DOCSLIB.ORG

Climate Security Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Climate Security Assessment HCSS SECURITY Climate Security Assessment A Methodology and Assessment of the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Security of Nations and Regions Femke Remmits, Elisabeth Dick, Michel Rademaker WASH Healthcare Food security Recent shocks Frequency Early warning intensityand Long-term Coping capacity adaptation Extreme weather event Resilience Natural hazard Hazard- Vulnerability specific Hazard- specific Climate Security Risk Poverty Index Life expectancy Susceptibility Socio- Education economic Standard of living Hazard zone Unemployment Exposure Area Gender Socio-economic development Institutional Infrastructure (in)stability Hazard-specific Persons in zone Corruption the hazard fragility State Population This Climate Security Risk Methodology and Assessment was coordinated with the International Military Committee on Climate and Security, sponsored by HCSS and co-sponsored by the Luxembourg Government. HCSS helps governments, non-governmental organizations and the private sector to understand the fast-changing environment and seeks to anticipate the challenges of the future with practical policy solutions and advice. Climate Security Assessment A Methodology and Assessment of the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Security of Nations and Regions HCSS Security The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies ISBN/EAN: 9789492102782 Authors: Femke Remmits, Elisabeth Dick, Michel Rademaker (Project leader) December 2020 © The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced and/or published in any form by print, photo print, microfilm or any other means without prior written permission from HCSS. All images are subject to the licenses of their respective owners. Design: Mihai Eduard Coliban (layout) and Constantin Nimigean (typesetting). The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies [email protected] hcss.nl Lange Voorhout 1 2514EA The Hague The Netherlands HCSS Security Climate Security Assessment A Methodology and Assessment of the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Security of Nations and Regions Femke Remmits, Elisabeth Dick, Michel Rademaker The International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS) is a group of senior military leaders, security experts, and security institutions across the globe dedicated to anticipating, analyzing, and addressing the security risks of a changing climate. The IMCCS is co-led by: IMCCS Secretary General The Honorable Sherri Goodman, Former Deputy Undersecretary of Defense (Environmental Security) US Department of Defense IMCCS Chair General Tom Middendorp (Ret), Former Chief of Defence of the Netherlands The IMCCS Expert Group consists of IMCCS leaders committed to driving analysis, policy and communications on climate and security, including through the development, publication and endorsement of the World Climate and Security Report, as well as other timely analysis driven by demand signals from the IMCCS. IMCCS Expert Group currently consists of representatives from four institutions: • The Center for Climate and Security (CCS), an institute of the Council on Strategic Risks (CSR) • The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies (HCSS) • The Planetary Security Initiative at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations (Clingendael) • The French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS) IMCSS and HCSS are grateful for the support and co-sponsorship of the Government of Luxembourg. Special thanks to mr. Rol Reiland, Deputy Director of the Defence Directorate of the Ministry of Defence of Luxembourg for his support. Table of Contents Executive Summary 9 Introduction 11 Background 12 Scope 18 Used terms and definitions 20 Conceptual Framework 27 Risk assessment and matrix methodology 30 Research design for the risk assessment 30 Application into risk matrices 33 Country Climate Security Risk Analysis 35 Interpretating the climate security risk scores 35 Visualizing the results 36 Limitations 48 Appendix 1: Review of the literature 52 Appendix 2: Measuring Climate Hazards Risk 56 Assessment indicators 56 A climate security risk index score 58 Appendix 3: Stable indicator framework 61 Component: Vulnerability 63 Component: Exposure 77 Component: Susceptibility 79 Appendix 4: Hazard-specific indicators 98 Coastal flood risk 98 Riverine flood risk 112 Tropical storms risk: cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons 117 Landslides risk 122 Drought risk 128 Heat waves risk 140 Wildfires risk 145 Climate Security Assessment 5 Appendix 5: Climate Security Risk Country List 149 Coastal flooding 149 Riverine floods 151 Tropical storms 154 Landslides 156 Droughts 158 Heatwaves 160 Wildfires 162 Bibliography 165 6 HCSS Report List of Figures Figure 1. Risk as a function of probability and potential impact 22 Figure 2. The conceptual framework of probability 22 Figure 3. The conceptual framework of potential impact 26 Figure 4. The conceptual framework of climate security 27 Figure 5. The methodological framework to measure climate security risk 32 Figure 6. Example of a global coastal flooding risk matrix 33 Figure 7. Comparing hazard risks within a single country 34 Figure 8. Global plot of coastal flood risk including country codes. 37 Figure 9. The relative climate security risk of coastal flooding. 37 Figure 10. Global plot of riverine flood risk including country codes. 38 Figure 11. The relative climate security risk of riverine floods. 38 Figure 12. Global plot of tropical storm risk including country codes. 39 Figure 13. The relative climate security risk of tropical storms. 39 Figure 14. Global plot of landslide risk including country codes. 40 Figure 15. The relative climate security risk of landslides 40 Figure 16. Global plot of drought risk including country codes. 41 Figure 17. The relative climate security risk of droughts. 41 Figure 18. Global plot of heatwave risk including country codes. 42 Figure 19. The relative climate security risk of heat waves. 42 Figure 20. Global plot of wildfires risk including country codes. 43 Figure 21. The relative climate security risk of wildfires. 43 Figure 22. Climate Risk plot of Australia 44 Figure 23. Climate Risk plot of China 45 Figure 24. Climate Risk plot of India. 45 Figure 25. Climate Risk plot of the Netherlands. 46 Figure 26. Climate Risk plot of Russia 47 Figure 27. Climate Risk plot of the USA 47 List of Tables Table 1. Overview of the fixed indicator framework 62 Table 2. Coastal flooding indicators 102 Table 3. Riverine flooding indicators 114 Table 4. Tropical storms basins and seasons 118 Table 5. Tropical storms indicators 120 Table 6. Landslides indicators 124 Table 7. Drought indicators 132 Table 8. Heat waves indicators 142 Table 9. Wildfires indicators 147 Climate Security Assessment 7 Executive Summary Climate change and its adverse impacts on the world’s environment present increasing security risks to human systems. The rising frequency and strength of extreme weather events, like floods, tropical storms, landslides and, wildfires, are highly likely to increase the occurrence as well as the scope of climate-related disasters. Where extreme weather events interact with human systems, they have the potential to generate widespread mortality, morbidity, and health issues to people present in the hazard zone. Through the destruction of and damage to vital ecosystems, resources, livelihoods of people, infrastructures, and essential services, natural hazards can produce critical adverse consequences, including increased resource scarcity and/or competition, heightened inequality and social tensions, forced displacement and/or migration, and destabilized institutions. Through these mechanisms, natural hazards can pose substantial risks to overall societal stability and security. Climate security, in this report, implies the relationship between national security and human security and climate change through the direct and indirect security threats posed by climate change-related natural hazards. National security is a fundamental condition to protect human lives and to advance human security, including human rights. Natural hazards include events or trends directly influenced by climate change, including coastal and riverine floods, tropical storms (cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons), landslides, droughts, heatwaves, and wildfires. Security threats include those adverse impacts of natural hazards on human societies that spill over into higher-order security risks, including significant natural disasters requiring military responses or natural hazards resulting in threats to critical resources and infrastructure, wide-scale forced displacement, political instability, or intra-state violence and conflict. Climate change and natural hazards generally do not directly produce intra-state violence or conflict. More often, climate change acts as a threat multiplier by triggering or aggravating existing pressures within societies, including demographic, social, economic, or political strains, that potentially develop as underlying drivers of instability and insecurity. Especially when climate change overburdens the capacity of governments to effectively deal with these accumulating pressures, societies become more vulnerable to social or political instability. This risk methodology and assessment focuses on the risks to national security generated by climate-related disasters and comprises elements like territorial integrity, ecological Climate Security Assessment 9 security, economic security, physical security, human security and, social and political stability. The methodology supports the combination
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019-2020 Annual Report
    Bringing Hope in Emergency Building partnerships for the future Annual Report 2019-2020 The Catholica BRINGING Agency HOPE for IN EMERGENCYInternational Aid and Development “The Spirit of the Lord is Contents upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good Our Vision news to the poor. He has Vision and Mission 1 sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery From the Chair 2 of sight to the blind, to let From the CEO 3 the oppressed go free, to Principles 4 proclaim the year of the Strategy 5 Lord’s favour.” Our Work Luke 4:17-19 Where we work 6-7 Myanmar 8 Australia 9 Lebanon 10 South Sudan 11 Solomon Islands 12 Vietnam 13 Evaluation and learning 14 COVID-19 response 15 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers should be aware that this publication may contain images or names of people who have since passed away. Caritas Our Year Australia acknowledges the traditional owners and custodians, past and present, of the land on which all our offices are located. Year in review 16-17 Our year in advocacy 18 Cover: Villagers in Afghanistan learn how to protect themselves from COVID-19 In their own words 19 through hand-washing and hygiene measures. Photo: Stefanie Glinski/Catholic Relief Services Financial snapshot 20-21 Inside cover: A child in the Turkana region of Kenya, an arid region and the poorest in Kenya, with 60% of the population living in extreme poverty. Photo: Garry Walsh, Trocaire Fundraising spotlight 22 Design: Three Blocks Left ABN 90 970 605 069 Published November 2020 by Caritas Australia © Copyright Caritas Australia 2020 Leadership ISSN 2201-3083 In keeping with Caritas Australia’s high standard of transparency, this version has Our Diocesan network 23 been updated to correct minor typographical errors from an earlier version.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationally Determined Contribution 2021-2030 of the Republic of Armenia to Paris Agreement
    Draft DECISION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA [Date, N…] ON APPROVAL OF THE NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021-2030 OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA TO PARIS AGREEMENT Based on the Article 146 of the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia and taking into consideration paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 8 of Article 4 of the Paris Agreement, the Government of the Republic of Armenia decides to: 1. Approve the Nationally determined contribution 2021-2030 of the Republic of Armenia to the Paris Agreement. 2. This decision enters into force the next day following its official publication. Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia N. Pashinyan [Date] 1 Annex to the Government Decision N xxx dated xxx NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2021-2030 OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA TO THE PARIS AGREEMENT 1. The Republic of Armenia ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in May 1993. In December 2002, Armenia ratified the Kyoto Protocol, and in February 2017, it ratified the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. In May 2019, the Republic of Armenia ratified the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, undertaking a commitment to phase down HFCs1. Armenia remains committed to multilateral process addressing the climate change; 2. The Republic of Armenia submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC Secretariat in September 2015. The INDC started with a preparatory period 2015-2019, following with a next phase from 2020, with a horizon to 2050; 3. With the ratification of the Paris Agreement in February 2017, the INDC of Armenia became its nationally determined contribution (NDC) for the period of 2015 – 2050; 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Accept Corona As Part of Life, Return to Normalcy
    Indian Horizon National English Daily [email protected] www.indianhorizon.org RNI NO: DELENG/2013/51507 In memory of Dr Asima Kemal and Prof. Dr. Salim W Kemal [email protected] Volume Issue No: 139 Published from New Delhi & Hyderabad New Delhi, Thursday, May 21, 2020 No: 7 Pages 12 + 4 pull out (P16) Price: 3.00 INS TO SC: CENTRE, STATES TOOK HCQ AFTER VALET MAIN AIM IS TO WIN AN OLY OWE SEVERAL CRORES’ DUES TESTED COVID POSITIVE, MEDAL OF DIFFERENT COLOUR TO MEDIA INDUSTRY SAYS TRUMP IN TOKYO: MARY P-3 P-8 P-11 HOLIDAY NOTICE New Delhi, May 20 (IANS) mentation of the scheme that Prime Minister Narendra Modi NARENDRA MODI : is expected to bring about Blue THE WORLD UNDER ATTACK on Wednesday said several de- Revolution through sustainable cisions taken by the Cabinet Migrants, fishermen, and responsible development SCOURGE OF CORONAVIRUS today focused on welfare of of fisheries sector in India un- migrants, poor and senior citi- senior citizen to gain from der two components -- Central zens, adding these would facili- Sector Scheme and Centrally TOTAL TALLY IN INDIA Our office will be tate easier availability of credit Cabinet decisions Sponsored Scheme -- at a to- mounts to 1,06,750, death closed on 21st of May, and create opportunities in the tal estimated investment of Rs 2020 on the occasion fisheries sector. equate livelihood for rural-ur- 20,050 crore. toll 3,303 of Shab-E-Qadr. While welcoming the Cabi- ban communities.On ‘Pradhan The scheme is likely to ad- Therefore, net’s decision on formalisation Mantri Matsya Sampada Yo- dress the critical gaps in the of microfood processing enter- jana’, Modi said it will “revolu- fisheries sector and realize its there will be no issue prises, PM Modi tweeted: “The tionise the fisheries sector”.
    [Show full text]
  • Being Prepared for Unprecedented Times Peter Layton
    Being prepared for unprecedented times National mobilisation conceptualisations and their implications Peter Layton 1 2 3 BEING PREPARED FOR UNPRECEDENTED TIMES National mobilisation conceptualisations and their implications Peter Layton 3 About the Griffith Asia Institute The Griffith Asia Institute (GAI) is an internationally recognised research centre in the Griffith Business School. We reflect Griffith University’s longstanding commitment and future aspirations for the study of and engagement with nations of Asia and the Pacific. At GAI, our vision is to be the informed voice leading Australia’s strategic engagement in the Asia Pacific— cultivating the knowledge, capabilities and connections that will inform and enrich Australia’s Asia-Pacific future. We do this by: i) conducting and supporting excellent and relevant research on the politics, security, economies and development of the Asia-Pacific region; ii) facilitating high level dialogues and partnerships for policy impact in the region; iii) leading and informing public debate on Australia’s place in the Asia Pacific; and iv) shaping the next generation of Asia-Pacific leaders through positive learning experiences in the region. Visit us at: www.griffith.edu.au/asiainstitute About the publication This paper has been developed with the support of the Directorate of Mobilisation, Force Design Division within the Australian Department of Defence. Mobilisation involves civil society, emergency services and all levels of government. The sharing of the research undertaken aims to encourage informed community debate. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Australian Government or the Department of Defence, or any part thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Disaster and Debt Sustainability in Small Island
    December 2020 UNCTAD Research Paper No. 55 UNCTAD/SER.RP/2020/14 Anja Slany Multiple disasters and Associate Expert Division for Africa, Least Developed debt sustainability in Countries, and Special Programmes (ALDC), UNCTAD Small Island Developing [email protected] States Abstract Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are the most disaster-prone countries in the world. With an increasing frequency over time, they are regularly hit by severe storms and other disasters, causing on average an annual damage of 2.1 percent of GDP. In the aftermath of disasters, reconstruction efforts require massive financial resources which are often covered through external borrowing. On top, small countries are highly dependent and exposed to economic shocks what results in a massive drop of GDP and exports during global crisis such as COVID-19. In order to provide policy makers with tools to maintain debt sustainability, a better understanding of the options and the complexity between disaster response and debt is required. This paper estimates the impact of multiple disasters on debt sustainability indicators in SIDS over the period 1980 to 2018. Applying a fixed- effects and a Synthetic Control estimator, the results indicate an only weak correlation between a severe natural disaster and external debt what can be related to the restrictions of already highly indebted SIDS to access adequate financing. The paper discusses the implications for financing stronger resilience to disasters in the future and calls for stronger multilateral cooperation and greater flexibility in the accessibility to pre- and post- disaster financial instruments. Key words: Natural disasters, debt, SIDS, panel data © 2020 United Nations 1 UNCTAD Research Paper No.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Depth Review of the Investment Climate and Market Structure in the Energy Sector of the REPUBLIC of ARMENIA
    In-depth review of the investment climate and market structure in the energy sector of THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 22 January 2015 In-depth review of the investment climate and market structure in the energy sector of THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 22 January 2015 About the Energy Charter The Energy Charter Secretariat is the permanent office based in Brussels supporting the Energy Charter Conference in the implementation of the Energy Charter Treaty. The Energy Charter Treaty and the Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects were signed in December 1994 and entered into legal force in April 1998. To date, the Treaty has been signed or acceded to by fifty-two states, the European Community and Euratom (the total number of its members is therefore fifty-four). The fundamental aim of the Energy Charter Treaty is to strengthen the rule of law on energy issues, by creating a level playing field of rules to be observed by all participating governments, thereby mitigating risks associated with energy-related investment and trade. In a world of increasing interdependence between net exporters of energy and net importers, it is widely recognised that multilateral rules can provide a more balanced and efficient framework for international cooperation than is offered by bilateral agreements alone or by non-legislative instruments. The Energy Charter Treaty therefore plays an important role as part of an international effort to build a legal foundation for energy security, based on the principles of open, competitive markets and sustainable development. The Treaty was developed on the basis of the 1991 Energy Charter.
    [Show full text]
  • MSA Newsletter 7 | 19 May 2020 1
    A newsletter for Member Schools of Marist Schools Australia published fortnightly during term time From Frank Malloy Dear Colleagues, Kindness, it’s contagious! Early in the first month of the current pandemic appearing in this country, Prime Minister Morrison urged Australians to be kind to one another. The statement seemed remarkable from a Prime Minister, and entirely appropriate. As we navigate the impacts of COVID-19, take pride in our collective efficacy in minimising infections through adherence to the various prescribed measures, and make the necessary careful adjustments to new ways of working and living whilst the virus remains active, the need to be kind to one another is growing rather than diminishing. In difficult times great leaders come to the fore, at all levels of society. This has certainly been the case in our Marist schools, among staff, parents and students. The demands upon parents and students these past months have been extraordinary and rightly teachers and Principals across the country are being hailed as unassuming, national heroes. The speed and agility with which our school communities have responded to the crisis and the many changes it has necessitated is remarkable. Most impressive has been the strategic, purposeful evaluation by teachers of the various off-site learning arrangements and the manner in which new insights are influencing learning and teaching as students return to school. Reports of greater engagement particularly by boys in the coeducational settings have been common, whilst students of a quieter disposition have also featured prominently in positive feedback. Most overwhelming from our schools across the country, is the demonstrable sheer delight of our young people to be together again, learning at school.
    [Show full text]
  • SOLAR UNDER STORM for POLICYMAKERS Select Best Practices for Resilient Photovoltaic Systems for Small Island Developing States
    M OUN KY T C A I O N R I N E STIT U T SOLAR UNDER STORM FOR POLICYMAKERS Select Best Practices for Resilient Photovoltaic Systems for Small Island Developing States BY CHRISTOPHER BURGESS, JUSTIN LOCKE, LAURIE STONE AUTHORS & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Christopher Burgess, Justin Locke, Laurie Stone The authors thank the following individuals/ organizations for offering their insights and * Authors listed in alphabetical order perspectives on this work: Joseph Goodman, Rocky Mountain Institute ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTORS (previously) Sanya Detweiler, Clinton Climate Initiative, Clinton Chris Needham, FCX Solar Foundation Frank Oudheusden, FCX Solar Shifaana Thowfeequ, UN-OHRLLS CONTACTS Christopher Burgess, [email protected] Sanya Detweiler, [email protected] Shifaana Thowfeequ, [email protected] SUGGESTED CITATION Laurie Stone, Christopher Burgess, and Justin Locke, Solar Under Storm for Policymakers: Select Best Practices for Resilient PV Systems for Small Island Developing States, 2020, www.rmi.org/insight/solar- under-storm-for-policymakers. All images from iStock unless otherwise noted. ABOUT US M OUN KY T C A I O N R I N E STIT U T ABOUT ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI)—an independent nonprofit founded in 1982—transforms global energy use to create a clean, prosperous, and secure low-carbon future. It engages businesses, communities, institutions, and entrepreneurs to accelerate the adoption of market-based solutions that cost-effectively shift from fossil fuels to efficiency and renewables. RMI has offices in Basalt and Boulder, Colorado; New York City; the San Francisco Bay Area; Washington, D.C.; and Beijing. ABOUT THE CLINTON FOUNDATION Building on a lifetime of public service, President Clinton established the Clinton Foundation on the simple belief that everyone deserves a chance to succeed, everyone has a responsibility to act, and we all do better when we work together.
    [Show full text]
  • 5964Cded35508.Pdf
    Identification and implementation of adaptation response to Climate Change impact for Conservation and Sustainable use of agro-biodiversity in arid and semi- arid ecosystems of South Caucasus Ecosystem Assessment Report Erevan, 2012 Executive Summary Armenia is a mountainous country, which is distinguished with vulnerable ecosystems, dry climate, with active external and desertification processes and frequency of natural disasters. Country’s total area is 29.743 sq/km. 76.5% of total area is situated on the altitudes of 1000-2500m above sea level. There are seven types of landscapes in Armenia, with diversity of their plant symbiosis and species. All Caucasus main flora formations (except humid subtropical vegetation) and 50% of the Caucasus high quality flower plant species, including species endowed with many nutrient, fodder, herbal, paint and other characteristics are represented here. “Identification and implementation of adaptation response to Climate Change impact for Conservation and Sustainable use of agro biodiversity in arid and semi-arid ecosystems of South Caucasus” project is aimed to identify the most vulnerable ecosystems in RA, in light of climate change, assess their current conditions, vulnerability level of surrounding communities and the extend of impact on ecosystems by community members related to it. During the project, an initial assessment has been conducted in arid and semi arid ecosystems of Armenia to reveal the most vulnerable areas to climate change, major threats have been identified, main environmental issues: major challenges and problems of arid and semi arid ecosystems and nearly located local communities have been analyzed and assessed. Ararat and Vets Door regions are recognized as the most vulnerable areas towards climate change, where vulnerable ecosystems are dominant.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Harold & Covid 19
    WASH Cluster Lessons Learn 2020 TROPICAL CYCLONE HAROLD & COVID 19 LESSONS LEARNT July 2020. 1 WASH Cluster Lessons Learn 2020 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 Objectives................................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 3 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Annex 1. List of participants .................................................................................................... 15 Annex 2: Questions for WASH SOP development ................................................................... 16 2 WASH Cluster Lessons Learn 2020 Introduction Vanuatu declared a COVID 19 pandemic and declared a state of emergency for its response in March 2020. WASH responded with hygiene and sanitation promotion measures across all provinces. When COVID 19 promotional measures were progressing well, a category 5 Tropical Cyclone Harold swept through the north central part of Vanuatu causing widespread damage to infrastructures and livelihood on 6-7 April 2020. The most affected islands were Santo (West, South, South East Santo, Malo, Aore, and the offshore islands, Central Pentecost 1, Central
    [Show full text]
  • Crisis Management Military
    Crisis Management Lessons from the military Lecture by Tom Middendorp, Former Chief of Defense, The Netherlands Maintaining trust in uncertain times Recently Avida International organised a webinar featuring Tom Middendorp, former Chief of Defense of the Netherlands. His views on crisis management contain valuable lessons for managers looking for solid advice: Our worlds are similar A crisis is characterised by a high degree of unpredictability and produces an oen disruptive effect, caused by external factors that are difficult to influence. It affects every part of your organisation and each segment of your value chain. Your partners, suppliers and stakeholders are similarly impacted and set their own priorities, with their own consequences. The safety of your employees is at stake, as is the survival of your organisation. All this results in increasing emotions and a growing pressure on managers in particular. How should you deal with this? How can you reduce such stress and uncertainty? How can you keep your people motivated in such an environment? How can you join forces with stakeholders and partners for your mutual benefit? Which priorities should you set and what do you base these on? These are questions a military commander in a crisis situation also struggles with. For the past 10 years I have been involved in crisis management on a daily basis and in recent months I have shared my experiences with hundreds of companies and organisations. And what I hear is that many of those experiences can also be applied in business. The following are some lessons on how to be a leader in crisis circumstances and how to organise this in your company.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture As an Obstacle to Universal Human Rights? the Encounter of the Royal Netherlands Army with the Afghan Culture in Uruzgan
    Culture as an Obstacle to Universal Human Rights? The Encounter of the Royal Netherlands Army with the Afghan Culture in Uruzgan Name: Karen de Jong Student number: 4171985 Master thesis: International Relations in Historical Perspective Supervisor: dr. Frank Gerits 13.356 words Table of contents Abstract 3 Glossary of acronyms and terms 4 Introduction 5 Chapter 1: The Status of Human Rights and Culture in the Path to Uruzgan 10 1.1 Universalization of Human Rights 10 1.2 Culture as an Obstacle to Human Rights 11 1.3 The Road to Uruzgan: Policy of the Ministry of Defense 14 1.4 Conclusion 19 Chapter 2: The Royal Netherlands Army in Pashtun Dominated Uruzgan during the War on Terror 20 2.1 War in Afghanistan 20 2.2 Dutch Boots on the Uruzgan Ground 22 2.3 The Encounter with the Local Population and the Afghan National Security Forces on an Operational Level 25 2.4 Conclusion 29 Chapter 3: A System of Gender Reversal in Afghanistan: Perceptions of Dutch Soldiers on Gender in Afghanistan 31 3.1 Women are for Children and Boys are for Pleasure 31 3.2 Afghanistan as one of the Worst Countries to Live in as a Woman 40 3.2 Conclusion 45 Conclusion 47 Bibliography 50 Appendix: Plagiarism statement 2 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to investigate how Dutch soldiers of the Royal Netherlands Army dealt with the distinctive Afghan culture during the mission in Uruzgan from 2006 to 2010. This thesis indicates the conflicting cultural values Dutch soldiers encountered when engaging with the local population and the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF).
    [Show full text]