December 2013-January 2014 Volume 8 No. 6 `100.00 (India-Based Buyer Only)

www.spsnavalforces.com ROUNDUP The only Naval magazine for Navies across Asia-Pacific

Page 5 INS Vikramaditya: The Game Changer The largest, biggest and the costliest platform of the military arsenal joined the Indian Navy with a price tag of $2.3 billion. Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay Page 8 Indian Navy Cruising Minister of Defence Along Steadily India The capabilities to enhance strategic reach, flexibility of operations, endurance and I am happy to learn that SP Guide Publications is bringing out a special issue to commemorate the Navy Day. firepower, are apparent cornerstones of Our Navy has been entrusted with the task of securing the nation’s maritime borders, both during war and Indian Navy’s maritime doctrine. peace. It also promotes peace and harmony through joint exercises, visits to ports as also through swift response Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay to demands for humanitarian missions and disaster relief operations in different parts of the world. Page 9 I wish SP Guide Publications all success and hope that SP’s Naval Forces will be read and liked widely. Jai Hind.

A.K. Antony

 lead story Photograph: Indian Navy

Interview: Gustavo de Aristegui, Ambassador of Spain to India Page 11 Republic of Korea’s Maritime Power Since Korea is a peninsula, strong naval forces have been crucial in maintaining stability throughout its history. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Page 12 The Master Mariners in Shipbuilding With a strong technology base, South Korea has always strived to develop and build its own military ships, submarines and fast boats. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Plus Interviews: Kanji Ishimaru, The Managing Director of ShinMaywa Industries India Pvt Ltd 4 José Luis Montes Martínez, GM, India Liaison Office, Navantia 6 Safety of Munitions on the High Sea Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha 13 Fencing the Indian Shoreline Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand 15 Saab Teaming up with India on Naval Systems 16 SP’s Exclusive 17 Our Enthusiasm is 100 per cent, News in Brief 17 the Industry has to Respond: Navy Chief on Self-Reliance Applied for Story on page 3...

6/2013 1 DETECT. DECIDE. ENGAGE. lead story

This issue coincides with the Indian Navy Day from Australia, made stops on November by publishing a coffee table book on Indian Air when traditionally the Chief of the Naval Staff 26-27 in Goa (India) to provide an oppor- Force, as a tribute to our air warriors. (CNS) holds a press conference. During the tunity for the Indian Navy, to witness first- SP Guide Publications felicitates the press conference, CNS Admiral D.K. Joshi hand the vessel and her capabilities. On the Indian Navy on Navy Day and wishes it a val- gave an overview of maritime security envi- eve of the ship’s visit, Jayant Baranwal, the iant and glorious future. Happy reading and a ronment of the region and touched upon the Editor-in-Chief of SP’s Naval Forces, spoke very happy new year to our readers! modernisation plans of the Navy, highlights of to the Ambassador of Spain, Gustavo de which are included in this issue. Aristegui, details of which are included. Con- INS Vikramaditya was commissioned nected with this is an interview with Jose on November 16, 2013, by Defence Minis- Luis Montes Martinez, General Manager, ter A.K. Antony which was a much awaited Navantia’s India Liaison Office. There is also event. It has launched India into a very an interview with Kanji Ishimaru, Managing exclusive clutch of nations which holds and Director of ShinMaywa Industries India Pvt

EDITORIAL operates aircraft carriers. In Asia, China is Ltd and Director of ShinMaywa Industries the only nation which has just inducted its Ltd, Japan ShimMaywa, the manufacturer first aircraft carrier. Read all about its impli- of amphibian aircraft which India is trying cations in the region along with other devel- to acquire for its island territories. As part opments which will lead the Indian Navy of regional focus, an overview on Republic towards achieving its goal of force projec- of South Korean Navy and its growing ship- tion. Then there is an update on coastal building industry is included. security. The combat supply ship Cantabria SP Guide Publications has added another Jayant BaranwaL of the Spanish Navy, on its return voyage accomplishment on its march towards growth Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

At the customary Indian Navy Day press conference held at New Delhi, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral D.K. Joshi gave updates of various Indian Navy programmes, including the P-8I which is going great, the recently issued RFP for MRMR and Arihant likely to be inducted within a year.

Photographs: Boeing, MoD n By Sucheta Das Mohapatra Three Boeing P-8Is have been taken at present are at a vastly improved delivered to the Indian Navy stage and much of the hardware for the here has been no pirate attack coastal security network has already fructi- reported within 450 nautical fied. As regards registration of the fishing miles of our coast in the last vessels, he said that the process is on. He two years,” said the Chief of the assured that the Navy continues to maintain Naval Staff (CNS) Admiral D.K. enhanced vigil across the entire spectrum of TJoshi, while also calling for regulations to India’s maritime interests, including coastal security and is enhancing its preparedness check the incidences of private floating The Indian Navy's nuclear-powered submarine armouries and the private armed guards Arihant will be inducted within a year gradually. “Coastal security remains a key operating close to Indian waters. Addressing focus area for us. With regular exercises a press conference ahead of the Navy Day and setting up of Joint Operations Centres on December 3, the Navy Chief said that the in-Chief, SP’s Naval Forces, CNS said that a efforts, Vice Admiral N.N. Kumar, the Chief (JOCs), coordination between various agen- floating armouries could perpetrate attacks lot of money needs to be invested in R&D of Material, Indian Navy, informed SP’s that cies has improved considerably. Situational similar to 26/11. “Adverse fallout of piracy and the industry has to show interest. “Our the Indian Navy, DRDO, the Bharat Electron- awareness has also improved with phased of serious concern is the largely unregulated enthusiasm is 100 per cent, the industry has ics Limited (BEL) and industry are working implementation of National AIS Network carriage of armed guards onboard merchant to respond.” In the three operational capa- together on many programmes; Pipavav and coastal radar chains. We are constantly ships. There are scores of ships operating bilities required for a ship—“float, move and is working on five offshore patrol vessels upgrading the military infrastructure and as floating armouries, outside any coastal fight”—he said “we have 100 per cent capa- (OPVs), and Larsen and Toubro (L&T) on tor- facilities in our island territories to improve state jurisdiction. Lack of any provisions to bility in the first category, something to be pedo tubes and rocket launchers. surveillance, joint and well coordinated deal with such vessels or armed personnel really proud of; while a lot of improvement Replying to a question on coastal secu- operations. While downstream activities hampers legal actions. We have recommend- is needed in the ‘move’ and ‘fight’ catego- rity by Jayant Baranwal, the Navy Chief ed that this necessitates formulation of a ries.” Giving details on India’s self-reliance informed that the costal security measures Continued on page 4... regulatory framework by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).” Expressing satisfaction at India’s effort at self-reliance, the Navy Chief said that the Navy is proud that all 45 ships and submarines, which are currently on order for Indian Navy, are being constructed in India in both public as well as private shipyards. “Launch of Vikrant, attainment of criticality of Arihant’s nuclear reactor and its impending sea trials, induction of Shivalik class stealth frigates, ongoing tri- als of Kolkata, the lead ship of Project 15 A stealth destroyers, have demonstrated the strength of our research and development (R&D), naval design and industry. The syn- ergy between Navy, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and industry has enhanced the pace, quan- tum and quality of indigenisation. Glob- ally very few select countries construct their own ships, aircraft carriers and sub- marines, including nuclear ones, and this achievement is a matter of national pride.” The launch of GSAT-7 in collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organ- isation (ISRO), a dedicated satellite for Navy under project Rukmani is a land- mark achievement in enhancement of our blue-water networked operations. We are also supporting ISRO in the Mars Mission through Naval teams embarked on ships currently in the South Pacific.” Explaining further to a question on self- reliance raised by Jayant Baranwal, Editor-

Sin título-1 1 03/12/2013 8:10:16

6/2013 3  Interview / lead story

Photograph: Neetu Dhulia / SP Guide Pubns ‘The US-2 is second to none’

India and Japan have declared to form a Joint Working Group for cooperation on the US-2 amphibian aircraft. Kanji Ishimaru, the Managing Director of ShinMaywa Industries India Pvt Ltd and Director of ShinMaywa Industries Ltd, Japan, in a recent interview with SP’s Naval Forces said that the US-2 is the only ‘in-service’ open sea capable amphibian aircraft with state-of-the-art equipment.

SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): Post issuance of of JWG would be discussed as part of the and experience at the present moment in and enforce both the will and the law of the request for information (RFI) during 2011 agenda during the next summit meeting. aircraft manufacturing. So we have to really country and thus are a platform of choice for the amphibious aircraft for the Indian partner with Indian industry to build the for all benign and constabulary missions of Navy, what is the movement forward for SP’s: In the event of selection of US-2i, required capability, develop the right skill navies. The US-2 is a unique aircraft and the the project? how confident ShinMaywa would be to sets, imbibe highest quality and work eth- only ‘in-service’ open sea capable amphibian Kanji Ishimaru (ShinMaywa): Since the deal with ‘single vendor’ situation to take ics and provide mentoring to our IOP to aircraft with state-of-the-art equipment, very RFI was issued and we responded to it, the project forward till its culmination? become a world-class company. Especially, rough sea operations and riverine/lake land- ShinMaywa has commenced the process of ShinMaywa: As far as we know, the case for an aircraft as complicated as the US ing capability, short take-off and landing fea- Indian Offshore Partner (IOP) surveillance. would be steered following the defence pro- -2, it might take us a little while and the tures, long endurance and extended radius We have also had many meetings with the curement procedure (DPP) process. In that, process has to be gradual, but we are fully of operations with large payload capacity. Government of India officials, Indian Navy, we are bound to honour the offset require- confident that if we have a chance we can With such unique features, we consider the Indian Air Force and the Indian Coast ments. We will respect and follow the help to transform the Indian aircraft indus- US-2 to be the most effective platform to Guard. Our experience has been very good laid down procedure and the agreements try just like Suzuki did to the automobile carry out ‘benign’ missions such as search till now and there is clearly a very good between our governments. ShinMaywa is sector. We are also looking at maintenance, and rescue, humanitarian relief and disaster appreciation of unique capabilities of US-2, absolutely confident of delivering the best repair and overhaul for the aircraft in India, management, and ‘constabulary’ missions and how usefully it can conduct a variety of product that would meet the requirements foreign direct investment and sourcing such as extended exclusive economic zone difficult missions. of India in general and the Indian Navy in from a large number of small and medium (EEZ) surveillance and maritime domain particular. The US-2’s features for sus- enterprises and in addition, we also have an awareness missions of the Indian Navy to SP’s: After the last visit of the Indian Prime tained operations in Sea State 5, shortest extremely interesting plan for creating an maintain effective and economic good order Minister to Japan in May 2013, there are take-off and landing distances, very long- impact towards genuine capability building at sea. In addition, the US-2 is extremely use- reports which suggest formation of a range operations, good payload and high in the country in aeronautical engineering. ful for strengthening the safety and security Joint Working Group (JWG) to work out transit speeds are unmatched in the world. Our plans are not one-off sale but we plan of sea lines of communications (SLOCs), modalities for induction of US-2i aircraft Combine this with Japanese technology, to partner with India for a long-term high- long-range fleet support and island/offshore (a product of ShinMaywa) from Japan for customer support and quality standards, technology relationship. assets (both overseas and coastal) support the Indian Navy. Could you provide req- we know that the US-2 is second to none. functions. These missions when combined uisite status on the report? SP’s: Two prime roles defined for the in a single multi-modal platform such as the ShinMaywa: During the summit meet- SP’s: What kind of transfer of technology Indian Navy is ‘benign’ and ‘constabulary’. US-2 can achieve for India a resounding suc- ing held in Tokyo in May 2013, the Prime (ToT) are you envisaging to accomplish How does US-2i fit the bill in this context? cess in public diplomacy and in earning the Ministers of India and Japan have declared with this project? Would it help build the ShinMaywa: The modern amphibious air- precious goodwill of nations of the Indian to form a JWG to explore modality for the Indian aviation industry bring in capabili- craft is a veritable force multiplier since Ocean region commensurate with its iden- cooperation on the US-2 amphibian air- ties that the nation does not have as yet? they fulfil a multitude of missions in a single tity as a responsible rising power. We are craft. The JWG has now been established. ShinMaywa: The Indian aviation private platform. Unlike helicopters and aircraft, privileged to partner with India to realise Therefore, we expect that the progress sector does not have enough capability amphibious aircraft can land at the location these important aspirations. SP

Our Enthusiasm is 100 per cent, the Industry... continued from page 3

are being progressed, we are concurrently ate on a regular basis but has units at sea great use in far-flung islands like in Laksh- Two of our initiatives IONS and MILAN have working towards further augmentation of and the issue is under close observation. wadeep and Maldives. Updating on Project been receiving overwhelming response as assets and infrastructure under Coastal The Navy Chief said that INS Vikrama- 75I, the Navy Chief admitted that there has well as requests for membership, and have Security Phase II.” ditya’s recent commissioning has bolstered been delay and the Navy is hopeful that the helped productive interaction with a num- Admiral Joshi informed that a Coastal Indian Navy’s carrier centric ‘blue-water’ final approval would be accorded early. Ari- ber of navies. The IONS Operational Semi- Security Bill to further improve multiple capability. The MiG-29K fighters at Goa hant, the nuclear powered submarine, he nar, held at Mumbai in September this year, agency and Centre-state interface has are undertaking intensive training, to com- said, is likely to be inducted within a year was a success and saw participation by 22 also been drafted. The Ministry of Home mence deck flying and integrate Vikrama- and 100 per cent of harbour acceptance tri- regional navies. Similarly, MILAN has been Affairs (MHA) has agreed to steer it. He also ditya into Navy’s operational architecture. als are now over. steadily gathering momentum. Beginning explained about the ‘hub and spoke’ model Further giving details of different pro- On the Sindhurakshak incident, the with just five members in 1995, we hosted as part of the coastal security measures grammes, the Admiral said that the Vikrant is Admiral informed that salvage activity has 14 navies for MILAN 2012. Next year we are wherein information is received from the expected to be commissioned around 2017. not yet commenced and the Navy is in the expecting 20 littoral navies to participate in coastal police force, radars, transponders On the Hawk advanced jet trainers (AJTs), he process of finalising from five international MILAN 2014.” On his recent visit to Sri Lanka and the data is analysed at the regional said with its recent induction, naval aviation vendors, out of which three were called which was soon followed by the Sril Lankan headquarters level and concurrently shared is undergoing a qualitative transformation. for commercial bid. The L1 vendor will be Defence Minister’s India visit, the CNS said with the JOCs and all that neutral and non- Similarly, the recent induction of P-8I Boe- decided soon. Quite a bit of investigation that it’s an ongoing activity and there is at hostile inputs are filtered out. ings has ushered in a new era for Navy’s air has been done, and further details would present no plan of scaling up naval coopera- On China’s increasing maritime capabil- surveillance and stand-off attack capabili- be found after the salvage activity. “The tion with the country. ity and recent activities in the South China ties. “The P-8I programme is going great. It Board of Inquiry (BOI) will take for weeks, On the proposal for the appointment of a Sea, he said that the Indian Navy has no con- is a long-range surveillance and stand-off but the submarine has to be floated.” four-star officer as the permanent Chairman frontation with any Navy and is constantly attack aircraft.” Informing further on the As regards foreign cooperation, the Navy of Chiefs of Staff Committee, the Navy Chief in the process of evaluating the capability of maritime patrol aircraft of the Navy, he said Chief said that bilateral Coordinated Patrols stated that all the three services have agreed other navies which could be detrimental to that the long-range maritime reconnais- (CORPAT) along shared international mari- to have a permanent Chairman of Chiefs of our Navy. “We do not embark on any coun- sance (LRMR) is the biggest in the category time boundaries are being regularly con- Staff Committee who would be in-charge of try specific preparation but only capability and request for proposal (RFP) for medium- ducted with Indonesian and Thai navies, looking after the tri-services issues and a development. We look at the capability of range maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) has to address common concerns of poaching, final decision on the matter would be taken other navies and see how we can counter, in been issued a month back. Admiral Joshi drugs and human trafficking, and gunrun- by the government. However, discussions on our national interest. Our capability should said that the Indian Navy, which already has ning. The maiden CORPAT with Myanmar whether the Chairman would be from the be such that we are able to safeguard our experience in operating amphibous craft like was undertaken this year and “we plan to Indian Army, Navy or Air Force, service or maritime interest.” On the South China Sea, the Sealand, does have plans for induction invite more Indian Ocean Region (IOR) coun- non-service has not been discussed by the

SP www.spsnavalforces.com he said that the Indian Navy does not oper- of amphibious aircraft, which would be of tries into similar cooperative endeavours. services and would be a political decision.

4 6/2013 modernisation INS Vikramaditya: The Game Changer The largest, biggest and the costliest platform of the military arsenal joined the Indian Navy with a price tag of $2.3 billion and brought down the curtains on uncertainties, and unforeseen and agonising delays extending over nine years

Photograph: Indian Navy n Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay Ajai Malhotra, Ambassador of India, among a host of senior government and naval dig- inally, on November 16, 2013, nitaries from the two countries. Defence Minister A.K. Antony INS Vikramaditya is the modernised commissioned the Indian Naval and refurbished version of an original Kiev Ship Vikramaditya at the Sevmash class aircraft carrier which was first com- Shipyard, a formidable Russian missioned into the Russian Navy in 1987 as Fnuclear submarine building centre, situ- Aviation Cruiser Baku. Post the dissolution ated on the shores of the White Sea. The of the former USSR, it was rechristened as largest, biggest and the costliest platform Admiral Gorshkov and remained in service of the military arsenal joined the Indian until 1995. During August 1995, a multidis- Navy with a price tag of $2.3 billion and ciplinary group of senior naval officers was brought down the curtains on uncertain- deputed to Murmansk and St Petersburg ties, and unforeseen and agonising delays to thoroughly survey the state of Admiral extending over nine years. Gorshkov and assess the feasibility for its The glittering ceremony planned so refurbishment and modernisation as a short meticulously was almost dowsed in sub- take-off but arrested recovery (STOBAR) or zero temperature and literally bedecked the catapult assisted take-off but arrested recov- flight deck with a mantle of snow! The glori- ery (CATOBAR) aircraft carrier for the Indian ous moment in the annals of Indian Navy Navy. After an exhaustive examination of was witnessed by Russian Deputy Prime the ship over three weeks, the team leader Minister Dmitry Rogozyn, who is also in INS Vikramaditya will was called to brief the empowered high charge of defence and space industry, Admi- operate from Karwar level Indian delegation which had arrived ral D.K. Joshi, Chief of the Naval Staff, and at Moscow to formulate the first ever long-

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6/2013 5  modernisation / INTERVIEW

term perspective plan on military-technical personnel, including a 183-member Rus- vessel take turns to conduct anti-subma- kaku islands, Diaoyu to the Chinese. No cooperation (LTPP-MTC) between India sian crew who will assist in training as well rine surveillance or monitoring of airspace. one doubts that Japanese shipyards, after and Russia. It was indeed noteworthy that as operating the vessel. Destroyers are sent on “forward picketing” decades producing some of the biggest, most based on the positive inputs from the team up to 100 nautical miles (185 km) away. sophisticated commercial vessels, could turn leader, the modernisation and acquisition of Indian Navy and the Aircraft Carriers According to former Chief of the Naval out still more in the Izumo class – and go up Admiral Gorshkov for the Indian Navy was INS Vikramaditya is now Indian Navy’s sec- Staff Admiral Arun Prakash, “The Indian in class to full-fledged aircraft carriers. included in the first LTPP-MTC itself. After ond aircraft carrier, supplementing the ven- Navy faces two immediate challenges: the The other aircraft carrier inducted in the almost nine years of negotiations, the ini- erable INS Viraat. With INS Vikrant, being smooth integration of this huge warship, region is HTMS Chakri Naruebet, the first tial $1.5-billion contract for retrofitting the built in Cochin Shipyard, due to be commis- with its new systems, in terms of shore-sup- aircraft carrier and the only Thai-owned aircraft carrier and buying 16 MiG-29K, K/ sioned by 2017, the Indian Navy continues port and maintenance, and the evolution of ship built by the Spanish Izar (formerly EN UB deck-based fighters was signed in 2004. the tradition of sea control through aircraft new doctrines to exploit the immense opera- Bazan) for the Royal Thai Navy. In February Since then its delivery has been delayed by carriers, inherited from the Royal Navy. tional capabilities that this ship offers. Car- 2005, Izar shipyard Navantia again changed over five years and it has seen several time Other navies have shied from this rying a mix of supersonic, fourth-generation its name. Under a contract signed by Spain and cost-overruns in the last nine years. expensive and technically-challenging MiG-29K fighters, Kamov-28 anti-subma- and Thailand in July 1992, the aircraft car- INS Vikramaditya, the floating airfield, option. Australia decommissioned its lone rine and Kamov-31 airborne early-warning rier Chakri Naruebet made in El Ferrol ship- has an overall length of about 284 metres aircraft carrier, HMAS Melbourne, in 1982, helicopters, the Vikramaditya promises to yard Navantia in Spain and Thailand were and a maximum beam of about 60 metres, and relies on a fleet of lighter warships transform the maritime balance of power in assigned to the Navy in March 1997. With a literally stretching to a distance of three and submarines. India, in contrast, com- the Indian Ocean. Calling the ship a “game- design similar to the Spanish aircraft carrier football fields. Standing about 20 storeys missioned INS Vikrant in 1961 and after changer” is not mere hyperbole.” Principe de Asturias, the aircraft carrier deck tall from keel to the highest point, the purchasing INS Viraat in 1987, operated equipped with a “ski jump” to 12 degrees to sheer sight of this 44,500 tonnes mega two carriers for a decade till the Vikrant Asian Aircraft Carrier Race allow similar Harrier fighter aircraft takes structure of steel is awe inspiring. The ship was decommissioned in 1997. Indian Navy While the Indian Navy has continuously off. The main function of this carrier is mon- has a total of 22 decks. A complement of planners argue they must deploy an air- reposed its faith in operating aircraft carrier itoring the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 1,600 personnel mans this virtually a ‘float- craft carrier on each seaboard, the Bay of since the 1960s and even operated two car- and protection missions, search and rescue, ing city’. The ship has the ability to carry Bengal and the Arabian Sea. riers for a short duration, the other nations but can also be used as command and con- over 30 aircraft comprising an assortment While the Vikramaditya would still in the Asian region have had a mixed experi- trol and air support for the fleet of warships. of MiG-29K/Sea Harrier, Kamov-31, Kamov- operate as part of a Carrier Battle Group ence in the domain of aircraft carrier opera- This aircraft carrier is equipped with six air- 28, Sea King, ALH-Dhruv and Chetak heli- (CBG), its radars, airborne early warning tions and naval aviation for their respective craft AV-8S Matador (Harrier) former Span- copters. Vikramaditya, which literally trans- (AEW) systems fitted in Kamov-31 helicop- navies. Since last year when China’s lone ish Navy that can operate in short take-off lates into ‘strong as the sun’, and has the ters, and on-board strike aircraft would aircraft carrier Varyag/Liaoning, a discard and vertical landing (STOVL). motto ‘Strike Far, Strike Sure’ is all geared provide air defence protection to the ves- from the Ukraine that was refurbished In summation then, if indeed there is to be blooded as an awesome combat arm sels it sails with. From requiring protection entirely through the indigenous efforts was an aircraft carrier race in the region it will of the Indian Navy. The Navy is confident of other vessels, the carrier has graduated commissioned but as of now not carrying remain confined to the developments on this that flight operations will soon begin on the to providing protection. “The Vikramad- aircraft, except for testing and training pur- front in India and China, the two emerging ship, symbolising that it is fully operational. itya will dramatically increase the reach of poses, development of similar platforms powers of the region. In the assessment of The Defence Minister described the Indian Navy, creating a sanitised bubble of within the region has become a topical sub- Admiral Arun Prakash, former CNS, “When transformation of the rusting and defunct 300 nautical miles (550 km) around the bat- ject for the naval planners and strategists. both the Liaoning and the Vikramaditya are aviation cruiser built during the Soviet era tle group, essential for conducting distant The debate essentially revolves around the put out to sea as operational aircraft carriers, to this modern aircraft carrier as an “engi- area operations in Indo-Pacific,” stated for- efficacy and relevance of the aircraft carri- both will be observed with great interest by neering marvel, which has tested the profes- mer Naval Chief, Admiral Sureesh Mehta. ers in the maritime security domain. maritime professionals. The Chinese Navy, sionalism, capability and perseverance of With modern warships having a multi- The other notable development was the with the bigger ship, an untried aircraft and the Indian Navy and the Russian industry”. role (anti-air, anti-surface and anti-sub- discreet launching of the Japanese 19,500- with no background of carrier operations, In its long journey to India, the Vikra- marine) capability, a CBG now fights as an tonne Izumo, which should be ready for will be stepping out cautiously. In contrast, maditya will be escorted by at least five integrated whole. Warships share the bur- induction in two years. Experts have opined the Indian Navy, with an experienced naval Indian warships that have already made den of surveillance for enemy aircraft, war- that Japan’s success in producing such a aircrew and half a century of carrier opera- their way to locations that will fall en route. ships, submarines and even attack from vessel may diminish the Chinese challenge tions behind it should be deploying the Vikra- Onboard Vikramaditya will be over 1,600 land. For example, helicopters from each to Japanese control over the disputed Sen- maditya with confidence and panache.” SP

Navantia, a Spanish public company that belongs to the SEPI (a state-owned enterprise subordinate to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Treasury), is a world leader in the products it offers. The company is involved in design and construction of high-tech military vessels and civil vessels; design and manufacturing of control and combat systems; technology transfer; overhauls and alterations of military and civil vessels; support to the service life of its vessels and systems; diesel engine manufacturing and turbine manufacturing. Navantia has been expanding globally. In October 2005, Navantia, as part of a consortium with the French company DCNS, and the French company Armaris entered into a technology transfer agreement on three Scorpene submarines in India. Here in an interview with SP’s Naval Forces, José Luis Montes Martínez, General Manager, India Liaison Office, talks about Navantia in India. Navantia’s know-how ‘fits perfectly’ with the needs of the Indian Navy

SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): Can you indi- SP’s: What are Navantia’s upcoming and additionally in the FSS programme we indigenous construction. cate on your relationship with the Indian offerings to the Indian Navy and also the would build two or three vessels while L&T Navy and the Indian armed forces in Indian Coast Guard? would build the rest. SP’s: I believe Navantia also has a series general? Martínez: We will involve at least in the of land-based solutions. Does Navantia José Luis Montes Martínez (Martínez): We following tenders: LPD, Project P-75(I) – AIP SP’s: What makes you most excited in the intend to work with the Indian Army and mainly deal with the Indian Navy. Person- submarines and Fleet Support Ships (FSS). context of India as a market? allied organisations? ally I have been involved with India only for Martínez: Indian Navy programmes Martínez: Yes. We do not pretend to be the last five months, so my relationships SP’s: Can you indicate on any industrial already known to fit perfectly with our limited to the Navy. are not yet very extended. partnerships, if finalised, with any ship- capacities. On the other hand, we have yards? Can you also indicate on some extended our good experience in work- SP’s: How do you view Navantia’s future SP’s: Which specific projects are currently basic features of these partnerships? ing in partnership with local shipyards in next 5 to 15 years? on and how are they progressing? Martínez: Larsen & Toubro, Chennai, in in other contracts with foreign navies, so Martínez: We have a clear idea: to expand Martínez: With the Indian Navy we only the LPD and FSS projects. If awarded, on our know-how perfectly fits the needs of internationally. Our designs are very attrac-

SP www.spsnavalforces.com have future projects. both projects we will do engineering work the Indian Navy in terms of product and tive for most of the navies.

6 6/2013 Unique.Unique. AheadAhead ofof thethe Art.Art. Unique. Ahead of the Art.

ShinMaywaShinMaywaShinMaywa Advert_for Advert_for Advert_for MYB MYB MYB & & MAI.indd &MAI.indd MAI.indd 1 1 1 20/11/1220/11/1220/11/12 2:18 2:18 PM 2:18 PM PM ShinMaywa Advert for NF.indd 1 24/01/13 3:48 PM  modernisation Indian Navy Cruising Along Steadily

The capabilities to enhance strategic reach, flexibility of operations, endurance and firepower, are apparent cornerstones of Indian Navy’s maritime doctrine. Except for some stopgap options of import in the past few decades, most of the capability building plan is through indigenous efforts.

n Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay tion of upgraded and advanced version of works. Likewise, unmanned aerial vehicles to our strategic deterrence capability was the Arihant follow-on programmes. in addition to numerous surveillance equip- the achievement of criticality of the reactor ver since the First Five Year Commissioning of a 44,500-tonne air- ment, sensors and electronic warfare sys- on board Arihant. Once we reach the next Plan, Indian Navy planners have craft carrier from Russia, former Admiral tems have substantially beefed up coastal milestone, namely commencement of sea demonstrated remarkable consis- Gorshkov as INS Vikramaditya, with the security apparatus. Additional systems and trails of the submarine, it would make India tency in their thought process, the newly inducted naval variant of the MiG- equipment for stand-off surveillance are also the sixth nation in the world to build and long-term vision on force devel- 29 fighter is not just a major milestone, it being worked on. In addition, unwarranted operate nuclear-powered submarines. “This Eopment planning and have never wavered forms an important element for the stra- delays in the joint development of Barak air would mark another stride forward in realis- in their perspective despite the setbacks tegic reach of Indian Navy and is being defence system, long-range surface-to-air ing our long-cherished objective of achieving encountered in many forms, over the past appropriately designated as a true game missile has caused serious consternation for nuclear triad capability,” he said. In addition, several decades. Perseverance indeed is changer. Most significant aspect of this frontline surface ships air defence. the launch of GSAT-7 will also significantly paying rich dividends in the long haul, induction is that it has brought the cur- The steady progress in Indian Navy’s increase our net-centric capabilities. albeit at a pace not entirely in consonance tains down on import of surface platforms. focused pursuit of high-end technologies The process of modernisation of the Navy with Indian Navy’s strategic vision. Currently, there are no pending orders for based capabilities development plans was cannot remain confined to platforms, hard- Formulation and periodic update of surface ships from abroad. unequivocally applauded by the Defence ware, sensors and weapons. These assets the long-term maritime capabilities per- Indigenous shipbuilding programmes Minister A.K. Antony at the recently con- have to be manned by trained and commit- spective plan is based on profound stra- are proceeding at a steady pace. On suc- cluded Commanders’ Conference. He said ted crew led by competent officers with out- tegic thinking with focus on induction of cessful completion of Shivalik class, the that over the last six months, the Navy has standing leadership qualities. The Navy has cutting-edge technologies to build capa- next big ticket is the Project 15A which is inducted an impressive range of platforms taken the lead in introducing a high level of bilities for the Indian Navy. The capabili- being looked forward to expectantly. The including the P-8I aircraft and the Goa Ship- technological training programme for the ties to enhance strategic reach, flexibility lead ship of the project Kolkata is expected yard Limited-built offshore patrol vessel. In officer cadre at the basic training stage. This of operations, endurance and firepower, to be commissioned shortly. Likewise, the coming months, the first ships of Project should be followed up and supplemented by are apparent cornerstones of Indian Navy’s Indian Navy’s own indigenously designed 15A, Kolkata and Project 28, ASW Corvette encouraging officers to engage in building maritime doctrine. Except for some stop- on the basics learnt at the preliminary stage Photograph: DCNS gap options of import in the past few through advanced technology courses. The decades, most of the capability building paradigm of training just enough and just in plan is through indigenous efforts. time needs to be reviewed in modern times. In not too distant a future, the Indian Exposure to a wider spectrum of not only Navy hopes to commission the first ever technology but also human endeavour and indigenously built nuclear-powered sub- thought would be necessary for the Navy marine INS Arihant, a formidable stealth officers of the future. weapon system that can remain undetected The training of individuals and groups underwater for an indefinite period and can be best carried out using appropriate strike the enemy at will with conventional simulators whether they are employed as or nuclear missiles. A major milestone in astronauts, pilots or locomotive drivers; foot this highly prestigious project was crossed soldiers or as special forces, plant operators when Arihant gained criticality. Harbour or naval sailors. Simulator training is more acceptance trials have been fully accom- effective and considerably less expensive plished. In a matter of few weeks, Arihant and avoids excessive wear and tear in the is expected to commence sea acceptance hardware meant to be used in war. Moderni- trials, which is indicative of the fact that all sation of training of naval personnel should critical security and safety parameters have be based on extensive use of simulators. All been comprehensively addressed according future procurements should include acquisi- to stringent standards of an independent The Scorpene submarine is being indigenously tion of appropriate training simulators. developed in collaboration with DCNS inspection agency. It is now apparent that On the infrastructure front, the Indian Arihant would be inducted into Indian Navy Naval Academy has been commissioned by by the end of 2014. the Defence Minister. This ambitious proj- The indigenous construction of the prestigious Kamorta class ASW Corvette Kamorta, will be inducted into the Navy ect has fructified after long toil and hard Scorpene advanced conventional subma- under Project 28’s lead ship is also due to apart from additional P-8I and advanced jet work over the past several decades. This rine in collaboration with DCNS of France be commissioned shortly. Currently, there trainer aircraft. Antony said the launch of state-of-the-art Academy is fully geared to is now firmly on track, with delivery of are 45 ships at varying stages of construc- our indigenous aircraft carrier Vikrant on churn out high quality human resources the first in line during 2016. In order to tion within the country, both in the defence August 12, 2013, was a crucial milestone. for the Indian Navy, with B.Tech degree at overcome the colossal time overrun in the and private shipyards. It has placed India in a select group of six the entry level for future naval leaders. The Scorpene programme which has adversely Recent induction of two P-8I long-range nations who can design and operate aircraft core course of naval officers has recently affected the submarine force levels, a reconnaissance, maritime patrol and ASW carriers. “The fact that all 45 naval ships at been commissioned out of the portals of mechanism has been evolved to compress aircraft from Boeing of the United States, has present under construction are being built Indian Naval Academy at Ezhimala. the delivery schedule of the second and provided the much desired impetus to the in India is ample proof of our indigenous Phase-I of the prestigious project Sea- subsequent submarines of Project 75, surveillance and reconnaissance capability. shipbuilding capability,” he said. bird at Karwar has fully stabilised with through joint consultations. Hopefully, The P-8I is a versatile long-range surveillance The Defence Minister said a major boost complete infrastructure and support facili- another indigenous construction plan for and stand-off attack aircraft equipped with ties tried and tested in place. Phase-II of advanced conventional submarine with state-of-the-art surveillance devices, con- the project has also received requisite gov- air independent propulsion system under trols and weapon systems fitted on board. Perseverance indeed is ernment sanction for expansion of infra- Project 75I would soon gather momentum. There are 12 aircraft of this type on order structure for future needs of Indian Navy. Lease of Akula class nuclear-powered from Boeing. After long delays, the much paying rich dividends in the The status of Karwar has been recently submarine from Russia was essential for awaited global request for proposal (RFP) upgraded with the appointment of the Flag operational training and indoctrination into for medium-range maritime reconnaissance long haul, albeit at a pace not Officer, Karnataka. The base facilities, com- operations of SSNs and SSBNs for the Indian (MRMR) aircraft has been issued recently. monly recognised as the third naval base, Navy. After induction of INS Chakra into There are inordinate and unacceptable entirely in consonance with is now fully geared up to receive the largest Indian Navy, there are speculations on lease delays in acquisition process for naval multi- and biggest platform of the Indian Navy— of another advanced version of nuclear sub- role helicopters (NMRH) and light utility heli- Indian Navy’s strategic vision the INS Vikramaditya. marine from Russia for training purposes. copters (LUH). Acquisition of 120 NMRH and The Indian Navy truly is cruising along

SP www.spsnavalforces.com This lease may be necessitated for induc- 56 LUH from the global vendors is in the steadily on its strategically charted course.

8 6/2013 INTERVIEW - AMBASSADOR OF SPAIN

Photograph: Anoop Kamath Spain keen on expanding partnership with India: Ambassador

Spanish Armada ship Cantabria, the second largest naval ship currently operated by the Spanish, behind the LHD Juan Carlos 1, is on its way back home after concluding a multinational exercise ‘Triton Centenary 2013’ in Australia. On the eve of its visit to Goa, the Ambassador of Spain, Gustavo de Aristegui in an interview with the Editor-in-Chief of SP’s Naval Forces, Jayant Baranwal, spoke at length on various issues concerning India-Spain relationship.

SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): Can you give us a strict budgetary restrictions. In spite of that cal culture is unique and vibrant and that before the border. We are doing extremely little background on Spain’s relationship Spain is extremely arrogant about boost- makes the armed forces of India, probably well as far as coastal protection. These sys- with India? ing its relations with India. I have been in amongst the most respectful and profes- tems have been developed by Indra and Ambassador: Spain established a relation- politics for 12 years and I was Member of sional. Today, we have made a huge leap Amper. Indra is among the world’s giants ship with India after we joined the United Parliament and was senior spokesperson forward in the economic side but it is still in high-tech, three out of every five air traf- Nations in 1953. A full-fledged embassy of the party on foreign policy and affairs. far from its potential. India is an extraordi- fic control is built by Indra and nearly 90 was not established until 1955, though So when the Prime Minister won the elec- nary partner and I think we need to deepen per cent used in India is by Indra. There there was a Chargé d'Affaires in 1954. In tions and the Minister of Foreign Affairs that partnership. are certain contracts with the defence sec- the beginning it was very much a formal announced my appointment as Ambas- tor which is catered by Indra and we are relation and Spain was under dictatorship sador, it was a political message to the SP’s: What all Spain can offer to have a extremely satisfied with the level of exper- at that time and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Indian Government that we mean business strong base of partnership in India for the tise of the tree of excellence that Indra Nehru was not particularly fond of General with India and that we have been ignoring global market? has developed. GMV, Technobeat, etc have Franco. So the relations were rather distant this great nation for too long. We wanted Ambassador: It is very complimentary. state-of-the-art defence systems in very for a long time. Spain became a democracy to give boost in the number of people in I see great opportunity in the emerging sensitive areas. in 1975 with elections being held in 1977. the Embassy and also to increase the pres- markets. When I see India, it is not just Very soon the relation grew in intensity ence of Spanish companies here. It is in great opportunity but great opportunity SP’s: What is the proportion of R&D and importance, but it was more a cultural many ways an ambassadorial position that for meaningful and solid partnership. investment in Spain? and political relation not much economic, has quite a political punch...we are taking India is known for intellectual property Ambassador: It is not that much. However, meaningful bilateral, commercial, invest- advantage of this interlock. and like Spain it is devoted to high technol- the R&D budget has doubled from 600 ment relation. I can tell you that today the relations ogy, engineering, avante-garde solutions, million euros in 2012 to nearly 1.4 billion There was a state visit of the King and between India and Spain are on a different research and development, infrastructure, Euros in 2014. Some of the most cutting- Queen in 1981 to India. Last year’s visit pedastal. We have a very fluid contact with tourism and defence. As regards defence, edge technology is made by the private here by His Majesty the King was an impor- politicians of the country. We have met the we have sophisticated system of multi- sector. Telefonica is one giant full-fledged tant visit which boosted the relationship Chief Ministers of Karnataka, Maharashtra, dimensional electronic and radar multil- technological company in the world and between India and Spain. Andhra Pradesh and we intend to meet inked systems. Our coastline is protected. has huge R&D investment. We are only This was relatively a small embassy the Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu, Guja- We have the 13th largest coastline (7,800 49 million people and we take pride in and we have outgrown these premises. We rat, Odisha, West Bengal and Kerala and I km of coastline as peninsula), we have so our global companies such as Indra, Tele- have two-thirds of our offices in a bigger am also going to Goa for the reception of many islands and we are a peninsula. This fonica, Navantia, Airbus Military consor- building in Connaught Place where we have the Spanish ship Cantabria. We will also be makes us a maritime nation, so is India tium of which we are a proud part. None commercial, military and cultural sections. going to Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Pun- between two oceans and also in a com- of the other participants in the consortium I would describe relations as cordial rela- jab, Madhya Pradesh and we intend to open plicated neighbourhood. Spain is good at had any kind experience in building mili- tion between 1977 and the late 1990s and a consulate in Chennai. Right now, Spain is thwarting terror threats, organised crime, tary transport aircraft and it was Casa, the there was a leap forward in the beginning seriously investing in India. We have some illegal trafficking, etc. Our systems are Spanish branch of EADS. This is how the of this century. Then little by little we went of our most important companies present quite impressive and we are going to invite A400M project was born which was an from 10 Spanish companies to over 250 but not in the way and intensity that we Indian officials to visit coastal defence sys- evolution of the capacities, the technolo- companies today. We have two commer- would want. tems...radar, motion detectors, infrared gies and the design of many decades of cial offices, one in Mumbai and the other We are a country with no hidden cameras, CCTV cameras and all combined brilliant work of Spanish aerospace engi- in Delhi. It has grown fivefold and we are agenda, no strings attached. It is true gives us a picture of what is happening up neers. That has given birth of the quality considering the urgent need to expand the that we are not a global military power to 15 kilometres into sea. It is extremely of C295 which is the doubtlessly best mid- office premises, make it twice as big and but we have a respectable military which effective in search and rescue operations sized military airplane in the world. This is still not have enough space for all the peo- I think can and must be an essential part and the response is much faster. used by the American Coast Guard. It has ple who are going to join us. of bilateral relations between India and In the early years of this century, we had won dozens of tenders around the world. Since I came to India in May 2012, Spain. India is a very old nation and prob- peaked at 2,50,000 illegal penetrations on This is the plane we intend to replace Avro we have created 14 new positions in this ably the oldest civilisation and that makes the sea borders, now it is down to dozens transport plane. It is used as a platform for Embassy when Spain was undergoing very this country very special. India’s politi- as the Spanish Navy picks them up much anti-submarine war, rescue, surveillance,

6/2013 9  INTERVIEW - AMBASSADOR OF SPAIN

border control, transport troops and also Ambassador: It is getting there. I see it hap- midsize gunship...all of that technology is pen. There is an excellent EU Ambassador behind the world’s most advanced military Spanish Ship here. The EU is a project in the making. transport plane A400M. It is bigger than You cannot count the things it has not yet the Hercules. It is the only turboprop that ESPS Cantabria in Goa achieved as flaws, but it will be achieved. can fly at a cruising speed of a commercial Photographs: Embassy of Spain India has very cordial bilateral relations jetliner which is 0.74 Mach, whereas others fter spending a year in Aus- with individual countries of the EU, but are flying 30-40 per cent slower than that. tralia, the Spanish combat sup- they don’t see the usefulness of the EU yet. It cuts down transport time for deploy- Aply ship ESPS Cantabria arrived However, it is the responsibility of the EU ment of troops and in military terms, it at Mormugao Port, Goa, on November with regard to foreign trade, regulation, gives huge tactical advantage. 26. This port visit to India is the ship’s trade, etc. Negotiations are going along a second stop on its journey back to Spain safe path and mutually beneficial result in SP’s: A400M is a transcontinental project, after 10 days from the port of Jakarta in due. I heard that Union Finance Minister what is the share of Spain in that? Indonesia. P. Chidambaram has stated that there is a Ambassador: The share of Spain in the Since its departure from Ferrol Port window of opportunity from now to Febru- consortium is relatively low at five per in Spain on January 3, 2013, until its ary if the negotiators made a breakthrough cent. In the MRTT, that project is over 47 expected arrival in Spain on December and the FTA is signed. If not, negotiations per cent. The Boom is the most advanced 21, the ESPS Cantabria in its about a year- will continue with new EU commission and refuelling system in the world. The Boom long deployment in Australia, has worked with the new Indian Government next year. is totally computerised and it is a Spanish hand-in-hand with the Royal Australian design. The A330 has substantial compo- Navy (RAN). The aim of was to reinforce SP’s: Would you like to indicate the key nent from Spain, the tail and belly, parts and increase the mutual relation of trust milestones of Navantia? of the cabin. This boom is unbeatable. It and support as well as enhance interop- Ambassador: The most advanced frigate consistently defeats Russian and American erability between both Navies. in the world is the F100 which is Spanish technology. Even in the US, when there is On November 26, Indian Navy offi- design. The F100 frigate is the basis for unbiased assessment of technology, it has cials visited the ESPS Cantabria fol- AF85 frigate Navantia built for the Nor- defeated Boeing. lowed by representatives of the Span- wegian Navy. It is a boat of 4,000 tonnes ish Defence Industry (Navantia & Indra). and has a crew of less than 40. It is totally SP’s: What role can this aircraft play other On November 27, in the morning, the Cantabria finally departed the Mormugao automated. We have an extremely efficient than fuelling tankers? Ambassador of Spain, Gustavo de Ariste- Port on the morning of November 28 to Navy because of the new concepts. No other Ambassador: Technology is so advanced... gui, visited the ship. A reception hosted continue its journey back to Ferrol Port nation has the BAM concept. They have cor- we don’t take any space from the passen- by the Ambassador of Spain also took in Spain. Its last stop before heading vettes which is smaller version of a frigate. ger area. It still has a sizeable amount of place onboard the ship and was attended back home is expected to be at the Turk- BAM is a Spanish invention. It has more fir- cargo capacity. It can be used for troop by Rear Admiral B.S. Parhar. The ESPS ish Port of Aksaz. SP ing capacity with 30 per cent less displace- transportation and transformed into a ment and more speed, lot less manpower. super VIP military plane. I think there is It is a revolution in maritime warfare. The Photograph: Wikipedia great need for such planes in India as it is submarine project is a little delayed but quite a safe plane for a Head of State to fly the S80 concept is absolutely amazing. It as it can effectively thwart a missile attack. ESPS Cantabria has the most advanced autonomous energy It is a multi-purpose aircraft and not just a systems and definitely the safest. It is a refuelling jet. It can transport 300 troops multi-purpose firing system developed by and also high ranking officials in a busi- several companies in the world. It has some ness class environment. It is very versatile of the most silent navigational capacities and you can change the configuration of in the world and very interesting underwa- the plane rapidly for different uses, includ- ter speed and silent. It has command con- ing a medical version. trols which can coordinate land, sea and air attacks at the same time and is considered SP’s: Can you elaborate on the objectives as a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and sentiments on the arrival of the Span- (NATO) command post. ish Armada Cantabria? Ambassador: We are proud of this. It is SP’s: In India, there is a lot of debate of hav- the first time in the history of our bilateral ing own aerospace complex in terms of relationship; a ship is coming to an Indian self-reliance. Does Spain support the idea? port. The visit of Cantabria is an emotional Ambassador: We want to be a partner with moment. We have a beautiful protocol. We Indian companies and we are keen on par- have the oldest Marine Corps in the world ticipating. We are not going to withhold and all the tradition is there. Our naval offi- any kind of technology. We are going to be cers are finest...they have been deployed transparent. Offsets are going to be real and with the Royal Australian Navy for a year. It is Characteristics we are going to give you the latest and not an essential ship for modern naval warfare... first-generation technology. There is lot of this is a ship which has 25-bed hospital, ICU DISPLACEMENT 19.550 tonnes. potential for both private and public compa- and dental clinic. It is one of those multi- nies to go to world markets after developing purpose ships in concept. We have created LENGTH 174 mts. synergies. Navantia is partnering with L&T newer version of long helicopter dock which BEAM 23 mts. and they are going to participate in the ten- is a Spanish invention of long platform dock ders of Indian Navy and Airbus Military is and an aircraft carrier, a mix of these two PROPULSION Two diesel engines with 10.890 KW each. Max speed; 20 knots looking for Indian partner for replacement concepts. The Royal Australian Navy has and Range 6,000 miles of Avro aircraft. Everybody has legitimate received two of these ships. In the Indian AIRCRAFT Hangar: 3 medium/2 heavy HELOS aspirations to indigenise their military; configuration, it will be a long helicopter however, there will be joint ventures. For deck and will have combat, submarine and CREW 144 instance the weapon systems of submarines rescue capabilities. The ship is conceived are with the US collaboration. We have taken ARMAMENT 6 SRBOC MK-36 (CHAFF Launcher) for an amphibious warfare. It has a dock in hardware and systems from others and we 4 "Browning" 12,7 mm the stern of the ship that has the capacity built a totally Spanish product. Our LHD is a 4 MG-42 7,62 mm to launch six assault boats with capacity for floating electronic war machine. dozens of troops in each of them. It is state- SENSORS Radar ARIES SAAS-NAV for surface search. of-the-art. It has many command and con- Radar ARIES SAAS-SCH for helicopter control fitted with IFF SP’s: What is your perception about FDI trol systems, has the most advanced pod CIT-25D, transponder system in defence in India and what it should be? propeller system and a 30,000-tonne ship Ambassador: It is a very delicate matter of ESM system RIGEL. actually manouvres like a small ferry. Every- sovereignty. It has to have some kind of spe- thing that commands the ship is above the DIANA System, (SDDN in Spanish) provide information to cial regulation. We cannot be fuzzy about floatation line which is again a novelty. It GPS, AIS, gyro and meteorological. our defence sector for investment and simi- can transport 5,000 people. It can be used in LINK-11-LINPRO larly other country’s reasoning. FDI should humanitarian relief work such as the earth- Optronic Survilliance Sytem, (SVO in Spanish), TECNOBIT be open in other sectors, defence you have quake in Haiti. The ship can go to the coast System: TV and FLIR. to be careful. It needs regulation from gov- and be transformed as a relief centre. It can ernment. There are delicate matters per- Multifunction CONAM C2D/C3D Consoles. Four consoles, one have war tanks, trucks with humanitarian taining to security and stability, geopolitical (C3D) with three displays and three (C2D) with two displays. aid. This is the most versatile warship in the interests have to be taken into account. We All sensors are integrated with the Combat System, SCOMBA. world right now. have to take necessary caution. SP OTHERS 8.000 CUMS F-76 SP’s: Coming to the defence trade in India, 2.000 CUMS F-44 For the complete interview and video, does European Union (EU) play an effec- 200 tonnes fresh water. log on to: http://www.spsnavalforces. www.spsnavalforces.com tive role? com/interview.asp?id=10

10 6/2013 Asia-pacific Republic of Korea’s Maritime Power Since Korea is a peninsula, strong naval forces have been crucial in maintaining stability throughout its history. Without a strong naval force, the country would have been devastated by enemy attacks.

Photograph: US Navy n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand assembled in South Korea and the fourth The Republic of Korea Navy Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin was built indigenously. Simultaneously, it he Republic of Korea (ROK) class destroyer Munmu the Great (DDH-976) during a added two submarine-rescue ships from trilateral exercise with the US and Japan is located on the far eastern the US Navy and acquired another one, corner of Asia. ROK faces Japan built indigenously. ROKN also streamlined across the East Sea and China its fleet with a fewer type of surface com- across the Yellow Sea. To the batants which was easier for maintenance Tnorth, across the demilitarised zone is and training. ROKN also reduced its depen- North Korea. People began living on the dence on the US for small patrol craft (PC) Korean Peninsula and the surrounding area by building a large number of indigenously some 7,00,000 years ago. During 1592, developed Sea Dolphin class and Wild- Japan invaded the peninsula to pave the cat class PCFs (PC Fast) in the 1980s and way for its adventure into China. Admiral 1990s. These were required to counter the Yi Sun-shin (1545-98), one of the most frequent intrusions by PCs of North Korea. respected figures in Korean history, led a Apart from PCF, it also needed patrol killer series of brilliant naval manoeuvres against boat, medium (PKMs). ROKN also increased the Japanese, with his specially designed its mine countermeasures capability by geobukseon (turtle ship), the world’s first adding a few coastal minesweepers as well ironclad battleship. In the 19th century, as coastal mine hunters. Logistic support Korea remained a “Hermit Kingdom,” as it ships were also added to the fleet to sus- opposed any Western diplomatic and trade tain operations on the high seas. relations. Over time, a few Asian and Euro- Sea. The west and south coast have heav- established on August 15, 1948; it renamed Amphibious Warfare: ROKN also mod- pean countries with imperialistic ambitions ily indented ria coastlines where the tidal the Coast Guard as the ROK Navy. ROKN is ernised and improved its amphibious war- competed with each other for influence range is enormous. It is dotted with many also the oldest defence force in ROK. fare capability by replacing old ships with over the Korean Peninsula. Japan, after win- islands thus it is called Dadohae (sea of North Korea invaded South Korea and indigenously built four higher-performance ning wars against China and Russia, forcibly many islands). The east coast in contrast, is took it by surprise during June 1950. ROKN landing ship tank of the Alligator class and annexed Korea and established colonial rule very straight, the water is deep and the tidal participated in the naval operations against introducing high-speed air-cushion landing in 1910. Japan was defeated during World range is narrow. The length of the coastal North Korea, along with other UN Nation craft. It also has added a landing platform War II but Korea’s liberation did not bring area is 2,413 km. coalition navies including the US Navy. At dock. More would be added considering about independence as the country was that time, ROKN had a very modest capabil- that it was severely handicapped during divided by ideological differences between Maritime Heritage—Early History ity which was restricted to the coast. It had the multinational relief operations when the US and Russia. This resulted in the divi- Since Korea is a peninsula, strong naval only two old World War II-vintage patrol tsunami hit Indonesia in December 2004. sion of the country into pro-Soviet—North forces have been crucial in maintaining frigates, about 10 coastal minesweepers Naval Aviation: ROKN has replaced its Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of stability throughout its history. Without a and 10 small patrol craft. In spite of being old S-2 maritime surveillance and patrol Korea (DPRK) and pro-US—South Korea. strong naval force, the country would have a small force, ROKN made up of this handi- aircraft with eight P-3Cs Orion. Twenty-five DPRK is a communist regime and ROK is been devastated by enemy attacks. cap by fighting with great spirit and cour- Lynx helicopters are also in the inventory a democracy with market economy. Dur- Baekjae Kingdom: In 396 AD, operating age. In the early years, ROKN continued to for anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare. ing June 1950, DPRK invaded ROK which with an amphibious force of 40,000 men, develop its combat fleet by adding destroyer Anti-submarine Warfare (ASW): The devastated the entire peninsula. A cease- Goguryeo defeated Wiryesung (the capital escorts, patrol frigates, patrol crafts and Korean Peninsula is surrounded with water fire was signed in July 1953. Since then, of Baekjae). Later, in 227 AD, Baekjae estab- landing ship tanks. The aim was to coun- on three sides with Sea of Japan connected ROK has developed rapidly and hosted the lished Baekjaegun (Baekjae Military Base) ter small craft invading from North Korea by the Tsushima Strait to the East China Sea. Olympics in 1988 and co-hosted the 2002 at the mouth of Yangjagang River and con- and improve its amphibious warfare capa- Submarines of Russia, China, Taiwan, Japan FIFA World Cup soccer games with Japan. quered Tamla (a state in Jeju Island). bility to support the South Korean ground and the US operate in the region which Since 1948, when the Government of the Unified Silla: In 810 AD, Chang Bo-go forces. The US Navy Fletcher class destroy- implies that South Korea has to develop a ROK was established, it has been able to established the naval base at Cheonghaejin ers with their five-inch guns and Gearing- reasonably strong ASW capability which transform itself one of the world’s poor- with which he was able to secure control and Allen M. Sumner class destroyers duly includes search, detection, tracking, identifi- est nations into one of the world’s richest of the seas and suppress pirates, enabling modernised were added to the fleet. ROKN cation and attacking. Thus it has to improve nations. Its remarkable economic growth in Silla to become the hub of maritime trade. focused more on surface combat than anti- upon the existing ASW force of Lynx heli- a short period of time has been dubbed “the Goguryeo Kingdom: Admiral Choe submarine warfare. Obsolete surface com- copters, P-3C Orion aircraft and destroyers. Miracle on the Han River”. Defence forces Young planned to build two thousand war- batants were decommissioned and replaced Striving towards Blue Water Navy: of ROK comprise the Army (ROKA), Navy ships to counter-attacks by Japanese pirates. by newer systems. It appears that in this After building a Navy capable of provid- (ROKN), Air Force (ROKAF), Marine Corps During 1380, he was able to destroy five period, South Korea perceived maritime ing defence in coastal and regional waters, (ROKMC) and reserve forces. hundred Japanese ships when they invaded threat from North Korea and made its pri- ROKN began looking beyond the north- Geumgang River, successfully defending the mary mission as coastal defence and also west Pacific region, especially due to South Maritime Environment inland. Goryeo naval forces used guns on developing a blue-water navy. ROKN also Korea’s extensive trade interests across Korea is a peninsula with the Yellow Sea their warships for the first time in history. participated in the Vietnam War by deploy- the high seas. ROKN inducted the German- to the west, the East Sea to the east and Joseon Dynasty: During the reign ing transport ships in the South China Sea. developed Type 214, with air-independent the South Sea to the south. To the south of Joseon dynasty, naval forces reached 1970 Onwards: The development and propulsion and named it the Son Won-Il of Korea’s largest island is the East China its peak of 50,000 personnel. During the modernisation of South Korean defence class. ROKN also started the construction Imjinwaeran (war against Japanese inva- capability got a kick-start during the 1970s of second generation of destroyers (Chun- sion in 1592), Samdosugun (three province with the formulation of the Eight-year gmugong Yi Sun-Shin class) and third gen- During the Korean War, naval force), led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin, National Defense Plan, aimed at making the eration of destroyers (Sejong Daewang blocked off the enemy’s sea traffic route country self-reliant in defence capability by class), almost simultaneously. The third India sent military medical and defeated the Japanese fleet in 15 bat- using its domestic technology and indus- generation of destroyers is equipped with tles, reversing the war in favour of Joseon, trial resources. The result was the building the latest Aegis combat system. ROKN’s staff as part of the UN force eventually saving the country. of Ulsan class frigates and the Pohang class combat development and its modernisa- to support South Korea. corvettes which are considered as the main- tion are remarkable, considering that it is ROK Navy stay of ROKN’s fleet in coastal operations. largely indigenous. This has enabled South Formal diplomatic ties were Since then South Korea has not looked back Korea to participate in international anti- Recent History and has indigenously constructed major- piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden. established between both the The ROK Navy (ROKN) originated from the ity of its naval ships. The ROKN selected South Korea has also joined the Prolif- Maritime Affairs Association which was Type 209 submarine of German origin for eration Security Initiative (PSI) as its 95th countries in 1973. established soon after World War II in 1945. its first-generation submarine (known as member. The PSI was formed during May This later on evolved into the Korean Coast the Chang Bogo class). The first submarine Guard. When the ROK Government was was imported, second and the third were Continued on page 14...

6/2013 11  Asia-pacific The Master Mariners in Shipbuilding With a strong technology base, South Korea has always strived to develop and build its own military ships, submarines and fast boats. The development and modernisation of South Korean defence capability got a kick-start during the 1970s with the formulation of the eight-year National Defense Plan, aimed at making the country self- reliant in defence capability.

Photograph: HHIC n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand STX Offshore & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd Based on its experience of having built more ver the past four decades, than 700 ships in the past 40 years, STX South Korea has demonstrated Offshore & Shipbuilding ranks number one incredible growth and global among the world’s major shipyards and has integration to become a high- significantly contributed to making South tech industrialised economy. Korea the leader in the world’s shipbuild- OIn the 1960s, GDP per capita was compa- ing industry. The construction of the Dalian rable with levels in the poorer countries Shipyard in China will be added to its exist- of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea ing facilities in Jinhae and Busan. STX took joined the trillion-dollar club of world a leap forward to become the world’s largest economies and is currently the world’s shipbuilding company through its acquisi- 12th largest economy. Korea’s export tion of STX Europe (formerly Aker Yards). focused economy was hit hard by the 2008 STX Offshore & Shipbuilding acquired global economic downturn, but quickly authorisation to become a member of the rebounded in subsequent years, reaching national defence industry in September 6.3 per cent growth in 2010. The US-South 2007. STX Offshore & Shipbuilding plans to Korea Free Trade Agreement was ratified expand its territory in the national defence by both governments in 2011 and went industry by constructing various kinds of into effect in March 2012. On the long- South Korean Navy's patrol vessel, ships, such as battleships, offshore patrol PKX I, built by Hanjin Heavy Industries term basis, South Korea has been able to vessels and special-purpose ships. The note- transform itself from one of the world’s worthy examples are guided missile patrol poorest nations into one of the world’s boat killer1, OPV1, training ship1, etc. richest nations. Its GDP (purchasing power Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd (HHI) HDD-5000 stealth destroyer, 1800-tonne parity) is $1.64 trillion (2012 est.) and is Hyundai Shipyard is located on the south- class AIP submarine, HDF-2000H frigate, STX Engine Co. Ltd 13th in the world. Its amazing economic eastern tip of the Korean peninsula, thus it HDC-1200 corvette and offshore/inshore Diesal Engines: STX engine’s military die- growth in a short period has been dubbed has easy access to the open sea. Coupled patrol vessels, HDP-600 patrol vessel, HDS- sel engine was designed with focus on “the Miracle on the Han River”. Its main with this its mild weather and dry climate 500 fast attack craft and various types of small size, lightness and high power out- industries are electronics, telecommunica- with little precipitation throughout the logistic support ships. put. Through technology cooperation with tions, automobile production, chemicals, year, provide an ideal geographic environ- MTU of Germany, STX Engine is producing steel and shipbuilding. ment for shipbuilding. Along with its loca- Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine engines for tanks, destroyers and coast tion and spirit of enterprise, HHI has posi- Engineering Co. Ltd guard ships. Shipbuilding Industry tioned itself as one of the world’s leading Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Communication-Equipment Technol- In 2003, South Korea became the world’s shipbuilders since commencement of its (DSME) has made a remarkable impact on ogy: STX engine possesses essential pro- leading shipbuilders by going ahead of shipyard operations in 1973. It has build a the global market since its foundation in prietary technologies related to underwa- Japan in shipbuilding volume, order back- variety of modern, sophisticated naval and 1973. DSME has expertise in building sub- ter acoustic, radar, tactical communication logs and new orders, mainly for merchant auxiliary service vessels since 1975, when marines, destroyers, frigates, corvettes, and battle system. ships including oil tankers. China has also Korea’s Ministry of National Defense nom- offshore patrol vessels (OPVs), salvage developed its shipbuilding industry, out- inated it as the designer and builder of and rescue vessels, fast patrol boats and Sebang Hi-Tech pacing Japan and giving tough competition the first indigenous Korean frigate Ulsan submarine rescue ships. The notewor- Sebang Hi-Tech Co. Ltd, which was established to South Korea. According to one report, Class. HHI’s Special and Naval Shipbuild- thy examples are DWKSS-I/II submarines, in 1952, is the sole defence manufacturer in it became the leading shipbuilder in 2011 ing Division (SNSD) was entrusted with DW10000D/5500D destroyer, DW 1200C South Korea specialising in the provision of when it accounted for 48.2 per cent of a this special task, having specialised man- corvette, DW 1800 patrol vessel, DW4000R propulsion energy sources for underwater total of 28.11 million compensated gross power and streamlined modern facilities. submarine rescue ship, etc. military vehicles and weapon systems. Some tonnes (CGTs) worth of deals globally As a licensed National Defense Industrial examples are the 209 class submarine bat- placed, compared with a 31.2 per cent in Shipbuilding Company and engineering Hanjin Heavy Industries & Construction tery K45PS13K and K30PS15. BA738 battery 2010. South Korea’s shipbuilding sector consultant, HHI’s SNSD has the advanced Co. Ltd (HHIC) is used for light-weight torpedoes. continues to be the industry leader. technology to design and build modern, Beginning in 1972, HHIC has built high- reliable naval ships and auxiliary service speed patrol boats, frigates, corvettes, DACC CO. LTD Military Shipbuilding Capability vessels of various proven and advanced landing ship tanks, oceanographic ves- The company’s area of expertise is com- With a strong technology base, South hull forms. HHI has expertise in building a sels, salvage ships, midget submarines, posite launching tube to contain a guided Korea has always strived to develop and large variety of naval requirements, ranging multipurpose logistic supply ships and anti-ship missile. build its own military ships, submarines from submarines, destroyers, frigates, cor- hovercrafts and also exported them. The and fast boats. The development and vettes, inshore patrol vessels, fast attack noteworthy examples are the 19,000-tonne Indian Perspective modernisation of South Korean defence craft to high and medium speed marine assault landing ship, fast frigate class, It has been reported that India has decided capability got a kick-start during the diesel engines. The noteworthy achieve- patrol corvette class, patrol killer guided to award a $1.2 billion contract to Kangnam 1970s with the formulation of the Eight- ments are HDD-10000 aegis destroyer, missile, various types of OPVs, etc. Corporation for eight mine-countermeasure year National Defense Plan, aimed at (MCM) vessels. The tender was first issued making the country self-reliant in defence Kangnam Corporation (KNC) in 2008 but has taken five years to fructify. capability by using its domestic technol- KNC has been at the top of the leading According to the deal, the first two mine- ogy and industrial resources. The result Indian shipbuilding has a lot to Korean glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) hull sweepers will be constructed at Pusan, South was the building of Ulsan-class frigates emulate from South Korea for shipbuilders since commencement of its Korea, and the remaining six will be built at and the Pohang-class corvettes which are shipyard operations in 1968. It has built the Goa Shipyard through transfer of tech- considered as the mainstay of ROKN’s developing their indigenous all types of GRP hull naval ships and spe- nology. The Indian Navy wanted to moder- fleet in coastal operations. Since then cial-purpose vessels and has successfully nise its MCM fleet for more than a decade as South Korea has not looked back and has shipbuilding industry and built and delivered minesweeping hunt- it currently operates 12 ageing Pondicherry indigenously constructed a majority of its ers (MSHs), minehunting crafts (MHCs), and Karwa-class minesweepers. Their pro- naval vessels. There are many shipbuild- becoming a world leader in a and various high-speed patrol boats to jected requirement is for 24 MCM ships. ing companies involved in the building of the Korean Navy. The noteworthy exam- Indian shipbuilding also has a lot to emu- naval vessels of various types and sizes very short time ples are minesweeping and hunting craft late from South Korea for developing their including auxiliaries, the salient details (KMSH)1, KMHC 1,500 tonne class patrol indigenous shipbuilding industry and becom-

SP www.spsnavalforces.com of which are as follows: Craft1, etc. ing a world leader in a very short time.

12 6/2013 armaments Safety of Munitions on the High Sea Despite all the precautions during design and operation of magazines, accidents do take place with ammunition, which lead to terrible outcomes on warships and loss of precious lives. A need was therefore felt to make explosives inherently less sensitive so that they remain passive to external stimuli like heat, shock, bullet or fragment impact and sympathetic detonation in case nearby munitions function.

Photograph: US Navy n Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha of precious lives. The men onboard a war- ship work and sleep virtually next to the afety of ammunition and magazines, accidental fires in other areas explosives onboard is of para- may also lead to explosions or large fires in mount importance for the sur- magazines due to cook off or other causes. vival of the warship. There are two A need was therefore felt to make explosives aspects which merit attention in inherently less sensitive so that they remain Sthis regard; one pertains to the safety and passive to external stimuli like heat, shock, prevention of fire during storage of these bullet or fragment impact and sympathetic potentially hazardous items and the other detonation in case nearby munitions func- to making the explosive devices safe for tion. The genesis of the thrust in insensitive storage by improving their compositions. ammunition development lay in two major accidents in the US, namely the 1966 Palo- Stowage of Ammunition and Explosives mares B-52 Crash and the 1968 Thule Air on Board Base B-52 Crash in which the high explosive A warship takes onboard only that ammuni- devices used in the nuclear bombs had deto- tion which has been certified fit for use by nated on impact. The US Navy too has wit- the armament inspection agency. Stowage nessed many accidents in the 1960s. In 1966, of ammunition and explosives onboard is a there was a fire onboard USS Oriskany due Rows of ordnance during ammunition on load complex design exercise due to space con- at Naval Weapons Station, Earle, New Jersey to mishandling of an aircraft flare, which led straints, positioning of adjacent equipment to detonation of 2.75 rocket warheads and compartments depending upon hazards resulted in the death of 44 sailors. In 1967, a posed, ease of weapon handling, positioning five-inch Zuni rocket loaded on the pod of an of ammunition delivery mechanisms, mini- sprinklers. Ammunition lockers are used to properly secured, the magazine is clean, F-4 aircraft onboard USS Forrestal was acci- mising damage, ease of firefighting and so store special types of explosives and ammu- there is no presence of fumes or odour and dentally fired, which in turn led to fires and on. The problem is further complicated as nition such as detonators and pyrotechnics. that there is nothing out of the ordinary in functioning of several bombs, rockets and the stowage has to be secure against roll, The lockers are secured to the deck of the and around the magazine. Special attention missiles. The disaster resulted in deaths of pitch and yaw motions of the ship, extremely ship and it is ensured that ammunition is paid to the fact that there should be no 134 personnel. In 1969, onboard USS Enter- high humidity levels and various intensities inside does not move or rattle about during hindrances in entry and exit to the maga- prise, the exhaust from an aircraft engine of storms. There are explicit design guide- routine motion of the ship at sea. zine, abnormality in rise of temperature starter unit caused detonation of five-inch lines, which are refined periodically for Single purpose magazines are those and humidity charts, unnatural accumula- Zuni rockets, whose warheads were filled safety enhancement. As for the ammunition, which store a single type of explosive store tion of material in and around the area, etc. with composition B explosives. This resulted its remaining operational life is calculated for e.g. Rocket motor magazine, small arms In addition, the magazine and surrounding in 18 warhead explosions and 28 deaths. In depending upon the levels of environmental magazine, fixed ammunition magazine, area is inspected for leakages or breakages December, the same year, ammunition ship stresses experienced by it during its storage missile magazine, fuse magazine, detonator in sprinkler systems, functioning of alarm SS Badger encountered rough seas during a onboard as well as the prevalent shock and locker, pyrotechnic locker and so on. Mixed systems and abnormal heating in adjacent storm due to which the bombs broke loose vibration levels of a particular type of ship. explosive storages are also permissible in compartments. Each magazine is monitored from the pallets and led to explosions as There are different types of stowage certain combinations of explosive stores for temperature and humidity and records they were tossed around the deck. The ship spaces for different types of ammunition depending upon the severity of explosive of maximum and minimum values are had to be abandoned and 26 lives were lost. and explosives and they are stored in sepa- sensitivity. It is ensured however that the entered in the magazine’s log card inside In addition, the US Navy experienced 16 rate lockers or magazines. The lockers and ammunition stored onboard is as per regu- the magazine. The magazines are inspected premature explosions of shells of high cali- magazines are clearly marked indicating the lations and within permissible limits. prior to locking and remain locked when no bre guns during the period December 1968 type of explosives, its fire safety hazard and Environmental control of magazines: activity is being carried out and only autho- and January 1973. The shells were either the permissible quantity in that space. The Magazines are fitted with safety and envi- rised personnel can access them. filled with Composition A-3, Composition warnings on stowage spaces are prominent ronment control features, so that the ammu- Movement of ammunition: Shifting B or explosive D. The incident onboard USS and visually indicative leaving no doubts in nition and explosives remain protected from of ammunition for routine firing exercises, Newport on October 1, 1972, deserves men- the minds of personnel entering the area. excessive humidity and temperature. Venti- rearrangement or during ammunitioning/ tion, in which the projectile of eight-inch There are various types of magazines lation and exhaust systems are installed in deammunitioning are inherently danger- ‘bag gun’ detonated in ram position in the namely primary, missile, ready to use maga- the magazines and they are regularly vented ous activities where the slightest mistake gun chamber. In the explosion and ensuing zines and lockers. Primary magazines are to evacuate accumulated toxic gases if any. can lead to catastrophic situations. There- fire, 20 sailors died. Compositions of the generally located below the waterline and Missile magazines are vented to the atmo- fore, utmost care is exercised during such type mentioned above are prone to ignition are equipped with temperature control, heat sphere for the simple reason that in case a work. Explicit orders are available for each when subjected to adiabatic heating during insulators and adequate means of ventila- missile rocket motor functions, its exhaust activity and it is ensured that the orders are operation/acceleration of projectile in the tion. Missiles magazines are a special cate- is immediately vented to the atmosphere complied with at all times. Ammunitioning gun barrel. The above incidents and similar gory since missiles are largely integrated in before it can spread to other areas. and deammunitioning is carried out at des- ones in the Army depots provided impetus nature i.e. the safety and arming mechanism Sprinklers and alarms: Largely, all types ignated jetties or explosive anchorages so to research on insensitive munitions. is pre-assembled to the warhead, which in of magazines have sprinkler systems fitted that in case of any accident, the damage is Conceptually insensitive munitions turn is connected to the electronics and the in such a way that water is sprayed on to the limited to that ship only. Transfer of ammu- should not explode but only burn when sub- rocket propellant, thus raising its hazard ammunition and explosives and the entire nition at sea is carried out only in excep- jected to slow and fast heating, hits by bul- level. Further, they are housed in special magazine is flooded in case of smoke/fire tional circumstances as it is a very danger- lets, shrapnel or shaped charges. Research casings, boxes or canisters and stored sepa- detection or rapid rise in temperature. These ous activity. Detailed orders are prepared by is being progressed adopting approaches, rately. The handling equipment to bring can be operated automatically by remote both ships and preparations checked and like externally protecting the explosive them to the launcher could be operated by control or manually. Ammunition, which rechecked prior to carrying out this opera- device during transportation by incorporat- a combination of electric-pneumatic and/or functions by ingress of water, is not stored tion. The ships remain in highest degree of ing thermal insulation and venting, and by hydraulic systems. Extreme care is required in such magazines. The alarm system com- nuclear, chemical and biological damage improving explosive compositions to pro- during handling as the rocket propellant prises of alarms that operate on detection control readiness during the process. vide high stability. Insensitive munitions may ignite in case the missile falls and of high temperature, activation of sprinklers contain shock and fire resistant ‘insensitive thereby launches the missile in a confined and functioning of flooding systems. Insensitive Munitions high explosive’ like plastic/polymer bonded space causing havoc. Ready to use maga- Inspections: Magazine inspections Despite all the precautions during design explosives or triaminotrinitrobenzene zines are located near the weapon for which are carried out by qualified sailors and and operation of magazines, accidents do (TATB). TATB’s shock and thermal stabilities they are intended. Those are also well ven- recorded in inspection logs. Daily inspec- take place with ammunition, which lead are higher than that of any other comparable tilated, insulated from heat and fitted with tion involves ensuring that ammunition is to terrible outcomes on warships and loss material. Further it is reasonably powerful

6/2013 13  armaments / asia-pacific

Photograph: Diehl Defence high explosive thus favouring its induction armed forces or that all the requirements storage areas. in munitions. Some of the newer composi- of insensitive munitions are met prior to its zz Reduced risks in handling and more tions are insensitive munitions explosive induction. Incremental improvements are economical use of transport. IMX-101 (consisting of 2, 4-dinitroanisole being accepted as they are helping in reduc- zz Reduced damage from accidents and and nitrotriazalone amongst others, devel- ing the risks and increasing survivability at hence relaxation of restrictions applied oped by BAE Systems and cleared for use sea as compared to the older explosives. to achieve an acceptable level of safety. by the US Army) and FOX-7 (1, 1-diamino-2, As an example PBXN-109 meets all require- Many North Atlantic Treaty Organisa- 2-dinitroethene (DADNE) of Sweden). ments except that of sympathetic detona- tion (NATO) countries and other allies of the With an order from France to develop tion and hence has been inducted in bombs US are supporting the insensitive munitions and qualify modern naval ammunition, and missile warheads since the older filling programme. As far as indigenous develop- Diehl Defence has become the first supplier had not met even a single insensitive muni- ments are concerned, the High Energy Mate- worldwide of naval ammunition, meeting tions criterion. The UK Ordnance Board rials Research Laboratory of The Defence the requirements of insensitive ammunition Proceeding 42657 commenting upon use- Research and Development Organisation (IM). It constitutes a refinement of the 76mm fulness of insensitive munitions has stated: (DRDO) claims to have developed 12 com- naval ammunition employed worldwide. The positions in the insensitive munitions cat- new ammunition, a joint cooperation of Diehl In Wartime egory along with CL-20, the world’s ‘most Defence and the French manufacturer Nexter Diehl Defence's 76mm ammunition zz Improved survivability of weapon powerful’ non-nuclear explosive. These Munitions, is being realised with insensitive systems and platforms as a result of would find applications in warheads, rock- explosives and is scheduled for deployment munitions are required to achieve the same reduced levels of damage caused by ets or gun propellants. Laboratory produc- in the Oto Melara SUPER RAPIDO L-62 naval impact on target. During Operation Desert enemy strikes or credible accidents. tion of these has also been established. guns of the new frigates FREMM and HORI- Storm, laser guided bombs accounted for zz Reduced casualty rates and mission In conclusion it can thus be seen that ZON from 2015. The 76mm ammunition is about ~50 per cent of destroyed targets, losses. navies are very conscious and proactive capable of engaging both air and sea targets despite the fact that their numbers were zz Reduced losses of ammunition as a result about structural safety of magazines, as well as coastal targets. less than five per cent of the total ordnance of enemy strikes on or credible accidents safety procedures during handling as also A major opposition to use of insensitive fired. The navies across the globe are today in magazines and storage areas. researching into sensitivity reduction of munitions has been the view that the explo- committed to the use of insensitive muni- explosives to ensure enhanced safety of sive power of these is inferior to the ones tions and are gradually replacing the TNT/ In Peacetime men and material onboard warships. SP filled with TNT/HMX. However, this objec- RDX/HMX compositions. This is not to say zz Reduced risks in storage leading to bet- tion is more than offset by high accuracy of that completely insensitive munitions have ter utilisation of and a probable reduc- The author is former DG NAI and Senior new delivery systems wherein much fewer been developed and available for use by the tion in both the number and size of Fellow at New Westminster College, Canada

Republic of Korea’s... continued from page 11

Photograph: US Navy 2003 to increase international cooperation and logistics in 2005 and another MoU on in interdicting shipments of weapons of cooperation between the Coast Guards of mass destruction, their delivery systems the two countries in 2006. The real turning and related materials. This only indicates point in bilateral relations came in the year that the ROK aims at taking more inter- 2010, when Korea and India upgraded their national responsibility and also increas- relationship to a ‘strategic partnership’. Cog- ing its global influence. This also includes nizant of the importance of economic rela- improved wide area ocean surveillance. tions in the overall framework of strategic partnership, both Korea and India put in Future Plans force the Comprehensive Economic Part- South Korea is surrounded by powerful nership Agreement (CEPA). With these two nations like China, Russia and Japan. It is landmark agreements, the two countries also a very close ally of the US since the laid down the strong foundation for the North-South Korean divide. Their confron- future development of bilateral relations. tation still carries on against the backdrop He stressed on the importance of defence of strategic and geopolitical environment cooperation in evolving strategic partner- of the region. All the naval attacks in recent Amphibious landing ship ROKS Dokdo ship. “The defence cooperation between the (LPH 6111) in the Sea of Japan times have been from DPRK starting as two countries, among others, also envisages early as 1967. During 1999, DPRK Korea cooperation of defence equipment, trans- intruded in ROK’s sea area 11 times, result- fer of technology and joint research and ing in casualties and injuries on both sides. Aegis destroyer-led squadrons in a decade Obama called South Korea “one of America’s development.” The worst incident was when a DPRK’s or so. The first squadron is planned by 2015. closest allies and greatest friends”. Some other key aspects of defence submarine torpedo sank a South Korean cooperation are: Navy ship on March 26, 2010, causing the South Korea-US Relations Indo-South Korean Relations zz Holding of joint naval exercises and deaths of 46 sailors. DPRK strongly denied The US along with the erstwhile Soviet Union During the Korean War, India sent military military consultations. any role in the incident, in spite of ROK pro- was involved in the decolonisation of Korea medical staff as part of the UN force to sup- zz Exchange programmes, which include viding ample proof. There seems to be no from Japan after World War II. The Govern- port South Korea. Formal diplomatic ties exchange of defence related experience other direct threat from any other country ment of South Korea was established after were established between both the countries and information, mutual exchange of in the region. ROK also has the complete three years of military administration by the in 1973. Since then many trade agreements visits by military personnel and experts support of the US and indirect support of United States. The US also sends forces to have been signed including the Free Trade including civilian staff associated with NATO nations. North Korea’s military might defend it during the Korean War. After the Agreement. Starting with $530 million in defence services. may not be capable of fighting a full-scale armistice, South Korea and the US agreed to 1992-93, it touched $19 billion in 2012. The zz In 2012, India posted a permanent conventional war against South Korea but a “Mutual Defense Treaty”, under which an two countries have set a new trade target of Defence Attaché in its Embassy in Seoul, it can carry on small-scale random opera- attack on either country in the Pacific region $40 billion by 2015. Bilateral investment is signifying the importance of defence tions along the coast with the backdrop of would bring a joint military response. The about $4 billion. India’s Defence Minister cooperation in evolving strategic part- nuclear capability. North Korea is probably treaty was honoured by South Korea during A.K. Antony and Prime Minister Manmohan nership. So far the Defence Attaché in making progress on its Hwaseong-13 inter- the Vietnam War. ROKN also participates in Singh have visited South Korea to strengthen Japan also looked after South Korea. continental ballistic missile programme. the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC). RIM- the ties. During a talk in the Institute of Peace zz The defence cooperation between the North Korea has also been testing short- PAC is the world’s largest international mar- and Conflict Studies in May 2013, Joon-gyu two countries, among others, also range missiles which have a range of about itime warfare exercise which is held bienni- Lee, the Ambassador of South Korea in India, envisages cooperation of defence 1,000 km. All this is a matter of concern for ally during June and July of even-numbered stated: “Korea did not miss to recognise the equipment, transfer of technology and South Korea and its allies. Although ROKN years in Honolulu, Hawaii, and hosted by the new profile of India and evinced much inter- joint research and development. is striving towards a blue water navy, it is US Navy’s Pacific Fleet. Pacific Rim nations est in building strong bilateral ties on a range zz Cooperation in humanitarian assis- also focusing on coastal defence capabil- are invited to participate where potential of issues. India has also realised the impor- tance and international peacekeeping ity. In 2001, South Korea announced a plan conflict scenarios which may require naval tance of Korea as a partner in the emerging activities. for building a Strategic Mobile Fleet (SMF), force-on-force engagements. These include geopolitical scenario. A definite step in this zz MoU signed with the Defence Research in order to safeguard its global maritime the possibility of China invading Taiwan direction was taken when the two countries and Development Organisation (DRDO) interests, which was later on scaled down to in the event of its declaration of indepen- established “Long-term Cooperative Part- and Vice Commissioner, Defence Acqui- a group. The aim apparently is to establish dence and North Korea pitching against nership for Peace and Prosperity” in 2004. sition and Procurement Agency (DAPA) an expeditionary Navy capable of overseas South Korea, US and Japan. Many countries The two countries started an annual For- of South Korea, with the aim to identify operations and countering regional threats including India are invited as observers. The eign Policy and Security Dialogue to delib- futuristic defence technology areas of to counter regional concerns like China’s two nations have strong economic, diplo- erate on regional and international security mutual interests and pursue research rapid naval build-up and a potential territo- matic and military ties. A free trade agree- issues. Subsequently, the two countries laid and development work in both the coun- rial dispute with Japan over South Korea’s ment was also reported to be having been the foundation for defence cooperation, by tries. It also envisages co-development eastern-most islets of Dokdo. Finally, South signed between them during 2007. At the signing a memorandum of understanding and co-production of defence products

SP www.spsnavalforces.com Korea has plans to operate a SMF of two 2009 G-20 London summit, President Barack (MoU) on cooperation in defence industry with Indian industry through DRDO.

14 6/2013 Coastal security Fencing the Indian Shoreline There is a multi-tier arrangement for coastal security involving the Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and marine police of the coastal states and Union territories. The State Marine Police jurisdiction extends up to 12 nautical miles (about 22 km), ICG functions between 12 and 200 nautical miles (about 22 to 370 km) which is the EEZ, and the Indian Navy extends beyond 200 nautical miles (370 km).

Photograph: GSL n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand by the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE), was commis- ndia has a coastline of 7,516.6 sioned during August 2013. km, touching nine states and four zz 50 interceptor boats are also on order, Union territories (UT). There is sixth of which built by Larsen and Toubro more than 2.5 million square km of (L&T) was launched during August 2013. exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The ABG has also supplied thirteen 26m FIC. Imining areas allotted under the United Construction of 20 fast patrol boats of 50 Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea metres length, designed by SEDS, Kochi, (UNCLOS) are about 2,000 km from the and being built by Cochin Shipyard Lim- southernmost tip of India. ited for the ICG is in progress. Bharati class interceptor boats: Fifteen Mercantile Trade interceptor boats of 28 m length are also Ports play a vital role in the overall eco- being built by Bharati Shipyard for the ICG. nomic development of the country. India Coastal Surveillance Network: A has 13 major and about 176 minor ports. As coastal surveillance network (CSN) along GDP grows, so will be the sea traffic. About the coastline is being established with 46 90 per cent by volume and 70 per cent by stations being setup under Phase-I and 39 value of the country’s international trade is The 90 m offshore patrol vessel stations under Phase-II. carried on through maritime transport. of the Indian Coast Guard Phase-I of the CSN has been completed on the mainland and work is in progress Coastal Threat for the island territories. The states of Maharashtra and Gujarat are Coastal Security Scheme (CSS): CSS zz The proposal for setting up of static strategically located and prosperous which Phase-1: To strengthen coastal security, a coastal radar chain and a comprehen- National Command Control Communica- makes their coastline vulnerable to smug- CSS was formulated to cover nine coastal sive network chain of automatic identi- tion and Intelligence Network (NC3IN): gling, poaching of seafood, anti-national states and four UTs. Phase-I of the scheme fication system (AIS) stations along the NC3IN network is being set up by the Indian activities and terrorism. Smuggling of gold, was approved in January 2005 for imple- entire coast as well as island territories Navy as the backbone for the national mari- arms and explosives has been quite com- mentation in five years from the year 2005- has been approved. time domain awareness (MDA) project. mon in this area. It is estimated that there 06 and extended for one year till March are about 1,50,000 small fishing boats with 31, 2011. The scheme included 73 coastal Further update MHA no modern navigation means or communi- police stations and stands completed on Joint Operation Centres: JOCs at Mumbai, Formulation of CSS Phase-II cations moving freely around without any March 31, 2011. Visakhapatnam, Kochi and Port Blair are CSS Phase-II: CSS Phase-II has been control. Thus management and security of operational. approved. The scheme is to be implemented India’s maritime zone including the coast- Coastal Security initiatives post-26/11 over a period of five years starting from line is by itself a formidable and a complex MoD: Comprehensive measures were Raising of SPB and procuring of FICs: The April 1, 2011. Other important details are: task, gaps in which were amply displayed announced by the Defence Minister, A.K. Sagar Prahari Bal (SPB) comprising 1,000 zz Coastal Police Stations-131 (this during the terrorist attack on Mumbai on Antony, and duly approved by the Cabinet personnel has been raised by the Navy. The includes upgradation of 20 Coastal November 26, 2008. Committee on Security (CCS). The salient Indian Navy has signed a `300-crore deal Police Stations and the establishment features were: with a Sri Lankan shipyard company for the of 10 Marine Operational Centres in Recap zz The Indian Navy has been made respon- procurement of 80 FICs. The delivery has Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) islands. Operation Swan: On March 12, 1993, ter- sible for overall maritime security started and is likely to be completed in a zz Vessels 12 tonne: 180 rorists carried out a series of explosions which includes both coastal and off- couple of years. zz Rigid Inflatable Boats: 25 (for island ter- in Mumbai which ravaged the city, caused shore security duly assisted by the ICG, Island territories: Since 2011, the ritories) 250 fatalities and 700 were injured. India state marine police and other Central Indian Navy has strived towards creation of zz Large Vessels: 10 (for A&N islands) launched ‘Operation Swan’ during August and state agencies. operational and administrative infrastruc- zz Jetties: 60 1993 to prevent clandestine landings along zz Four Joint Operation Centres (JOCs) are ture in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands the coasts of Maharashtra and Gujarat. to be established under the jurisdiction and the Lakshadweep and Minicoy Islands. Implementation Status The scheme has been transferred in total- of the respective Cs-in-C. The Cs-in-C Naval Base INS Dweeprakshak (Island pro- All the coastal states/UTs have initiated ity during March 2011 to the Ministry of will also hold additional responsibility tector) has been established at Kavaratti in the process of land identification and land Defence (MoD) and has been extended up as Cs-in-C, Coastal Defence. Lakshawadeep for this purpose. acquisition, for operation and construction to March 31, 2014. zz A national command, control, com- Establishment of additional ICG Sta- of coastal police stations and jetties. Out of munication and intelligence network tions: By the end of 2012, ICG was to have the 131 sanctioned coastal police stations, Post-Kargil: After the Kargil Operations in (NC3IN) would be established for real- 42 CG stations (CGS). At present there are 54 have been operationalised, land has July 1999, a committee of Group of Min- time maritime domain awareness. about 36 CGS stations, with the last one been acquired/under possession for 54. isters was formed under L.K. Advani with zz The Indian Navy will also control all ICG being commissioned at Pipavav in Gujarat. the brief to make recommendations on joint operations. Work is in progress for the remaining six. Procurement of Phase-II Boats “Reforming the National Security System”. zz Necessary infrastructure will be cre- ICG Force Level: There are approxi- Procurement of approved 180 boats and 10 It recommended the creation of infra- ated for all organisations involved in mately 75 surface vessels in service and large vessels for A&N islands in Phase-II of structure for the protection of India’s vast coastal security by the way of control many more are on order. ICG plans to Coastal Security Scheme is being done by coastal areas. centres, personnel and equipment. This double its strength by 2018. There are 45 the MHA. also included a specialised force, called helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft which MHA’s Coastal Security Schemes the Sagar Prahari Bal (SPB), comprising would be further strengthened with the Comprehensive Security Plan for A&N Division of responsibility: There is a 1,000 personnel and equipped with 80 induction of two medium-range surveil- Islands multi-tier arrangement for coastal security fast interception craft (FIC). lance aircraft in the near future. Other A&N Administration has formulated a com- involving the Indian Navy, ICG and marine zz Vessel and air traffic management inductions are: prehensive security plan for A&N Islands in police of the coastal states and UTs. The systems will be installed wherever zz ICG Ship Vaibhav, the third in the series consultation with Indian Navy, Indian Coast State Marine Police jurisdiction extends required. of 90 metres class offshore patrol ves- Guard and other stakeholders, and submit- up to 12 nautical miles (about 22 km), ICG zz The ICG has been additionally desig- sel has been commissioned during May ted to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). functions between 12-200 nautical miles nated as the authority responsible for 2013. It is to be implemented over a period of (about 22-370 km) which is the EEZ, and coastal security within the territorial zz The ICG Ship Rajveer, 50-metre inshore eight years, in three phases. the Indian Navy extends beyond 200 nauti- waters, including areas to be patrolled patrol vessel (IPVs), the seventh in the cal miles (370 km). by the coastal police. series of eight IPVs designed and built Continued on page 16...

6/2013 15  technology / Coastal security Saab Teaming up with India on Naval Systems

Saab has offered their RBS15 anti-ship missile to the Indian Navy. This can be launched from land, air and sea, making it suitable for a wide spectrum of threat scenarios. The RBS15 missile family, consisting of RBS15 Mk 3 and the RBS15F ER air launched version, has the unique flexibility of launch from various platforms

Photograph: Saab Group he Saab Naval portfolio, the source of artillery fire and impact point addressing the three dimensions looking from sea-wards, an aid very useful of air, surface and subsurface for platforms used in landing operations. solutions provides comprehen- This also adds value for adjusting your sive solutions to the challenges own fire. The light electronically stabilised Tposed by the maritime environment today. antenna (640 kg) and high speed of rota- Since more than 90 per cent of global trade tion (30/60 rpm) also make this radar very is carried by sea, the need to protect these suitable particularly for a wide variety of trade flows is growing. This is why there is a naval platforms. rising demand in the naval market for expe- For naval and coast guard command- ditionary and coastal capabilities. Techno- ers who need to assure maritime domain logical advances are also driving develop- awareness and ship survivability, the Sea ment, such as ships with smaller crews and GIRAFFE LT is an augmented 2D version of more sensors used to monitor and record the 3D Sea GIRAFFE AMB radar. This per- traffic along coasts and in harbours. forms both surface and air surveillance Saab’s objective to co-develop and co- and tracking simultaneously, has a low produce in India for India (and where appli- top weight (< 250 kg), incorporates three cable, the world market), complements the antennas in one (search + navigation + IFF), successive Indian Naval Chief’s stated objec- and is easy to upgrade to a 3D Sea GIRAFFE tive of Indian Navy being a builder’s Navy. AMB radar. The SG AMB and SG LT use the While Saab has a long history of work- newest available radar technology and the ing with the Indian Government, its entry C-band frequency to optimise both air and into the coastal security domain has been surface surveillance in all weather condi- RBS15 being fired from tions. The factor that appeals to opera- made through the Director General of Swedish Navy ship Gävle Lighthouses and Lightships with the set- tional commanders is that the Saab radars ting up of the National AIS network. maximises the response time of the naval Saab has started with Pipavav Defence commander and has multi-role capabilities. and Offshore Engineering Company Saab has offered their RBS15 anti-ship smaller and lighter sea-skimming missile can The factor that appeals to naval platform (PDOC), a combat systems engineering missile to the Indian Navy. This can be serve as a cost-effective complement to the builders is their low footprint and weight group (CSEG) and is teaming with them launched from land, air and sea, making it supersonic missile BrahMos, which is Indian above and below deck. for the development of indigenous combat suitable for a wide spectrum of threat sce- Navy’s standard fit for large platforms. The long-range variant of the Sea management systems, structured around narios. The RBS15 missile family, consist- In addition to the missile, Saab has also GIRAFFE radar family is the Sea GIRAFFE4A. Saab’s framework of the 9LV combat man- ing of RBS15 Mk 3 and the RBS15F ER air responded to the Navy’s RFI for the mobile This is a 3D multi-mission AESA radar on agement system. launched version, has the unique flexibil- coastal missile systems with the 3D Saab the S (E/F)-band which is designed to meet The 9LV solutions extend from a simple ity of launch from various platforms. The multi-roles GIRAFFE AMB as the primary tomorrow’s naval commander challenges situation awareness terminal (9LV SAT) RBS15 Mk3 is the latest development in the radar sensor and integrated C2 and RBS15. like smaller and faster multiple threats, which can be used even in a RHIB boat with RBS15 family of surface-to-surface (SSM) Saab is proud of its naval radars that complex target manoeuvring, electronic wireless connectivity to mother, to the 9LV missile system. It is a true fire-and-forget have been used by many navies in the world. attack and protect. With automated target Compact suited for smaller and more com- multi-purpose anti-ship/land attack, ultra- The fact that it is selected as the naval radar classification and identification, the radar pact platforms, to the full-fledged 9LV CMS low sea skimming and cruise missile. on the US Navy littoral combat ship pro- is suited for both littorals and blue water suited for frigates, landing platform docks The missile possesses a very high hit gramme is a proud testimonial of its multi- operations. It takes full advantage of the (LPDs), destroyers, aircraft carriers and sub- probability through the means of a flex- role capabilities. The factor that appeals to AESA technology (multi-mission), and like marines. Through the setting up of these ible pre-launch programmable active radar operational commanders is that the Saab other Saab naval radars, has a low foot- capabilities in the country, the indigenous seeker. It has unique ECCM and defence pen- radars maximises the response time of the print, and high air and surface search vol- effort to configure operational platforms etration capabilities by a stealthy approach naval commander due to a high target up- ume capacity and very long detection range through a systems engineered analysis will featuring a very low terminal trajectory with date rate in the full search volume. Saab’s for a relatively small radar. help optimise operational systems and pro- a set of evasive manoeuvres and re-attack 3D Sea GIRAFFE AMB radar has been cho- Saab has a strong position in radar vide the Commanding Officers those few options.The RBS15F ER the air-launched ver- sen by most customers worldwide for its and early warning, command, control and extra seconds for taking the right decisions! sion of the missile can be launched from both capability to detect sea-skimming missiles communication systems (C4ISR), tactical Saab also has on offer light weight fighter as well as reconnaissance aircraft. The out to the radar horizon, automatic track weapons and underwater systems. Some optronic tracking system (EOS 500) and RBS15 missile is designed to operate from initiation in high-clutter environments like of these solutions are airborne: multi-role efficient all-weather fire directing system blue sea conditions to littoral warfare and in littorals, and above all more than 97 per surveillance aircraft ensuring full control (Ceros 200) capable to direct a wide vari- land attack missions. The long flight range cent availability in combat environment. and command of maritime arenas, operat- ety of guns and missile systems. Over 200 and extremely flexible trajectory enables In addition, the radar has a built in RAM ing independently or in unison with other installations of this system are in use by attacks from short distances toranges well function that is perhaps unique in that it marine and land-based assets in military as several navies in the world. beyond the horizon. RBS15 Mk3, being a provides capability to detect and pin-point well as search-and-rescue missions. SP

Fencing the Indian... continued from page 15

Registration of Boats metres length, ICG is carrying out trials for the coastal villages and by the end of 2012, Group has submitted its report which is All the fishing/non-fishing boats plying suitable tracking systems. 5.1 million cards had been produced. under consideration. in Indian waters will be registered under a uniform system by the Department of Issuance of ID Cards to Fishermen Port Security National Committee for Maritime and Shipping. All the fishermen are being issued ID cards The security of 12 major ports of the Coastal Security which are relatable to a single centralised country is being looked after by the Cen- A National Committee for Strengthening Mari- Installation of Transponders on Boats database. tral Industrial Security Force. However, no time and Coastal Security against Threats from All types of vessels including fishing ves- security norms for the 187 minor ports the Sea had been constituted by the govern- sels, other than fishing vessels of less than Multi-purpose National Identity Cards of the country have so far been evolved. ment in August 2009, under the chairmanship 20 metres length, are to be installed with The Registrar General of India is working The Ministry of Shipping had constituted of the Cabinet Secretary. Defence Minister automatic identification system (AIS) type on a project for issuance of multi-purpose a Working Group in July 2009 for stan- A.K. Antony has been periodically reviewing

SP www.spsnavalforces.com B transponders. For vessels of less than 20 national identity cards to the population in dardisation of ports security. The Working measures taken for coastal security.

16 6/2013 Sp’s exclusiveS / News News in Brief

By SP’s Special Correspondent along with her 183-strong Russian guaran- Army, Navy ‘disappointed’ as MoD HEAT warheads for as many as 356 infan- tee squad, that will remain at the base for defers crucial missile buys try battalions. The deal with the SPIKE’s Navy to exercise INS Vikramaditya a period of one year to iron out induction maker, Rafael of Israel, is apparently con- in 2014 issues that could spring up in the near term. tingent on the findings of an independent The two-carrier navy notion, though, is committee that has been mandated with only that right now — a notion. The Vikra- looking into the feasibility of concluding maditya won’t be operational as a fight- deals with the company in the light of con- ing platform for more than a year. The tinuing CBI investigations into the Barak MiG-29Ks at INS Hansa will begin operat- point defence missile deal. In fact, the DAC ing from the ship’s deck in 2014, and will meeting on Monday was also supposed to only be fully operational by early 2015. consider a follow-on purchase of over 250 The INS Viraat, on the other hand, over 50 Barak-1 point defence missile systems for years old in total service, is on its last legs, warships including the navy’s sole aircraft As the Indian Navy works on sailing its new- though its last refit may see it extended carrier INS Viraat. The Navy has been con- est acquisition back home, it has already in service till 2017-18. The ship itself is a cerned that the Barak system suffers from decided that the INS Vikramaditya will be lower cause for worry, since its embedded a shortage of munitions in the Indian fleet part of preliminary internal exercises in the fleet of upgraded Sea Harriers are small in and that this could affect the overall capa- Arabian Sea in 2014, but will be fielded in number, and availability issues constrain bility intended. The LR-SAM or Barak-8/ joint exercises with other countries only sustained operations. Therefore, it may The Army and Navy, which had antici- NG programme, a DRDO-Israel joint devel- from 2015 onwards. not be until 2015 that India has a fully pated a tough decision at November 11’s opment programme intended to provide After operating a single aircraft carrier functional aircraft carrier force again. meeting of the Defence Acquisition Coun- the navy with a Barak-1 replacement is for over 16 years, the Indian Navy is once Be that as it may, the INS Vikramaditya cil (DAC), were left disappointed with nowhere close to operational service, again technically a two-carrier force with INS will find pride of place in the Western Fleet sensitivities forcing Defence Minister A.K. though it will be a far more capable and Vikramaditya all set to join the INS Viraat in as the country’s flagship. For $2.35-billion, Antony to err on the side of caution. The longer range weapon once ready. the Western Fleet when it arrives in Indian the Indian Navy may have been forced to Army was expecting approval for a deal waters in January. The 44,500-tonne aircraft wait nearly a decade, but is satisfied with the for Israeli-built SPIKE man-portable fire- For complete versions, log on to: carrier will operate from Karwar, where results, and is looking forward to exploring and-forget anti-tank and anti-personnel www.spsnavalforces.com & the Seabird project is all set to receive her the capabilities of its newest warship. guided missiles with a tandem-charged www.spsmai.com

J-15 ship-borne aircraft’s ern Naval Command, Vice Admiral Satish plant, including fully electric,” Sukhanov to the Liaoning’s Captain Zhang Zheng. performance modifications Soni, and the Commandant, INA, Vice Admi- said, adding that changes could affect other The aircraft carrier was escorted by two On November 6, Wang Yongqing, Chief ral Pradeep Chauhan, were also present. subsystems of future submarines. The missile destroyers, the Shenyang and Shiji- Designer of J-15, revealed that special designer said the most likely substitution azhuang, and two missile frigates, the Yan- design features have been applied to the Delivery of the first NH90 Step B to for a nuclear reactor on strategic and attack tai and Weifang. The voyage will test the J-15 in accordance with its deployment on Italian Navy submarines would be an air-independent carrier’s equipment. Long cross-sea voy- aircraft carriers, in order to achieve the spe- propulsion plant (AIPP), which would make ages are a necessary stage of experimen- cial requirements of ship-borne aircraft. J-15 them stealthier than nuclear-powered boats. tation and training to test equipment and ship-borne aircraft series No. 555 was a very The AIPP allows a non-nuclear submarine to troops under continuous work and differ- important aircraft although it had attracted operate without the need to access atmo- ent hydrological and meteorological condi- limited media attention. The J-15 is China’s spheric oxygen. He said the construction of tions. The Liaoning and its crew conducted first-generation ship-borne fighter, devel- fifth-generation submarines in Russia could a series of tests and training drills, includ- oped on the basis of the J-11. Particular start in the next 10-15 years. The Russian ing landing and take-off by various aircraft, attention has been given to the special Navy currently relies on third-generation including the J-15 carrier-borne fighter. requirements of ship-borne aircraft, in addi- submarines, with fourth-generation subs tion to the guarantee of its combat capabili- of the Project 955 Borey class of strategic C4I System upgrades and maintenance ties. As China’s first ship-borne fighter, the boats and Project 885 Yasen class of attack for Royal Saudi Naval Forces (RSNF) J-15 has excellent sea-air combat capability, The Italian Navy has taken delivery of its boats just beginning to be adopted for ser- The Defense Security Cooperation Agency and is equipped with a variety of air-to-air, first NH90 Step B naval helicopter, which vice. Russia is planning to build eight Borey has notified Congress of possible foreign air-to-ground and air-to-sea attack weapons. is the fully operational version of the 46 it class and eight Yasen class submarines by military sale to Saudi Arabia of C4I system Its comprehensive combat capability has has ordered. Five earlier aircraft delivered in 2020. They are expected to become the upgrades and maintenance and associated reached an internationally advanced level the interim Step A configuration will now be mainstay of the country’s nuclear-powered equipment, parts, training and logistical which reflects the extraordinary technical upgraded. “NH90 Step B will allow its crew to submarine fleet for at least two decades. support for an estimated cost of $1.1 bil- achievements of China’s aviation industry. fully take advantage of its tremendous mis- lion. The proposed sale will improve the sion system,” explains Xavier Poupardin, Del- Chinese aircraft carrier “Liaoning RSNF capability to maintain and upgrade Passing Out Parade at Indian Naval egated Managing Director of NHIndustries. Ship” sea trials its current C4I system, increase the ability Academy, Ezhimala The Step B configuration features a range of China’s first aircraft carrier Liaoning has of RSNF vessels and manpower to effec- significant advancements in mission capa- been carrying out periodic sea trials to fine tively protect Saudi Arabia’s coastal stra- bility including mission systems integration tune the operational readiness of the ship. tegic assets, and keep pace with the rapid for both air-to-surface missiles such as the During the ninth trial, it completed test flight advances in C4I technology to remain a Marte MK/2S and torpedoes, advanced sat- and training. During this phase, it has com- viable US coalition partner in the region. ellite and encrypted communications, radar pleted test flight of ship-borne J-15 fighters, The RSNF will use the upgraded C4I system and avionics capability enhancements. ship-deck test, training of commanders for to provide situational awareness of naval ship-borne fighters’ landing, and flight train- activity in the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Russian Shipbuilder outlines concept ing of test pilots successively. Besides, the of Future Attack Submarine support capability and process of all the Pentagon contract for Rockwell A senior designer at the Rubin design take-off positions on Liaoning were tested Collins Inc. bureau has said that Russia’s fifth-gener- for the first time, and such tests as disas- Rockwell Collins Inc., has been awarded a At an impressive Passing Out Parade (POP) ation strategic and attack submarines will sembly and assembly of engines of ship- $4,65,82,848 modification to previously held at the Indian Naval Academy (INA), most likely be non-nuclear-powered, more borne J-15 fighters were also completed for awarded firm-fixed-price contract to exer- Ezhimala on November 23, 399 cadets of compact and less “visible”. the first time. During the training of com- cise an option for the manufacture and the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard Large nuclear-powered vessels, includ- manders for ship-borne fighters’ landing, installation of two Block I modification (ICG) passed through the portals of the INA, ing Russia’s Typhoon class strategic boats, the Liaoning succeeded in training a group aircraft kits including Internet Protocol on successful completion of their training. have so far dominated past and current of qualified landing commanders, which is Bandwidth Expansion Phase III and very This POP marked the commissioning of the trends in combat submarine construction. of great significance for normal take-off and low frequency transmit terminals (VTT) for cadets belonging to the four passing-out “I believe future submarines will be smaller, landing training on the ship. It then sailed the E-6B aircraft. In addition, this contract courses of the Autumn Term 2013. Also because of the use of more advanced tech- back to a naval port on November 11, 2013. includes the manufacture and installation graduating and marching shoulder to shoul- nologies as well as the pursuit of more cost- The tenth sea trial started on Novem- of four VTT retrofit modification kits in der with their male counterparts were 28 effective production,” Sergei Sukhanov said ber 26, on a scientific and training mission. support of the low rate initial production female cadets from the Indian Navy and the in an exclusive interview with RIA Novosti. This is the first time the carrier has con- E-6B aircraft, field support, differences ICG. The parade was reviewed by the Chief “The fifth-generation boat will also be less ducted a cross-sea training voyage since it training, software licences and agreements, of the Naval Staff, Admiral D.K. Joshi. The ‘visible’ compared with existing subma- was commissioned into the People’s Libera- and updates to an operational flight trainer. Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South- rines. They could also feature a new power tion Army (PLA) Navy last year, according Work will be completed in May 2015.

6/2013 17  News

Lockheed Martin conducts LRASM flight test Publisher and Editor-in-Chief Naval Commanders’ Conference 2013 Jayant Baranwal Assistant Group Editor R. Chandrakanth Senior Editorial Adviser R. Adm (Retd) S.K. Ramsay Senior Technical Group Editor Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey Contributing Editor Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor Assistant Editor Lockheed Martin’s long-range anti-ship mis- Sucheta Das Mohapatra sile (LRASM) has recently achieved another Contributors successful flight test, with the missile India scoring a direct hit on a moving maritime Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash target. The test was conducted in support R. Adm (Retd) Raja Menon of the Defense Advanced Research Proj- Cmde C.P. Srivastava Cmde (Retd) Sujeet Samaddar ects Agency (DARPA) and Office of Naval Cmde (Retd) A.J. Singh Research (ONR) programme. Flying over Europe the sea range, a US Air Force B-1B bomber omplimenting the Indian Navy for achievement of criticality of the reactor Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, released the LRASM, which navigated the commissioning of the aircraft onboard Arihant. In addition, the launch Andrew Brookes (UK) through all planned waypoints receiving in- Ccarrier INS Vikramaditya during of GSAT-7 will also significantly increase USA & Canada flight targeting updates from the weapon the Naval Commanders’ Conference, the our net-centric capabilities, he said. Lon Nordeen (USA) data link. After transitioning to autono- Defence Minister A.K. Antony said that Turning to geopolitical and security Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) mous guidance, LRASM identified the target coupled with the MiG-29K aircraft, the matrices in and around the country, Ant- West Asia/Africa using inputs from the onboard sensors. The carrier has the potential to become a force ony said that these have been changing H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) missile then descended for final approach, multiplier in enhancing the combat capa- and evolving at a rapid pace. He expressed Chairman & Managing Director verified and impacted the target. LRASM bility of the Navy. He added that over the satisfaction that the Navy has maintained Jayant Baranwal is an autonomous, precision-guided anti- last six months, the Navy has inducted an a fairly high operational tempo particu- Executive Vice President (Planning & Business Development) ship standoff missile leveraging the suc- impressive range of platforms including larly over the past six months. Antony said Rohit Goel cessful joint air-to-surface standoff missile the P-8I aircraft and offshore patrol ves- the Indian Navy personnel have always Administration & Circulation extended range (JASSM-ER) heritage, and sel (OPV) build by the Goa Shipyard Ltd. risen to challenges and have conducted Bharti Sharma is designed to meet the needs of US Navy In the coming months, the first ships of themselves in the best traditions of the [email protected] and Air Force warfighters in a robust anti- P-15A, Kolkata and P-28, Kamorta will be services. Describing the loss of 18 crew Creative Director access/area-denial threat environment. inducted into the Navy apart from addi- members onboard INS Sindhurakshak on Anoop Kamath tional P-8I and advanced jet trainer air- August 14 this year as an unprecedented Design Northrop Grumman demonstrates craft. “The fact that all 45 naval ships cur- tragedy, Antony said, we need to seri- Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht electronic attack capability on a UAV rently under construction are being built ously reflect upon the incident, analyse it Research Assistant: Graphics in India is ample proof of our indigenous and also draw lessons for future even as Survi Massey shipbuilding capability,” he said. The attempts to salvage the submarine and an Sales & Marketing Defence Minister said a major boost to inquiry to ascertain the possible cause of Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia General Manager: Rajeev Chugh our strategic deterrence capability was the the accident is already under way. SP SP’s Website Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma Thales to supply Mission Suite for Group for carrying out a full spectrum of Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on behalf Indonesian PKR Vessels missions, including humanitarian, disaster of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. Thales has announced the signing of a relief, maritime security, anti-piracy and All rights reserved. No part of this publication may contract with the Dutch shipyard Damen other operations while providing air sup- be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Northrop Grumman Corporation has inte- Schelde Naval Shipbuilding for the deliv- port for ground forces. system, or transmitted in any form or by any grated and employed an internal minia- ery and installation of a full mission sys- America class ships are 844 feet long means, photocopying, recording, electronic, or otherwise without the prior written ture electronic attack payload on the Bat tems suite for the two PKR class vessels and 106 feet wide. They will accommo- permission of the publishers. unmanned aircraft, marking the first time under construction for the Indonesian date a crew of 1,059 (65 officers) and Printed in India that such a system was used in operation on Navy. Thales will supply the latest release 1,687 troops. The America class will be by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd a Group III (small, tactical) unmanned air- of the TACTICOS combat management sys- capable of carrying a Marine Expeditionary © SP Guide Publications, 2013 craft system. The demonstration involved tem; SMART-S Mk2 surveillance radar; STIR Unit, including Marine helicopters, MV-22 Subscription/ Circulation the jamming of radars during the Marine 1.2 Mk2 EO fire control system; KINGKLIP Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft and F-35B joint Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squad- sonar; LINK-Y data link, as well as its naval strike fighter (JSF) aircraft. E-mail: [email protected] ron One (MAWTS-1) Weapons and Tactics communication and navigation systems. [email protected] Instructor (WTI) event at Naval Air Weapons The first delivery is scheduled for the end Pentagon contract for Bell Letters to the Editor Station China Lake, California, in October. of 2014. The programme is scheduled to Helicopter Textron Inc. [email protected] The Pandora electronic attack payload is a end in 2017. Bell Helicopter Textron Inc., has been For Advertising Details, Contact: low-cost derivative of Northrop Grumman’s awarded a $82,66,644 firm-fixed-price con- [email protected] [email protected] family of upgraded digital APR-39 systems. Ingalls Shipbuilding’s latest large- tract for the manufacturing and delivery of The lightweight, multifunction payload pro- deck amphibious ship America three Bell 407 analog helicopters in sup- SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD vides electronic attack, support and protec- port of the endurance upgrade of the verti- POSTAL ADDRESS Corporate Office tion. Pandora was integrated on Bat in less cal take-off and landing tactical unmanned A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, than two months. aerial vehicle MQ-8C Fire Scout. Work will New Delhi 110 003, India be completed in June 2014. Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 >> SHOW CALENDAR Sagem Navigation System selected Regd Office by DSME of South Korea Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 E-mail: [email protected] Sagem (Safran) beat out an international 3-6 December field to win the contract from Daewoo Representative Offices Marintec China 2013 BENGALURU, INDIA Shanghai New International Expo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey Centre (SNIEC), China (DSME) of South Korea as prime contractor 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, www.marintecchina.com Huntington Ingalls Industries’ Ingalls Ship- for the navigation system to be installed on Bengaluru 560043, India. building division’s multi-purpose amphibi- three 1,400-tonne ocean-going submarines Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 9-11 December ous assault ship America (LHA 6) returned to be deployed by the Indonesian navy. MOSCOW, RUSSIA Offshore Patrol Vessels Middle East 2013 after successfully completing builder’s sea Ordered by Indonesia in 2012, this new LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., Jumeirah at Etihad Towers Hotel, trials in the Gulf of Mexico. Ingalls’ test class of ocean-going submarine is the first Abu Dhabi, UAE 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. and trials team started with dock trials South Korean-designed submarine to be Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, www.opvmiddleeast.com and then spent five days operating the ship sold in international markets. The Sagem Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 28-29 January 2014 at sea, where it conducted more than 200 navigation system comprises two high- www.spguidepublications.com Underwater Defense & Security test events. During builder’s trials, America performance Sigma 40XP laser gyro inertial www.spsnavalforces.com Portsmouth Marriott, Portsmouth, UK performed all required sea trial evolutions, reference units, a computer and safety-crit- RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 www.underwater-defence-security.com including the operation of the gas turbine/ ical navigation software, all contributing to electric-powered propulsion system. Other the submarine’s stealth and safety during 30-31 January 2014 tests included anchor handling, flight dives. It also offers outstanding reliability Surface Warships operations and combat systems’ evalua- and precision, making it the best system for Action Stations, Portsmouth, UK tions. When America enters the fleet, it will demanding submarine missions, whether www.surfacewarships.com SP www.spsnavalforces.com be the flagship of an Expeditionary Strike at sea or for operations along coastlines.

18 6/2013 We at SP’s Believe in Relentless Hardwork & Firm Expansions DEEP Rooted Integrity &Trust

SP’s Aviation, SP’s Land Forces, SP’s Naval Forces, SP’s Airbuz are - a. BPA Applied For; b. Circulated in Asia-Pacific including India backed by BPA endorsement. Yet another Development that reinstates our Long-Established Commitment to Aerospace & Defence Fraternity

UNPARALLELED, UNMATCHED STANDING IN THE REGION.

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