An Easy and Concise Introduction to Modern Geography
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^ l&i 12.2 12.0 1.1 11.25 6" Photographic V>'> 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTtR.N.Y. MSSO Sciences (716)«7a-4S03 Corporation CIHM/ICMH CIHM/iCIVIH ^mg Microfiche Collection de Series. microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques \\ Technical and Bibliographic Notat/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat L'Institut a microfilm* la meilleur exemplaire original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of thia qu'il lui a 6x6 possible de se procurer. Les details copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha point de vue bibliographiqua. qui peulrent modifier raproduction, or which may rignificantly changa une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une tha uauai mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. modification dana la mithoda normale de filmage aont indiquto ci-dassous. Coloured covara/ Coloured pages/ Couvartura da coulaur Pagea de couleur Covara damaged/ Pagea damaged/ I I Couverture endommagte n Pagea andommagAea Covers restored and/or laminated/ Pages restored and/or laminated/ D Couverture reataurte et/ou pellicula Pages restaurias et/ou pelliculAes I Cover title missing/ Pagea discoloured, stained or foxed/ I— Le titre de couverture manque Pages dicolories. tacheties ou piqudes Coloured mapa/ Pages detached/ Cartas gtographiquas en couleur Pages ditachies Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 0Showthrough/ D Encro de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Tranaparance Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Quality of print varies/ Planchaa et/ou illustrations en couleur Quality inigale de I'impression Bound with other material/ Includes supplementary material/ D Relii avac d'autrea documents Comprend du material supplimentaire Tight binding may cause shadows or disvortion Only edition available/ D along interior margin/ D Seule Mition disponible La re liure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la diatortion le long de la marge intArieure Pagea wholly or partially obscured by errata D slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to Blank leaves added during restoration may ensure the best possible image/ D appear within the text. Whenever possible, these Les pagea totalement ou partialiement have been omitted from filming/ cbscurcies par un feuiliet d'errata, une pelure, II se peut que certaines pagea blanches ajout^aa etc., ont iti filmies 6 nouveau de fapon & lore d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, obtenir la meilleure image possible. mais, lorsqua cela ttait poasibia, ces pages n'ont pas 6x6 filmAes. Additional comments:/ n Commentaires suppi^mentaires; \ ' This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ ..; Ce document est film* au taux de rMuction indiqu* ci-dessous 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X ^ 12X 16X 20X a4x 28X 32X Th« copy filmed h«ra has been reproduced thanks L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grAce A la to the generosity of: gAnArosit4 de: National Library of Canada BibliothAque nationaia du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality Les images suivantes ont AtA reproduites avec le possible considering the condition and legibility plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at of the original copy and in keeping with the de la nettatA de I'exempiaire fiimt, et en filming contract specifications. conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. en Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture beginning with the front cover and ending on papier est JmprimAe sont fiimte en commenpant terminant soit par la the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- par le premier plat et en sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte other original copies are filmed beginning on the d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second les autres exemplaires first page with a printed or illustrated impres- plat, salon le cas. Tous par la sion, and ending on the last page with a printed originaux sont filmte en commenpant empreinte or illustrated impression. premiAre page qui comporte une d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. apparaltra sur la The last recorded frame on each microfiche Un des symboles suivants microfiche, selon le shall contain the symbol —^> (meaning "CON- dernlAre image de cheque TINUED"), or the symbol (meaning "END"), cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le whichever applies. symbols signifie "FIN". cartes, planches, tableaux, '9tc., peuvent Atre i\/laps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at Les reduction diff^rents. different reduction ratios. Those too large to be fiimte A des taux de trop grand pour Atre entirely included in one exposure are filmed Lorsque le document est clichA, 11 est filmA A partir beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to reproduit en un seui gauche, de gauche A droite, right and top to bottom, as many frames as de I'angle supArieur prenant le nombre required. The following diagrams illustrate the et de haut en bas, en method: d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 3 a t \ •f'--^ 2 3 ' A' 5 6 32X , 0. <Sx X.'. A, f j^ Mts^ /iv AN EASY AND CONClliffi'^^ ^^ lNTRODUCTIoi%%'^^ "^'5' to \ », MODERN GEOGRAPHY, CONTAINING I9n enlaroeti Account of tjie SUvflfsli 3fovtl) ^mevfcan ftolonfef farticularly WJiSl ^SBSr® W3P3PI^ia ©.^5MdS^®^« FOR THE USE OP CANADIAN SCHOOLS. [p <«j» lhxe\>ec, MlIKTED AKD SOLD BY W. COWAN AND SDK, ST. J0tU7 S11lfi£T« 184L Dutrtet ofi Quebec ) Prothonotary'a Office- the 23rd day of February, 1841. Be it remembered that on the twenty-third day of February in the Year of Oar Lord Christ one thousand eight hundred and forty one, William Cowan & Son have deposited in this Office, the Title of a work, which Title is in the words following, that is to say " An easy and concise introduction to Modern Geography, containing an enlar- American Jed account of the British North Colonies, particularly ^1 lower and Upper Canada, for the use of Canadian Schools" the right whereof they claim as proprietors. Entered according to the Act of the Prorincial Legislature, intituled " An Act for the protection of copy rights," by PERRAULT & BURROUGHS, Prothonotary of Her Majesty's Court o f King'9 Bench for District of Quebec a 6 ^ n m' etBLIOT^tfOSUWIAJORIS PBELIREINARY NOTIONS. Q. What is geography ? A. Geography is a description of the earth. ...^ Q. Of what form is the earth ? A. The earth, or globe, is nearly round, like aa orange. Q. How large is the earth ? A. The earth is about 25000 miles (a) in circumfer- 841. ence and 8000 in diameter. the far is the earth the sun ? one, Q. How from of a A. The earth is 96 millions of miles from the sun. easy the earth move ? ilar- Q, Does arly ^; A. Yes, it has two motions, the one round the sun the which it performs in a year, the other round its own ure, axis every twenty-four hours. by Q. What is meant by the earth's axis 9 ourt A. The earth's axis is an imaginary line from north ibeo to south passing through its centre. Q. What is meant by the poles 9 ' A. The poles are the two extremities of the earth's axis. One is the north or arctic pole, the other the south or antarctic pole. Q. What are the cardinal points ? I A. The cardinal points are the nor/^ or top of a map, the east or right-hand side, and tvest or left-hand side of the person facing a map. Q. What is a niap 7 (a). English miles, 69^ to a degree. \ A. A map is a picture of the earth or of a portion of the earth's surfnce. Q. What is the equator 9 A. The equator is a circuhir line equally distant from tfie two poles, culting the earth into halves, calleil hemispheres. One is the northern^ the other XYib southern \\^n\h\)\\e\e. Q. Wliat is the meridian ? A. The meridian is any circular line passing throuy^h the poles and cutting the earth into halves i «» b called the eastern and western hemispheres. Q. What IS latitude 9 A. Latitude is the distance on the meridian of any place to the eqnator : latitude is counted by degrees, of which a rircle, , 360 make , - ., &r Q. What '\s longitude 9 A. Longitude is the distance between two meri- dians, counted on the equator or on any circle parallel to the equijtor. .^ ,, Q. What are the tropics 9 A. The tropics are two small circles parallel to the equator on each side of it at the distance of 23 degrees and a half. The northern tropic is called the tropic of Cancer; the southern one^is called the tropic of Capricorn. Q. WUdt dTki the polar circles 9 A. The polar circles are two small circles situated 23J degrees Irom the poles. The northern one is called the arcttc circle ; the southern one, the aniarC' tic circle. Q. What are the zones 9 A. The zones are circular bands into which the surface of the earth is divided by thy tropics and polar circles. The wide band between the tropics is called the torrid zone ; the two between the tropics and polar circles are called the temperate zones ; and the est '), two between the poles and polar circles, the frigid or frozen zones. Q. What Is a continent 9 A. A continent is a vast extent of land not separated by water. ^ Q. Wlmi IS an island ? A.