura) i 9–10 paĨdziernika 2020 roku (II tura), zgodnie z postanowieniem prezydenta Miloša Zemana z 9 kwietnia 2020 roku. Wybrano na szeĞcioletnią kadencjĊ 27 senatorów, odnawiając tym samym 1/3 skáadu WYNIKI WYBORÓW I REFERENDÓW NA ĝWIECIE 101 Senatu. ZwyciĊzcą wyborów zostaáa partia Starostové a nezávislí (Burmistrzowie i NiezaleĪni), zdobywając 10 mandatów. NajwiĊkszą reprezentacjĊ w Senacie na kadencjĊ 2020–2022 zachowaáa jednak Obþanská demokratická strana (Obywa- telska Partia Demokratyczna). Frekwencja wyborcza w pierwszej turze wyborów byáa o 20 punktów procentowych wyĪsza (wyniosáa 36,74) niĪ tydzieĔ wczeĞniej, kiedy wyniosáa 16,74%. Magdalena Wrzalik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-9659 10 2 WYBORY PREZYDENCKIE Wynik Frekwencja Data PaĔstwo poparcie zwyciĊzca w % w % 11.10.2020 Ersin Tatar (I tura) Turecka Republika 58,22 (I tura) (Ulusal Birlik Partisi) 51,69 18.10.2020 Cypru Póánocnego 67,29 (II tura) (National Unity Party – UBP) (II tura) WYNIKI WYBORÓWIREFERENDÓWNA Emomali Rahmon Republika 11.10.2020 (Ԟɢɡɛɢ Ⱦɟɦɨɤɪɚɬश-ɏɚɥԕशɢ Ɍɨऐɢɤɢɫɬɨɧ) 92,08 85,44 TadĪykistanu (Peopleތs Democratic Party) Luis Arce (Movimiento al Socialismo – Instrumento Político Wielonarodowe 18.10.2020 por la Soberanía de los Pueblos) 55,10 88,42 PaĔstwo Boliwia (Movement for Socialism – Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples) Alpha Condé 18.10.2020 Gwinea (Rassemblement du Peuple Guinéen) 59,50 96,06 (Rally of the Guinean People) 22–24.10. Wavel Ramkalawan Republika Seszeli 54,91 88,45 2020 (Seychelles National Party) ĝ WIECIE WYNIKI WYBORÓW I REFERENDÓW NA WYNIKI WYBORÓWIREFERENDÓWNA John Magufuli* Zjednoczona 28.10.2020 (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) 84,40 98,27/84,00 Republika Tanzanii (Party of the Revolution) Alassane Ouattara Republika WybrzeĪa 31.10.2020 (Rassemblement des Républicains) 95,30 53,90 KoĞci Sáoniowej (Rally of the Republicans) 1.11.2020 Maia Sandu (I tura) 45,68 (I tura) Republika Moádawii (Partidul Ac܊iune ܈i Solidaritate) 57,72 15.11.2020 – (II tura) (Action and Solidarity Party) (II tura) Surangel Whipps Jr. 3.11.2020 Republika Palau 56,71 60,90 (niezaleĪny) Stany Zjednoczone Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. ĝ 3.11.2020 51,31 66,70 WIECIE Ameryki (Democratic Party) Roch Marc Christian Kaboré 22.11.2020 Burkina Faso (Mouvement du Peuple pour le Progrès) 57,74 50,22 (People’s Movement for Progress) Nana Akufo-Addo 7.12.2020 Ghana 51,30 78,89 (New Patriotic Party) 27.12.2020 Faustin-Archange Touadéra (I tura) Republika (Mouvement cœurs unis) 53,92 76,32 14.03.2021 ĝrodkowoafrykaĔska (United Hearts Movement) (II tura) 10 * Prezydent John Magufuli zmará 17 marca 2021 roku. 3 10 27.12.2020 4 Mohamed Bazoum (I tura) Federalna 69,68 (I tura) (Parti Nigérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme) 55,67 21.02.2021 Republika Nigerii 62,91 (II tura) (Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism) (II tura) Sadyr DĪaparow 10.01.2021 Republika Kirgiska (Ɇɟɤɟɧɱɢɥ) 79,20 39,16 (Patriotic) Yoweri Museveni 14.01.2021 Uganda (Harakati za Upinzani za Kitaifa) 58,38 59,35 (National Resistance Movement) WYNIKI WYBORÓW I REFERENDÓW NA WYNIKI WYBORÓWIREFERENDÓWNA Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Republika 24.01.2021 (Partido Social Democrata) 60,70 39,30 Portugalska (Social Democratic Party) Denis Sassou Nguesso 21.03.2021 Republika Konga (Parti Congolais du Travail) 88,57 – (Congolese Party of Labour)* ĝ WIECIE * Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas – kandydat na prezydenta opozycji, zmará w dniu wyborów z powodu COVID-19 w samolocie lecącym do Francji w celu leczenia. WYNIKI WYBORÓW I REFERENDÓW NA WYNIKI WYBORÓWIREFERENDÓWNA WYBORY PARLAMENTARNE Wynik Frekwencja Data PaĔstwo poparcie zwyciĊzca mandaty w % w % Bermudy Progressive Labour Party 62,09 30 House of Assembly One Bermuda Alliance 32,27 6 1.10.2020 of Bermuda 60,93 Free Democratic Movement 5,37 0 Izba Zgromadzenia Independents (niezaleĪni) 0,26 0 36 mandatów Mayors and Independents 23,13 10 Civic Democratic Party 18,23 5 ĝ YES 2011 8,74 1 WIECIE 2–3.10.2020 Republika Czeska Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak 36,74 (I tura) Senát Peopleތs Party 14,47 3 (I tura) 9–10.10. Senate TOP 09 7,51 2 16,74 2020 Senat Czech Pirate Party 4,61 1 (II tura) (II tura) 27 senatorów* Senator 21 5,55 2 Party of Free Citizens 1,87 1 Hradec Králové Democratic Club 3,35 1 Mayors for the Liberec Region 1,55 1 10 * Wybranych zostaáo na szeĞcioletnią kadencjĊ 27 senatorów, odnawiając tym samym 1/3 skáadu Senatu (81 przedstawicieli). 5 10 Guernsey 6 Guernsey Partnership of Independents 24,02 10 States of Guernsey 7.10.2020 Guernsey Party 10,01 6 79,70 Stany Guernsey Independents (niezaleĪni) 62,61 22 38 z 40 mandatów* Homeland Union 25,77 50 Farmers and Greens 18,07 32 Social Democratic 9,59 13 Republika Liberal Movement 7,04 13 11.10.2020 47,54 Litewska Freedom 9,45 11 (I tura) (I tura) Seimas Labour 9,77 10 25.10.2020 38,95 Sejm AWPL 4,97 3 WYNIKI WYBORÓWIREFERENDÓWNA (II tura) (II tura) 141 mandatów** LSDDP 3,28 3 LT 2,06 1 Green
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