DOCSLIB.ORG

Biodiversity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biodiversity Appendix I Biodiversity Appendix I1 Literature Review – Biodiversity Resources in the Oil Sands Region of Alberta Syncrude Canada Ltd. Mildred Lake Extension Project Volume 3 – EIA Appendices December 2014 APPENDIX I1: LITERATURE REVIEW – BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES IN THE OIL SANDS REGION OF ALBERTA TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 BIOTIC DIVERSTY DATA AND SUMMARIES ................................................................ 1 1.1 Definition ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Biodiversity Policy and Assessments .................................................................... 1 1.3 Environmental Setting ........................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Ecosystems ........................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Biota ...................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Key Issues ............................................................................................................. 9 1.4.1 Alteration of Landscapes and Landforms ............................................. 9 1.4.2 Ecosystem (Habitat) Alteration ........................................................... 10 1.4.3 Habitat Fragmentation and Edge Effects ............................................ 10 1.4.4 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................. 12 1.4.5 Climate Change .................................................................................. 12 1.4.6 Wetland Alteration ............................................................................... 13 1.4.7 Air and Water Emissions ..................................................................... 14 1.4.8 Hydrological Alterations ...................................................................... 14 1.4.9 Forest Structure and Productivity ........................................................ 15 1.4.10 Biotic Alterations ................................................................................. 16 1.5 Reclamation ........................................................................................................ 16 1.5.1 Background and Definition .................................................................. 16 1.5.2 Objectives and Goals .......................................................................... 18 1.5.3 Risks ................................................................................................... 18 1.5.4 Reclamation History ............................................................................ 21 1.5.5 Overview and Goals of Current Oil Sands Reclamation ..................... 23 1.5.6 Reclamation Preparations ................................................................... 24 1.5.7 Reclamation Processes ...................................................................... 28 1.5.8 Reclamation Measures for Important Biodiversity Resources ............ 36 1.5.9 Monitoring of Reclamation Sites ......................................................... 38 1.5.10 Summary ............................................................................................. 39 1.6 References .......................................................................................................... 39 Appendix I1 – Table of Contents Syncrude Canada Ltd. Mildred Lake Extension Project Volume 3 – EIA Appendices December 2014 1.0 BIOTIC DIVERSTY DATA AND SUMMARIES This literature review provides information on selected biodiversity resources in the oil sands region of Alberta. The purpose of this review is to provide background information to: aid in the selection of relevant indicators for the assessment of biodiversity resources; provide information on the most important natural and anthropogenic risks to these resources in association with activities typical in this region; and provide information on the mitigation of risks, including reclamation, for protection of these resources. 1.1 Definition As identified in the Syncrude Mildred Lake Extension environmental impact assessment (EIA), biodiversity is defined as the natural range of variability among and within living organisms and the ecological systems which they inhabit. This includes the composition, structure and distribution of biotic and abiotic resources (biodiversity resources) within a defined study area. Biodiversity resources include elements such as: natural landscapes, ecosystems and habitats (including their structures and functions), and the biota (i.e., terrestrial and aquatic plants, animals, and other organisms) which occur in these areas. 1.2 Biodiversity Policy and Assessments The protection of biodiversity resources is recognised as a shared responsibility among international bodies, nations, and local jurisdictions, as affirmed by the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy (Government of Canada 1995; United Nations 1992). Over the last 20 years, the importance of biodiversity has increased throughout Alberta and has been integrated into several acts, guidelines, policies and other initiatives, such as Alberta Wetland Policy (ESRD 2103a), Water for Life (AENV 2003) and the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (ASRD 2012). In addition, biodiversity is a major focus for monitoring and integration into best management practices by the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (e.g., ABMI 2009a), the Cumulative Effects Management Association (CEMA), Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA), and several other federal, provincial and industrial initiatives. Biodiversity has been identified as a separate discipline in Alberta Environment’s (AENV’s) Terms of Reference for Environmental Impact Assessments since the late 1990s. Project Terms of Reference (ESRD 2013b) and the Guide to Completing an EIA currently identify the need to examine a suite of biotic indicators at the species, habitat and landscape levels, to define these indicators, to gather appropriate data to map and describe baseline conditions, and to assess impacts due to Project activities and fragmentation, assessing both local Project effects and regional cumulative effects. Syncrude Canada Ltd. (Syncrude) is committed to the protection of biodiversity through its policies (e.g., Syncrude 2006 Policy, referred to in Syncrude 2014a), action plans, and on the ground efforts (Syncrude 2014b). Syncrude’s environmental stewardship includes programs, Appendix I1 – Page 1 Syncrude Canada Ltd. Mildred Lake Extension Project Volume 3 – EIA Appendices December 2014 which ensure its operations do not have long-term, permanent impacts on local ecosystems. They recognise that: “Syncrude’s corporate success depends upon its commitment to protecting and promoting the safety and well being of its employees, contractors, local communities and the environment along with the biological biodiversity dependent on it” (Syncrude 2014a). This includes a commitment to demonstrate operational excellence and to restore any lost or affected environmental values on their project sites. Syncrude is committed to reducing its effects on the environment through: minimization of disturbance including maintaining a riparian buffer next to large rivers; energy conservation, including research initiatives to reduce energy consumption; emission reductions; water conservation and use of recycled water; protecting wildlife which occur within operation areas; site reclamation and ecosystem restoration activities including progressive reclamation completed on areas no longer in use; inclusion of Aboriginal groups and stakeholders in the environmental decision process; and requiring contracted companies to meet Syncrude’s environmental standards. Syncrude recognizes that reclamation of disturbed lands is likely the most important of these commitments for protecting biodiversity resources. 1.3 Environmental Setting The oil sands region of Alberta is located in the boreal forest biome; this is the world’s largest terrestrial biome stretching across much of the northern hemisphere. Existing biodiversity resources in the oil sands region are supported by the surrounding environment, including the regional climate, landscape features, hydrological system, soils, and ecosystems. Understanding potential effects on biodiversity is intrinsically linked to understanding how these attributes contribute to local and regional biodiversity, and which of these attributes are most likely affected by developments in the oil sands region. 1.3.1 Ecosystems The Mildred Lake Extension Project (MLX Project) is located in the Central Mixedwood Subregion (CMS) of the Boreal Forest Natural Region (Natural Regions Committee 2006). The CMS is the largest Natural Subregion in Alberta. The terrain is of low relief with level to undulating terrain. Parent materials are primarily derived from glaciolacustrine materials (clay soils) and unconsolidated tills (rocky/sandy soils), with characteristic features such as morainal hummocks, reworked aeolian features (dunes) and glaciofluvial/fluvial deposits in valley areas. The climate is cool and moist, with a mean annual temperature of 0ºC. In summer, the mean temperature is +16ºC, and in winter the mean temperature is -19ºC. Mean annual precipitation is 455 mm, with most falling as rain in June, July and August, with minimal snowfall amounts in winter months of an average year. Appendix I1 – Page 2 Syncrude
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Likely to Have Habitat Within Iras That ALLOW Road
    Item 3a - Sensitive Species National Master List By Region and Species Group Not likely to have habitat within IRAs Not likely to have Federal Likely to have habitat that DO NOT ALLOW habitat within IRAs Candidate within IRAs that DO Likely to have habitat road (re)construction that ALLOW road Forest Service Species Under NOT ALLOW road within IRAs that ALLOW but could be (re)construction but Species Scientific Name Common Name Species Group Region ESA (re)construction? road (re)construction? affected? could be affected? Bufo boreas boreas Boreal Western Toad Amphibian 1 No Yes Yes No No Plethodon vandykei idahoensis Coeur D'Alene Salamander Amphibian 1 No Yes Yes No No Rana pipiens Northern Leopard Frog Amphibian 1 No Yes Yes No No Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Ammodramus bairdii Baird's Sparrow Bird 1 No No Yes No No Anthus spragueii Sprague's Pipit Bird 1 No No Yes No No Centrocercus urophasianus Sage Grouse Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Cygnus buccinator Trumpeter Swan Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Falco peregrinus anatum American Peregrine Falcon Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Gavia immer Common Loon Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Histrionicus histrionicus Harlequin Duck Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Oreortyx pictus Mountain Quail Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Otus flammeolus Flammulated Owl Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Picoides albolarvatus White-Headed Woodpecker Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Picoides arcticus Black-Backed Woodpecker Bird 1 No Yes Yes No No Speotyto cunicularia Burrowing
    [Show full text]
  • July 2008 Volume 31 Number 4
    Sego Lily July 2008 31 (4) July 2008 Volume 31 Number 4 Salt Lake Chapter Trek to the Beaver Dam Mountains By Bill Gray In April, eight Salt Lake Chapter members took a break from their long winter and headed south as far as they could get, actually ending up just over the border in Arizona. Somehow the Virgin River gorge and that part of the Beaver Dam Moun- tains feel as though they really be- long in Utah. Most of you have probably driven through the gorge on Interstate 15 en route to/from Las Vegas or Southern California, and have ad- mired the steep rugged cliffs where the river has carved its way down. From a speeding car it is possible to spot a few of the obvious standout plants of the Mojave Desert – Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), Above: Crevice penstemon, Penstemon petiolatus, grows in Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) mostly inaccessible crevices in rugged limestone cliffs in and rather modest specimens of Le- Utah’s Beaver Dam Mountains. Photo by Bill Gray conte's barrel cactus (Ferocactus acanthodes var. lecontei). But we wanted to take time to get In this issue: out and really experience first hand the other unusual plants from this Salt Lake Chapter Trek to the Beaver Dam Mountains . 1 area. In this we were very fortunate UNPS and Chapter News . 2 to have one of the best possible Bulletin Board . 3 guides in Dr. Larry Higgins. Larry Q and A: Growing Sego Lilies . 6 grew up in the area, getting to know Richard Joshua Shaw (1923-2008) .
    [Show full text]
  • Guide Alaska Trees
    x5 Aá24ftL GUIDE TO ALASKA TREES %r\ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE Agriculture Handbook No. 472 GUIDE TO ALASKA TREES by Leslie A. Viereck, Principal Plant Ecologist Institute of Northern Forestry Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station ÜSDA Forest Service, Fairbanks, Alaska and Elbert L. Little, Jr., Chief Dendrologist Timber Management Research USD A Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Agriculture Handbook No. 472 Supersedes Agriculture Handbook No. 5 Pocket Guide to Alaska Trees United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Washington, D.C. December 1974 VIERECK, LESLIE A., and LITTLE, ELBERT L., JR. 1974. Guide to Alaska trees. U.S. Dep. Agrie., Agrie. Handb. 472, 98 p. Alaska's native trees, 32 species, are described in nontechnical terms and illustrated by drawings for identification. Six species of shrubs rarely reaching tree size are mentioned briefly. There are notes on occurrence and uses, also small maps showing distribution within the State. Keys are provided for both summer and winter, and the sum- mary of the vegetation has a map. This new Guide supersedes *Tocket Guide to Alaska Trees'' (1950) and is condensed and slightly revised from ''Alaska Trees and Shrubs" (1972) by the same authors. OXFORD: 174 (798). KEY WORDS: trees (Alaska) ; Alaska (trees). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number î 74—600104 Cover: Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)., the State tree and largest in Alaska, also one of the most valuable. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402—Price $1.35 Stock Number 0100-03308 11 CONTENTS Page List of species iii Introduction 1 Studies of Alaska trees 2 Plan 2 Acknowledgments [ 3 Statistical summary .
    [Show full text]
  • The Alaska-Yukon Region of the Circumboreal Vegetation Map (CBVM)
    CAFF Strategy Series Report September 2015 The Alaska-Yukon Region of the Circumboreal Vegetation Map (CBVM) ARCTIC COUNCIL Acknowledgements CAFF Designated Agencies: • Norwegian Environment Agency, Trondheim, Norway • Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada • Faroese Museum of Natural History, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark) • Finnish Ministry of the Environment, Helsinki, Finland • Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavik, Iceland • Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Greenland • Russian Federation Ministry of Natural Resources, Moscow, Russia • Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden • United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska CAFF Permanent Participant Organizations: • Aleut International Association (AIA) • Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC) • Gwich’in Council International (GCI) • Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) • Russian Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) • Saami Council This publication should be cited as: Jorgensen, T. and D. Meidinger. 2015. The Alaska Yukon Region of the Circumboreal Vegetation map (CBVM). CAFF Strategies Series Report. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. ISBN: 978- 9935-431-48-6 Cover photo: Photo: George Spade/Shutterstock.com Back cover: Photo: Doug Lemke/Shutterstock.com Design and layout: Courtney Price For more information please contact: CAFF International Secretariat Borgir, Nordurslod 600 Akureyri, Iceland Phone: +354 462-3350 Fax: +354 462-3390 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.caff.is CAFF Designated
    [Show full text]
  • Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Kaleigh Spickerman for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on June 11, 2015 Title: Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Bruce McCune Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set of key traits and universal system of trait measurement. Many recent studies hypothesize global generality of trait patterns, which would allow for comparison among ecosystems and biomes and provide a foundation for general rules and theories, the so-called “Holy Grail” of ecology. However, the majority of these studies focus on functional trait patterns of vascular plants, with a minority examining the patterns of cryptograms such as lichens. Lichens are an important component of many ecosystems due to their contributions to biodiversity and their key ecosystem services, such as contributions to mineral and hydrological cycles and ecosystem food webs. Lichens are also of special interest because of their reliance on atmospheric deposition for nutrients and water, which makes them particularly sensitive to air pollution. Therefore, they are often used as bioindicators of air pollution, climate change, and general ecosystem health. This thesis examines the functional trait patterns of lichens in two contrasting regions with fundamentally different kinds of data. To better understand the patterns of lichen functional traits, we examined reproductive, morphological, and chemical trait variation along precipitation and temperature gradients in Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of New Zealand Mosses
    FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND MOSSES BRACHYTHECIACEAE A.J. FIFE Fascicle 46 – JUNE 2020 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2020. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: "Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: "Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Fife, Allan J. (Allan James), 1951- Flora of New Zealand : mosses. Fascicle 46, Brachytheciaceae / Allan J. Fife. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2020. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-65-1 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34747-0 (set) 1. Mosses -- New Zealand -- Identification. I. Title. II. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.345.16(931) DC 588.20993 DOI: 10.7931/w15y-gz43 This work should be cited as: Fife, A.J. 2020: Brachytheciaceae. In: Smissen, R.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand – Mosses. Fascicle 46. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/w15y-gz43 Date submitted: 9 May 2019 ; Date accepted: 15 Aug 2019 Cover image: Eurhynchium asperipes, habit with capsule, moist. Drawn by Rebecca Wagstaff from A.J. Fife 6828, CHR 449024. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Typification...............................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with Emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium
    Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium QI-YING, CAI1, 2, BI-CAI, GUAN2, GANG, GE2, YAN-MING, FANG 1 1 College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. 2 College of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present molecular phylogenetic investigation of Thuidiaceae, especially on Thudium and Pelekium. Three chloroplast sequences (trnL-F, rps4, and atpB-rbcL) and one nuclear sequence (ITS) were analyzed. Data partitions were analyzed separately and in combination by employing MP (maximum parsimony) and Bayesian methods. The influence of data conflict in combined analyses was further explored by two methods: the incongruence length difference (ILD) test and the partition addition bootstrap alteration approach (PABA). Based on the results, ITS 1& 2 had crucial effect in phylogenetic reconstruction in this study, and more chloroplast sequences should be combinated into the analyses since their stability for reconstructing within genus of pleurocarpous mosses. We supported that Helodiaceae including Actinothuidium, Bryochenea, and Helodium still attributed to Thuidiaceae, and the monophyletic Thuidiaceae s. lat. should also include several genera (or species) from Leskeaceae such as Haplocladium and Leskea. In the Thuidiaceae, Thuidium and Pelekium were resolved as two monophyletic groups separately. The results from molecular phylogeny were supported by the crucial morphological characters in Thuidiaceae s. lat., Thuidium and Pelekium. Key words: Thuidiaceae, Thuidium, Pelekium, molecular phylogeny, cpDNA, ITS, PABA approach Introduction Pleurocarpous mosses consist of around 5000 species that are defined by the presence of lateral perichaetia along the gametophyte stems. Monophyletic pleurocarpous mosses were resolved as three orders: Ptychomniales, Hypnales, and Hookeriales (Shaw et al.
    [Show full text]
  • One Hundred New Species of Lichenized Fungi: a Signature of Undiscovered Global Diversity
    Phytotaxa 18: 1–127 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Monograph PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) PHYTOTAXA 18 One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH1*, TEUVO AHTI2, SUSANNE ALTERMANN3, GUILLERMO AMO DE PAZ4, ANDRÉ APTROOT5, ULF ARUP6, ALEJANDRINA BÁRCENAS PEÑA7, PAULINA A. BAWINGAN8, MICHEL N. BENATTI9, LUISA BETANCOURT10, CURTIS R. BJÖRK11, KANSRI BOONPRAGOB12, MAARTEN BRAND13, FRANK BUNGARTZ14, MARCELA E. S. CÁCERES15, MEHTMET CANDAN16, JOSÉ LUIS CHAVES17, PHILIPPE CLERC18, RALPH COMMON19, BRIAN J. COPPINS20, ANA CRESPO4, MANUELA DAL-FORNO21, PRADEEP K. DIVAKAR4, MELIZAR V. DUYA22, JOHN A. ELIX23, ARVE ELVEBAKK24, JOHNATHON D. FANKHAUSER25, EDIT FARKAS26, LIDIA ITATÍ FERRARO27, EBERHARD FISCHER28, DAVID J. GALLOWAY29, ESTER GAYA30, MIREIA GIRALT31, TREVOR GOWARD32, MARTIN GRUBE33, JOSEF HAFELLNER33, JESÚS E. HERNÁNDEZ M.34, MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES HERRERA CAMPOS7, KLAUS KALB35, INGVAR KÄRNEFELT6, GINTARAS KANTVILAS36, DOROTHEE KILLMANN28, PAUL KIRIKA37, KERRY KNUDSEN38, HARALD KOMPOSCH39, SERGEY KONDRATYUK40, JAMES D. LAWREY21, ARMIN MANGOLD41, MARCELO P. MARCELLI9, BRUCE MCCUNE42, MARIA INES MESSUTI43, ANDREA MICHLIG27, RICARDO MIRANDA GONZÁLEZ7, BIBIANA MONCADA10, ALIFERETI NAIKATINI44, MATTHEW P. NELSEN1, 45, DAG O. ØVSTEDAL46, ZDENEK PALICE47, KHWANRUAN PAPONG48, SITTIPORN PARNMEN12, SERGIO PÉREZ-ORTEGA4, CHRISTIAN PRINTZEN49, VÍCTOR J. RICO4, EIMY RIVAS PLATA1, 50, JAVIER ROBAYO51, DANIA ROSABAL52, ULRIKE RUPRECHT53, NORIS SALAZAR ALLEN54, LEOPOLDO SANCHO4, LUCIANA SANTOS DE JESUS15, TAMIRES SANTOS VIEIRA15, MATTHIAS SCHULTZ55, MARK R. D. SEAWARD56, EMMANUËL SÉRUSIAUX57, IMKE SCHMITT58, HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN59, MOHAMMAD SOHRABI 2, 60, ULRIK SØCHTING61, MAJBRIT ZEUTHEN SØGAARD61, LAURENS B. SPARRIUS62, ADRIANO SPIELMANN63, TOBY SPRIBILLE33, JUTARAT SUTJARITTURAKAN64, ACHRA THAMMATHAWORN65, ARNE THELL6, GÖRAN THOR66, HOLGER THÜS67, EINAR TIMDAL68, CAMILLE TRUONG18, ROMAN TÜRK69, LOENGRIN UMAÑA TENORIO17, DALIP K.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
    UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC
    [Show full text]
  • The Lichens of Orchid Glade, Boulge, Suffolk
    The Lichens of Orchid Glade, Boulge, Suffolk. GR 62(T M)/252.516 Date May 31st 2014 C. J. B. Hitch The site, approximately ten acres, on heavy, originally, arable land and now with the surface compacted, uneven and liable to flooding, runs north south as an approximate rectangle. The outer edge consists of dense woodland, of basically small boled trees, which is dark and devoid of lichens, but which acts as a good shelterbelt and therefore farm sprays and fertilizers are excluded, as evidenced by the lack of much Xanthorion elements at the site. Inside this shelterbelt is a perimeter barbed wire fence with gates at strategic intervals, though the shelterbelt is part of the reserve. Inside the fence, a ride approximately 15 to 20ft wide exists, except at the extreme southern boundary, which is still wooded and easily floods, during periods of heavy rain. The centre of the reserve, is covered with trees of various ages except for a smallish open area near the centre, where the orchids are situated, though even here a few free standing trees, willow, ash, field maple and three apples are scattered about. Also present is a small water filled hole, surrounded by 1 inch square wooden stakes, colonised with lichens. Species List for the site. During the visit to the site, 28 lichens with 1 unidentified, 2 fungi, recorded by lichenologists, as they were once thought to be lichenised and 2 lichenicolous fungi (fungi that live on or in lichens), were seen. The ranking given for each species below, reflects its presence on site and not its abundance in Suffolk as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 4 Appendices
    Part 4 Appendices HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 139 Appendix 1. Proclamation of Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve 140 MANAGEMENT PLAN HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 141 142 MANAGEMENT PLAN Appendix 2. Native Fauna of the HIMI Marine Reserve Listed Under the EPBC Act Scientific Name Common Name Birds recorded as breeding Aptenodytes patagonicus king penguin S Catharacta lonnbergi subantarctic skua S Daption capense cape petrel S Diomeda exulans wandering albatross V S M B J A Diomeda melanophrys black–browed albatross S M B A Eudyptes chrysocome southern rockhopper penguin S Eudyptes chrysolophus macaroni penguin S Larus dominicanus kelp gull S Macronectes giganteus southern giant petrel E S M B A Oceanites oceanicus Wilson’s storm petrel S M J Pachyptila crassirostris fulmar prion S Pachyptila desolata Antarctic prion S Pelecanoides georgicus South Georgian diving petrel S Pelecanoides urinatrix common diving petrel S Phalacrocorax atriceps (e) Heard Island cormorant V S Phoebetria palpebrata light mantled sooty albatross S M B A Pygoscelis papua gentoo penguin S Sterna vittata Antarctic tern V S Non–breeding birds Catharacta maccormicki south polar skua S M J Diomedea epomophora southern royal albatross V S M B A Fregetta grallaria white–bellied storm petrel S Fregetta tropica black–bellied storm petrel S Fulmarus glacialoides southern fulmar S Garrodia nereis grey–backed storm petrel S Halobaena caerulea blue petrel V S Macronectes halli northern giant petrel V S M B A Pachyptila belcheri
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying and Appreciating the Native and Naturalized Grasses of California
    IDENTIFYING AND APPRECIATING THE NATIVE AND NATURALIZED GRASSES OF CALIFORNIA Materials Selected and Presented by David Amme for class offered on May 8, 2003, Seaside, CA under the auspices of California Native Grass Association P.O Box 72405 • Davis, CA 95617 Voice: 530-759-8458 FAX 530-753-1553 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.cnga.org Identifying and Appreciating the Native and Naturalized Grasses of California California Native Grass Association California Native Grass Association Identifying and Appreciating the Native and Naturalized Grasses of California WHAT IS A GRASS? KEY TO GRASSES, SEDGES AND RUSHES 1a Flowers with stiff, greenish or brownish, 6 parted perianth (calyx and corolla); stamens 6 or 3; fruit a many-seeded capsule; leaves usually wiry and round in cross section . RUSH FAMILY (Juncaceae) lb Flowers without evident calyx or corolla, gathered into short scaly clusters (spikelets); stamens 3; fruit with a single seed. 2 2a Leaves in 2 vertical rows or ranks; leaf sheaths usually split, with overlapping edges; stems usually round in cross section and hollow between the joints; each flower of the spikelet contained between 2 bracts, the lemma and the palea . GRASS FAMILY (Cramineae) 2b Leaves in 3 vertical rows or ranks; leaf sheaths tubular, not split; stems often triangular in cross section and solid between joints; each flower of the spikelet in the axil of a single bract, the glume . SEDGE FAMILY (Cyperaceae) From: HOW TO KNOW THE GRASSES by Richard W. Pohl; Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers; Dubuque, Iowa. Identifying
    [Show full text]