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TAXON:Artemisia Vulgaris L. SCORE:16.0 RATING TAXON: Artemisia vulgaris L. SCORE: 16.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Artemisia vulgaris L. Family: Asteraceae Common Name(s): felonherb Synonym(s): Artemisia vulgaris var. coarctata green-ginger Artemisia vulgaris var. vulgaris mugwort Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 23 Nov 2020 WRA Score: 16.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Rhizomatous Herb, Weedy, Allergenic, Toxic Properties, Spreads Vegetatively Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 y 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 23 Nov 2020 (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Page 1 of 21 TAXON: Artemisia vulgaris L. SCORE: 16.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 n 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 2 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 y growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 y 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 n 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 23 Nov 2020 (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Page 2 of 21 TAXON: Artemisia vulgaris L. SCORE: 16.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [Long used, but no evidence of domestication] "Part of a species complex, A. vulgaris is widespread from Europe across Russia to Siberia, Japan, and Korea. Plants at the eastern, Asian end of chis Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora range look rather different from those in Europe and have been - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other given species names such as A. princeps Pampanini, which is Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI reported to be in Hawai'i. Because the taxonomy in this complex of species has not been worked out, for now we continue to use the name A. vulgaris for plants grown and naturalized here. Mugwort has a long history of human use throughout its range." Dempewolf, H., Rieseberg, L. H., & Cronk, Q. C. (2008). Crop domestication in the Compositae: a family-wide trait No mention of domestication in this publication assessment. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 55(8), 1141-1157 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. (2020). Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. (2020). Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native to Eurasia; in Hawai'i cultivated as a potherb, used to flavor Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of and color rice cakes for festivals, and occasionally sparingly the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University naturalized in disturbed areas at least on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. First collected on Hawai'i in 1916 (Kelly s.n., BISH)." Creation Date: 23 Nov 2020 (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Page 3 of 21 TAXON: Artemisia vulgaris L. SCORE: 16.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer "Native Africa NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Tunisia Asia-Temperate WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Azerbaijan, Georgia SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Buryatia, Gorno-Altay, Tyva, Respublika, Yakutia-Sakha, Altay, Krasnoyarsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Kemerovskaja oblast', Kurganskaja oblast', Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen] MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant MONGOLIA: Mongolia Germplasm System. (2020). Germplasm Resources CHINA: China [Gansu Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng (w.), Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy). National Qinghai Sheng, Xizang Zizhiqu] Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Europe https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/. [Accessed 18 Nov 2020] NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym) SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. (2020). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/. [Accessed ] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes "Globally, A. vulgaris is tolerant of a wide range of climatic conditions and is reported to occur from the high mountainous regions (3700 m) of the Northern Himalayas (Koul 1964) to the warm temperate Barney, J. N., & DiTommaso, A. (2003). The biology of regions of South America (Holm et al. 1997). The only two continents Canadian weeds. 118. Artemisia vulgaris L. Canadian where A. vulgaris has not been documented are Africa and Journal of Plant Science, 83(1), 205-215 Antarctica. It has been reported that A. vulgaris is well adapted to a cool climate, as populations have rarely been found south of latitude 45° (Rousseau 1968)." Missouri Botanical Garden. (2020). Artemisia vulgaris . https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. [Accessed 20 "Zone: 3 to 8" Nov 2020] Creation Date: 23 Nov 2020 (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Page 4 of 21 TAXON: Artemisia vulgaris L. SCORE: 16.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y., (eds.). 2011. Flora of [Elevation range 2300 m] "Roadsides, slopes, canyons, forest China Volume 20-21 (Asteraceae). Science Press, Beijing & margins, forest steppes, subalpine steppes; ϭϱϬϬʹϯϴϬϬm." Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Native to Eurasia; in Hawai'i cultivated as a potherb, used to flavor Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of and color rice cakes for festivals, and occasionally sparingly the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University naturalized in disturbed areas at least on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. First collected on Hawai'i in 1916 (Kelly s.n., BISH)." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Flowering mid summerʹlate fall. Sandy or loamy soils, forested areas, coastal strands, roadsides; ϬʹϱϬϬm; introduced; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Alaska, Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Flora of North America. (2020). Artemisia vulgaris. Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., N.H., http://www.efloras.org. [Accessed 18 Nov 2020] N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; Eurasia.
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