STATISTICS BRIEF WORLD REPORT ON METRO AUTOMATION 2018 INTRODUCTION In March 2018 automated metros reached the years will however overshadow this achievement: if 1,000km milestone with the opening of the Pu- confirmed projects advance to plan, by 2023 the jiang Line in Shanghai. As of December 2018, number of automated metro km in the world is set nearly a quarter of the world’s metro systems have to triple, with most of the growth taking place in at least one fully automated line in operation. In China. This Statistics Brief offers a general over- total, there are 64 fully automated metro lines in view of the world metro automation landscape to- 42 cities, operating 1,026km, a 27.7% increase in day and its expected future evolution. km over the 2016 World Report figures. The next Copenhagen Vancouver Paris Lille Nuremberg Rennes Lausanne Detroit Lyon Budapest Beijing Uijeongbu Brescia Tokyo Toulouse Yokohama Las Vegas Istanbul Incheon Seoul Queens (NY) Barcelona Rome Milan Yongin Nagoya Jacksonville Turin Guangzhou Daegu Busan Osaka Miami Shanghai Kobe Dubai Hong Kong Taipei Kuala Lumpur Singapore São Paulo Santiago de Chile High capacity lines: more than 700 passengers per train Medium capacity lines: 300 to 700 passengers per train Low capacity lines: under 300 passengers per train Figure 1: Cities with fully automated metro lines in operation, as of 31 December 2018 1 INFRASTRUCTURE The 64 fully automated metro lines in operation in De- 180 cember 2018 provide public transport service to over 161 160 140 1,026km and 1,026 metro stations in 42 cities across the Extension New Line world. 120 100 80 77 Asia has consolidated its status as the leading world re- 80 68 60 49 gion in metro automation (see Figure 2) with 50% of the 34 32 40 30 25 67 18 20 47 km of fully automated metro lines in operation, thanks in 27 29 13 18 0 11 7 a a a a y y e particular to the opening of five new lines (in Korea, Ma- n E i l i r e e n d s a i a r A o k a t y h p r I o p n a U l u S a a K C a T laysia and China) in the last two years. Europe remains g C h n t M i u S o second at 30%, with North America and Middle East S following at 11% and 8% respectively. Last in the chart, Chinese Taipei Latin America has however experienced one of the high- Figure 4: Top 10 countries/territories in building fully automated metros in the last 10 years, measured in km est relative growth rates, with the opening of Line 6 in Santiago. Latin At city level, Singapore remains the largest automated MENA America metro network, with 126km of automated lines (see Fig- ure 5). After Dubai, Singapore has implemented one of 8% 1% North the largest network expansions in the last decade (see America 11% Figure 6). With the exception of Lille and Paris, today’s largest networks have also experienced the highest rates 50% Asia-Pacific of growth in the last 10 years. Singapore 126 Europe 30% Kuala Lumpur 97 Dubai 80 Vancouver 79 Lille 47 Seoul 42 Busan Figure 2 : Automated metros per world region, measured as a % of km in 36 Barcelona operation 34 Paris 33 Incheon 29 Four countries concentrate half of the world’s km of fully 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 automated metro lines: South Korea, France, Singapore and Malaysia (see Figure 3). The same three Asian coun- Figure 5: Top 10 cities with fully automated metros in operation, tries, together with the United Arab Emirates, also lead measured in km in growth in the last decade (see Figure 4). 180 90 80 160 80 77 140 70 68 Extension New Line 120 60 100 50 42 80 40 36 34 67 30 30 29 60 25 24 47 40 20 27 29 20 10 13 11 0 l i 0 i r r a e u n n a e u e r u l . a n g o k a y a y y b n i e p y a o d e v e p s o E i n i l l e r o e r z i r u i l a e e A d u n c s n a p u n a a a . h i a m e a a A k o o S a a a h p T a y t D n B c r u c l g r D S h I c g p a p n a m r . a n r U L l C m n u n n I J B r a a a S i n C e r a a a T U u g l S B z F e e C V a h Korea t n i M H i t u D G u w S K o S S Chinese Taipei Figure 6: Top 10 Automated metro networks with largest growth in the last Figure 3 : Fully automated metros per country/territory, measured in km 10 years, measured in km 2 CHARACTERISTICS & TRENDS SIGNALLING TECHNOLOGY Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) is the CAPACITY dominant signalling solution for fully automated metro lines: 72% of the world’s km of automated metros are Initially deployed in low capacity lines, currently 75% of operated under CBTC systems (Figure 9). 87% of the the world’s automated metro infrastructure operate me- fully automated metro infrastructure inaugurated in the dium and high capacity trains, a trend that continues to last decade was equipped with CBTC. accelerate (see Figure 7). Using train capacity as an in- dicator, most high capacity systems are deployed in Asia and Europe, and it is significant to note that this is the only typology present in Latin America (see Figure 8). 734km +87% Capacity (pax per train) 326km >700 292km 300-700 +46% <300 433km +13% CBTC Non-CBTC +39% 300 200 100 2009 100 200 300 400 500 600 267km ©UITP 2019 Figure 9: CBTC vs non-CBTC signalling solutions for fully automated me- +15% tros, measured as km equipped and % of km inaugurated in the last decade 250 200 150 100 50 2009 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Thales remains the market leader for fully automated ©UITP 2019 Figure 7: Automated metros per train capacity, measured in km, and inaugu- lines, with close to 330km of automated metro equipped, rated metros in the last decade, measured as a % of km in its majority, in mid-capacity lines. Siemens follows with over 250km, of which approximately half corresponds to high capacity lines (see Figure 10). 600 512 Beijing Trac 500 Capacity Others (pax per train) Control Technology 400 39% >700 Kyosan 300-700 <300 1% 293 Kobelco 6% 300 2% 35% 6% 35% 200 Ansaldo 32% 116 STS 7% 32% Thales 100 80 69% 26% 33% 25 0 Asia-Pacific Europe North America Middle East Latin America Alstom 8% Figure 8: Automated metros per world region and per train capacity, measured as a % of km in operation 13% Bombardier 25% Siemens Figure 10: Signalling suppliers of fully automated metro lines, measured as % of km equipped 3 ROLLING STOCK MARKET PLATFORM TRACK PROTECTION SYSTEMS In 2018, 13 rolling stock suppliers share the market for Platform screen doors (PSD) remain the dominant solu- fully automated metro lines. While Bombardier, Siemens tion over track intrusion detection systems (see Figure and Alstom trains serve over 50% of the km of automat- 13) to ensure the safety of the platform/track interface ed metro in operation (see Figure 11), the last two years in fully automated metro lines. Currently, 77% of stations also saw three new suppliers entering the market: CAF, in automated metro lines in operation are equipped with CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd. and Changchun Railway platform screen doors (and 87% of the stations built in Vehicles Co., Ltd/Norinco. the last decade). Others 790 stations Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Bombardier 10% Transportation 6% 24% +87%* Kinki Sharyo 7% Hitachi 9% 241 stations 18% Siemens 12% PSD Transportation Non-PSD Hyundai Rotem 14% Systems +14%* Alstom 350 250 150 50 2009 50 150 250 350 450 550 Figure 11: Automated rolling stock suppliers, measured as % of km equipped ©UITP 2019 Figure 13: Platform Screen Doors vs. non-PSD (Total stations equipped & CONSTRUCTION MODEL % of new stations in the last decade) Unlike conventional metro systems, where underground alignments remain predominant (67% of all stations), au- tomated metro lines underground and elevated stations are almost equally split (see Figure 12). However, 60% of GROWTH the stations inaugurated in the last decade correspond to Fully automated metro lines represent 7% of the world’s underground alignments. When considering the wheel/ metro infrastructure in operation. This comparatively rail interface system, a majority of lines opt for steel small figure is the outcome of a relatively short time span wheels, as opposed to rubber tyres: in the last decade, of exponential growth, especially when considering the close to 75% of new automated metro infrastructure 150 years of conventional metro history. In the 37 years corresponded to steel wheel systems. since the implementation of the first automated metro line, their growth rate has accelerated with each passing 485 stations decade, with 2018 marking a significant inflection point. In the next five years, it is expected that full automation +40% will become the mainstream design for greenfield met- ro lines, increasing from the current share of 10% of km Elevated of metro infrastructure in planning and construction, to 48% by 2022.