Delft University of Technology Surface Thermal Analysis of North Brabant
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Delft University of Technology Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods during heat waves Echevarria Icaza, Leyre; van der Hoeven, Franklin; van den Dobbelsteen, Andy DOI 10.6092/1970-9870/3741 Publication date 2016 Document Version Final published version Published in Tema Citation (APA) Echevarria Icaza, L., van der Hoeven, F., & van den Dobbelsteen, A. (2016). Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods during heat waves. Tema, 9(1), 63-87. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/3741 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. 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Journal of TeMA Land Use, Mobility and Environment EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE 1 (2016) Published by Laboratory of Land Use Mobility and Environment DICEA - Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Naples "Federico II" TeMA is realized by CAB - Center for Libraries at “Federico II” University of Naples using Open Journal System Editor-in-chief: Rocco Papa print ISSN 1970-9889 | on line ISSN 1970-9870 Licence: Cancelleria del Tribunale di Napoli, n° 6 of 29/01/2008 Editorial correspondence Laboratory of Land Use Mobility and Environment DICEA - Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Naples "Federico II" Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Naples web: www.tema.unina.it e-mail: [email protected] Cover Image: Wind travels across Lake Washington, buffeting the 520 floating bridge as the storm grows in strength. (Steve Ringman / The Seattle Times). TeMA Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment 1 (2016) TeMA. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment offers researches, applications and contributions with a unified approach to planning and mobility and publishes original inter-disciplinary papers on the interaction of transport, land use and environment. Domains include: engineering, planning, modeling, behavior, economics, geography, regional science, sociology, architecture and design, network science and complex systems. The Italian National Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes (ANVUR) classified TeMA as scientific journal in the Area 08. TeMA has also received the Sparc Europe Seal for Open Access Journals released by Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC Europe) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). TeMA is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License and is blind peer reviewed at least by two referees selected among high-profile scientists. TeMA has been published since 2007 and is indexed in the main bibliographical databases and it is present in the catalogues of hundreds of academic and research libraries worldwide. EDITOR IN-CHIEF Rocco Papa, University of Naples Federico II, Italy EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Mir Ali, University of Illinois, USA Luca Bertolini, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Luuk Boelens, Ghent University, Belgium Dino Borri, Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy Enrique Calderon, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain Roberto Camagni, Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy Derrick De Kerckhove, University of Toronto, Canada Mark Deakin, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland Aharon Kellerman, University of Haifa, Israel Nicos Komninos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece David Matthew Levinson, University of Minnesota, USA Paolo Malanima, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Italy Agostino Nuzzolo, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy Rocco Papa, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Serge Salat, Urban Morphology and Complex Systems Institute, France Mattheos Santamouris, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Ali Soltani, Shiraz University, Iran ASSOCIATE EDITORS Rosaria Battarra, National Research Council Institute of Studies on Mediterranean Societies, Italy Luigi dell'Olio, University of Cantabria, Spain Romano Fistola, University of Sannio, Italy Adriana Galderisi, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Carmela Gargiulo, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Thomas Hartmann, Utrecht University, Netherlands Markus Hesse, University of Luxemburg, Luxemburg Seda Kundak, Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey Rosa Anna La Rocca, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Houshmand Ebrahimpour Masoumi, Technical University of Berlin, Germany Giuseppe Mazzeo, National Research Council Institute of Studies on Mediterranean Societies, Italy Nicola Morelli, Aalborg University, Denmark Enrica Papa, University of Westminster, United Kingdom Dorina Pojani, University of Queensland, Australia Floriana Zucaro, University of Naples Federico II, Italy EDITORIAL STAFF Gennaro Angiello, PhD student at University of Naples Federico II, Italy Gerardo Carpentieri, PhD student at University of Naples Federico II, Italy Stefano Franco, PhD student at Luiss University Rome, Italy Chiara Lombardi, Architect, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Marco Raimondo, Engineer, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Laura Russo, PhD student at University of Naples Federico II, Italy Maria Rosa Tremiterra, PhD student at University of Naples Federico II, Italy Andrea Tulisi, PhD at Second University of Naples, Italy TeMA Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment 1 (2016) Journal of TeMA Land Use, Mobility and Environment EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE 1 (2016) Contents 3 EDITORIAL PREFACE Mir Ali FOCUS Green Infrastructure and climate change adaptation 7 Konstantina Salata, Athena Yiannakou "Natural" disasters as (neo-liberal) opportunity? Discussing post-hurricane Katrina urban 25 regeneration in New Orleans Cecilia Scoppetta Cities at risk: status of Italian planning system in reducing seismic and 43 hydrogeological risks Grazia Di Giovanni Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods 63 during heat waves Leyre Echevarria Icaza, Andy Van den Dobbelsteen, Frank Van der Hoeven LAND USE, MOBILITY AND ENVIRONMENT Aspects of land take in the Metropolitan Area of Naples 89 Giuseppe Mazzeo, Laura Russo TeMA Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment 1 (2016) REVIEW PAGES 109 Gennaro Angiello, Gerardo Carpentieri, Chiara Lombardi, Laura Russo, Andrea Tulisi TeMA Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment 1 (2016) Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment TeMA TeMA 1 (2016) 63-87 print ISSN 1970-9889, e- ISSN 1970-9870 DOI: 10.6092/1970-9870/3741 review paper received 26 January 2016, accepted 23 March 2016 Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial License 3.0 www.tema.unina.it How to cite item in APA format: Echevarria Icaza, L., Van der Hoeven, F., Van den Dobbelsteen, A., (2016). Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods during heat waves. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 9 (1), 63-87. doi: http://10.6092/1970-9870/3741 ABSTRACT The urban heat island effect is often associated with large metropolises. However, in the Netherlands even small cities will be affected by the phenomenon in the future (Hove et al., 2011), due to the dispersed or mosaic urbanisation patterns in particularly the southern part of the country: the province of North Brabant. This study analyses the average night time land surface temperature (LST) of 21 North-Brabant urban areas through 22 satellite images retrieved by Modis 11A1 during the 2006 heat wave and uses Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper to map albedo and normalized difference temperature index (NDVI) values. Albedo, NDVI and imperviousness are found to play the most relevant role in the increase of night- time LST. The surface cover cluster analysis of these three parameters reveals that the 12 “urban living environment” categories used in the region of North Brabant can actually be reduced to 7 categories, which simplifies the design guidelines to improve the surface thermal behaviour of the different neighbourhoods thus reducing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in SURFACE THERMAL ANALYSIS existing medium size cities and future developments adjacent to those cities. OF NORTH BRABANT CITIES AND NEIGHBOURHOODS DURING HEAT WAVES A B LEYRE ECHEVARRIA ICAZA , ANDY VAN DEN DOBBELSTEEN , C FRANK VAN DER HOEVEN a, b, c Delft University of Technology Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment ae-mail: [email protected] KEYWORDS: be-mail: [email protected] Urban Heat Island; Climate Change; Sustainable Urban ce-mail: [email protected] Planning; Remote Sensing. 有关土地使用、交通和环境的杂志 TeMA TeMA 1 (2016) 63-87 print ISSN 1970-9889, e- ISSN 1970-9870 DOI: 10.6092/1970-9870/3741 review paper received 26 January 2016, accepted 23 March 2016 Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial License 3.0 www.tema.unina.it How to cite item in APA format: Echevarria Icaza, L., Van der Hoeven, F., Van den Dobbelsteen, A., (2016). Surface thermal analysis of North Brabant cities and neighbourhoods