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Home , Beagle Rupes, Birt (crater), Discovery Rupes, Eminescu (crater), Hadley (crater), Peak ring (crater)

Index

Page numbers in italic denote Figures. Page numbers in bold denote Tables.

‘a’a lava 15, 82, 86 Belgica Rupes 272, 275 Ahsabkab Vallis 80, 81, 82, 83 Beta Regio, gravity anomaly Aino Planitia 11, 14, 78, 79, 83 332, 333 Akna Montes 12, 14 Bhumidevi Corona 78, 83–87 31, 111 Birt crater 378, 381 Alba Patera, flank terraces 185, 197 Blossom Rupes fold-and-thrust belt 4, 274 Albalonga Catena 435, 436–437 age dating 294–309 amors 423 crater counting 296, 297–300, 301, 302 ‘Ancient Thebit’ 377, 378, 388–389 lobate scarps 291, 292, 294–295 anemone 98, 99, 100, 101 strike-slip kinematics 275–277, 278, 284 Angkor Vallis 4,5,6 Bouguer gravity anomaly, 331–332, Annefrank 427, 428, 433 333, 335 anorthosite, lunar 19–20, 129 Bransfield Rift 339 Antarctic plate 111, 117 Bransfield Strait 173, 174, 175 Aphrodite Terra simple shear zone 174, 178 Bouguer gravity anomaly 332, 333, 335 Bransfield Trough 174, 175–176 shear zones 335–336 Breksta Linea 87, 88, 89, 90 26,30 Brumalia 434–437 apollos 423 Arabia, mantle plumes 337, 338, 339–340, 342 calderas 30 elastic reservoir models 260 arachnoids, Venus 13, 15 strike-slip tectonics 173 Aramaiti Corona 78, 79–83 Deception Island 176, 178–182 111, 118, 228 28,33 Corona 10, 11 Caloris basin 4,5,6,7,9,59 111, 118, 119, 205 rough ejecta 5, 59, 60,62 age determination 206 canali, Venus 82 annular graben 198, 199, 205–206, 207 Canary Islands flank terraces 185, 187, 189, 190, 197, 198, 205 lithospheric flexure 219, 229–230, 231, 232, 233 pit craters 205–206, 207 magmatism on slow plates 112–114, 115, self-similar clustering 209–210, 212 116, 119 plumbing system 110–111, 210–211, canyons, Mars 34 213–215 Islands, magmatism on slow-moving topography 207, 228 plates 108, 112–114, 115, 116, 119 asperity, Scathach Fluctus 97, 99, 101 peak-ring basin 294, 295–296, 297 age 303–305, 307 belt 1, 2, 423, 430, 433 crater-counting 296, 300 composition 142 size–frequency distribution 300–301 as impactors 163, 165 28 near-Earth 2, 423–424 Cerro de la Mica double restraining bend 277, 278 density and structure 424 chasmata 12, 330 lineaments 424, 425, 424–433 chondrites 423–424 S-type 423, 424, 427–428, 430 Circum-Hellas volcanic province 26,30 tectonism and magmatism 423–437 climate change atens 423 SPLD deformation 407, 411–419 Atla Regio, wrinkle ridges 358, 359, 360, 365, wrinkle ridges 357 369, 370, 371 companion shield fields 77–78, 83, 86, 90 cones Rupes system Mars 28, 31, 32 cross-cutting 315 22 strike-slip kinematics, lateral ramps 270, coronae 277, 279 Venus 13, 14, 15, 77–93 Becuma radiating graben 14 volcanic features 77–78, 82–83 basin 4,7 companion shield fields 77–78, 83, 86, 90 Duyfken Rupes thrust 283 lava flow fields 77, 82, 83, 86

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crater-counting fault dip 313–315, 317 Mars 206, 207, 211, 213, 292, 300–301 fault kinematics and geometry 313–315, 160, 164–169, 296, 297–300, 301, 302 322–324 crater-scaling law 163 estimation 317 craters, faulting 313–324 fault slip 314, 321 Mercury 315, 316, 317–324 measurement 316–317 Crozet Islands, magmatism 108, 112–114, 117, 119 fault strike 314, 317, 322 crustal thickness throw, Rupes Recta 382, 385–388, 390 Lakshmi Planum 332, 334 faulting Venus 332–335 craters 313–324 cryptomaria, Moon 21–22 Mercury 8, 315, 316, 317–324 Moon, Rupes Recta 377–391 dark material 59, 60, 63, 64,70 Venus 330–331 Deception Island volcanic caldera 173–182, 174, 175 see also strike-slip kinematics; thrust faults collapse 181–182 flank terraces faults and fractures 176 fish-scale pattern 185–186, 187, 197, 198, 205 lithology 176, 177 shield volcanoes 185–200 magma chamber 177, 180, 181–182 formation modelling 186, 188–191 pre-collapse palaeoreconstruction 179, 181 comparison with natural examples Riedel shear 178–180, 181–182 197–200 strike-slip shear zone 176, 178–182 flexural troughs, Mars 199, 205 274, 282 flower structures 270 Divalia Fossa 432, 433 Blossom Rupes 277 domes Enterprise Rupes 274, 275 Moon 18,22–23 folds and thrusts, Venus 14, 331 Venus 14, 15, 77, 80, 81, 82, 89 Fossey crater drift 329, 339, 342–346 impact craters and ejecta 372, 373–374 Duyfken Rupes thrust 283 wrinkle ridge detection 365, 366 dykes fractal analysis, wrinkle ridge analysis 361 elastic reservoir models 259–260 graben formation, Mars 395–402 Gala´pagos Islands magma transport 203–204, 209–210, 214 lithospheric flexure 219, 226, 228 self-similar clustering 206, 208–209, 213 Gaspra, lineaments 426, 427 Vesta 434 ghost craters, Mercury 5, 8, 9 graben Earth annular, Mars 28, 34, 198, 199, 205–206 lithospheric flexure 229–230, 232–233 Ascraeus Mons 198, 199, 205–206 lithospheric thickness 220, 221, 226 dyke-induced, analogue modelling 395–402 magma transport 204 Mercury 8, 9, 67, 72, 160 mantle plumes 107–108, 111–117, 337, 338 Moon 18,25 near-stationary plates 107–108, 111–117 67, 72 comparison with 118–121 Venus 12, 13, 14, 100, 101, 102 volcanic edifices, lithospheric flexure 219, 220, 226 coronae 79, 81, 85 volcanic rock composition 139–140 GRAIL datasets 130 East Africa, mantle plumes 337, 338, 339 ‘gravity worms’, Venus 331, 332, 333, 335, Eistla Regio 344–345 gravity anomaly 332, 333, 334 grooves, asteroids 424, 425 mantle plume 339, 342 Guinevere Planitia 11, 328 Bouguer gravity anomaly 332, 333, 335, 339 annular graben 198, 199 flank terraces 185, 187, 189, 197, 198 Hadriacus Montes 26, 27, 30 26,30 Hawaii Elysium volcanic province 26,29–30 hotspots 107–108, 113, 114, 115, 119–120 Crater, ejecta 305, 308 volcanoes and lithospheric flexure 219, en echelon folds 13, 270, 283–284, 285 220, 228 Enterprise Rupes 185, 187, 197, 198 crater counts 167, 169 Hero Rupes, lateral ramp 283, 284 faulted craters 316, 319 hotspot magmatic activity and basin 160, 161, 162, 169–170 Hawaii 107–108, 113, 114, 115, 119–120 strike-slip kinematics 272–275 swell anomalies 112–113 Eros, lineaments 425, 426, 427, 428–430 hydraulic fracture 242–243

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Iceland mantle plume 337, 339, 341 reservoir failure 241–242 Ida, lineaments 425, 426, 428 summit eruptions and edifice growth 258 igneous effusive rocks, VNIR spectroscopy surface deformation 250, 251, 253 142–154 Tharsis volcanic province 110–111 impact structures Venusian coronae 91–93 Mercury 4,5,7,9,36 magma transport 110–111, 203–204, 210–211, Moon 17 213–215 Venus, identification 373–375 and lithospheric flexure 224 inner 1, 2 inhibition 226–227 Ishtar Terra 11, 328, 329 magnesian suite rocks, lunar 20 Bouguer gravity anomaly 332, 333, 335 Mahuela Tholus, wrinkle ridge detection Itokawa 426, 427, 430 363, 364 mantle diapir, coronae 77, 92 Kanykey Planitia 83 mantle flow Kerguelen Island, slow-moving plates 112–114, 116 Earth 337, 339, 342–343 Kofi basin 5, 6 Venus 10, 12, 342, 343, 344, 345–346 KREEP basalts 20, 21, 131, 141 mantle plumes Procellarum KREEP Terrane 132, 133–134 coronae 77, 92 Kunapipi Mons 82 Earth 107–108, 111–117, 337, 338, 340, 341 Mars 107, 109–110 La Dauphine Rupes, strike-slip kinematics and and rifting 339–340, 342 lateral ramps 280 Venus 10, 12, 13, 15, 332, 333, 337, 342 Lakshmi Planum 11, 328, 342, 344 mare, Moon 17, 127–136 crustal thickness 332, 334 Mare Fecunditatis 17, 18 fault and shear zones 328, 329, 335–336 Mare Imbrium 17, 18,21 Late Heavy Bombardment 5, 159, 319 377, 378, 379, 380, 381 lateral ramps, Mercury 269–287 Mare Serenitatis, wrinkle ridges 25 lava flows Marius Hills domes 22 Mars 28, 30, 31 Marquesas Islands, lithospheric flexure 219, 230, Mercury 5 231, 232, 233 Moon 21 Mars 2,27–34 Venus 15–16 age dating 292 coronae 77, 82, 83, 86, 89 canyons 34 Lebanon transpressional ranges 275, 276 crater counting 292 lithosphere crustal dichotomy 33–34, 109, 110, 118, 141 flexure faulting 34 containment of volcanic material 223 graben 34 edifice shape 224–226, 228 dyke-induced 395–402 large volcanic edifices 219–233, 220 lava flows 28, 30, 31 magma ascent 224 lithospheric thickness 220, 221, 225–226 inhibition 226–227 one-plate/stagnant-lid regime 33, 107, 117 stress state 222, 223–224 pit craters 205–206 thickness 220–221 self-similar clustering 209–210, 212 lobate flows, Venus 98,99 pyroclastic cones 31 lobate scarps rootless cones 32 Mercury 6, 7, 8, 9, 280–282, 286, 287, 291 shield volcanoes 27, 28, 31, 107 see also Blossom Rupes fold-and-thrust belt annular graben 198, 199 Moon 27 flank terraces 185–200 Lutetia, lineaments 430–431 flexural trough 199, 205 model 210–211, 213–215 Madeira, slow-moving plates 113–114, Tharsis volcanic province 108–111, 116, 203 116, 119 SPLD deformational systems 405–419 magma reservoirs 203–204 tectonic structures 33–34 elastic models 239–262 tephra 31–32 applicability and limitations 260–261 upwelling and downwelling 110 caldera formation 260 volcanic edifice shape 225–226, 228 circumferential intrusions 258–259 and lithospheric flexure 219, 220 dyke swarm formation 259–260 volcanic rock composition 140, 141 edifice loading model 252–253 volcanic structures 26, 27, 28, 29, 30–32 failure location 247–250, 252 volcaniclastic deposits 32 hydraulic fracture 242–243 volcanism 29–33

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Mars (Continued) Mid-Continent Rift 339, 340 calderas 28,33 Model Production Function chronology flank deformation 28,33 Mercury 163–164 geochemistry 32–33 Blossom fold-and-thrust system 300–307 tectonic structures 33–34 Rembrandt basin 164–169 volcanic provinces 26,29–30 Moon 2, 16–25, 17,27 volcano morphology 30–31, 33 crustal thickness wrinkle ridges 28,34 and eruption age 135–136 Mathilde asteroid 427, 428 and mare distribution 131–133 Maxwell Montes 343–344 model 128, 129, 130–131 32 cryptomaria 21–22 Mercury 2, 3–9 domes 18,22–23 bright cratered plains 59, 61–62, 65, 70, 72, 73, 74 floor-fractured craters 17,27 bright intercrater plains 60, 61, 65, 66, 70, 72–73 geochemistry 19–21 composition 5 graben 18,25 crater-counting 160, 164–169, 296, 297–300, 301 impact craters 17,27 cratered plains 5, 7, 8 lava flows 21 dark material 59, 60, 63, 64,70 lava fountains 23 deformation 7–9, 159–160 lithospheric flexure 231 ejecta material 60, 61, 62–63, 65 lithospheric thickness 221 faulted craters 315, 316, 317–324 lobate scarps 27 ghost craters 5, 8, 9, 291–292 mare basalts 20, 127–136 global contraction 7, 8–9, 285, 287, 292 age 23–24, 128, 131 global cooling model 285, 286, 292 and crustal thickness 135–136 graben 8, 9, 160 composition 141–142 impact basins 4,5,7,9 distribution and crustal thickness 131–133 intercrater plains 5, 60, 61, 65, 66,70 FeO/TiO2 content 128, 129–130, 134, 141 lateral ramps 269–287 geochemistry 20–21 lava flows 5 nearside–farside density 127, 129, 131–132 lobate scarps 6, 7, 8, 9, 280–282, 286, 287, 291 radioactivity 132, 133–135 see also Blossom Rupes fold-and-thrust system pristine highland rocks, geochemistry 19–20 mantle convection 285, 286, 287 pyroclastic deposits 17, 18,23 mapping 57–74 red-spots 22–23, 24 global 58–61, 62, 64 Rupes Recta normal fault 377–391 Raditladi basin 61–63, 65–74 shield volcanoes 22 10 data 3, 7, 57, 58 sinuous 21, 378–379 MESSENGER Mission data 3, 5, 7, 9 tectonism 24–27 mapping 57, 58, 59, 60, 160, 293, 294 one-plate stagnant lid 24 Model Production Function 163–164, 300–307 tidal effects 25 northern volcanic plains 3, 5, 6,8 volcanic landforms 17, 18,21–24 Odin-type plains 59, 60, 61, 66 age 23–24 planetary radius change 8–9 volcanic rock composition 140, 141–142 pyroclastic features 4,5,6 volcanism 16, 19 smooth plains 3, 4,5,7,8,160 wrinkle ridges 17, 18, 25, 27 mapping 59, 60, 61, 62, 65,72 Moscoviense basin 129, 130, 135 see also Rembrandt basin strike-slip kinematics 269–287 Crater, dark material 64,70 surface units 34–35 Narina Tholi 80, 81,82–83 tectonism 7–9 Near Earth Asteroids see asteroids, near-Earth crustal extension 8, 9, 160 Near Earth Objects, as impactors 163 crustal shortening 7–9 Neptune’s Bellows 173, 175, 179 tidal despinning 285, 286, 287, 292 Production Function, Mercury 166, 300–307 valles 5, 6 northern volcanic plains, Mercury 3, 5, 6,8 volcanic resurfacing 70, 73, 166–167, 169 novae, Venus 13, 14, 15, 330 volcanic rock composition 140, 142 Nubian plate 111, 112, 117 volcanism 3, 4,5,7 wrinkle ridges 3, 6, 7–8, 9, 159, 291, 296 Oceanus Procellarum 17, 18,24 Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition mare basalts 131, 132 Spectrometer (MASCS) 60,67–70 Odin-type plains 59, 60,61 meteorites 423 Ohogetsu Corona 79, 80,83 HED 142, 424, 433 Oilule Fluctus 80, 81, 82, 83

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Olympus Mons 26, 27, 31, 32, 108, 109, 120 deformation landforms 160 flank terraces 185, 186, 187, 197, 199 and Enterprise Rupes 160, 161, 169–170 flexural trough 199 geological units 160–163 lithospheric flexure 219, 220 Hummocky Material 161, 165, 166 topography 228 Interior Plains 161, 162, 166, 167 Orientale basin 17,22 Model Production Function chronology 164–169 Ovda Regio, shear zone 335, 336, 343 Proximal Ejecta 161–162, 163, 165, 166, 305, 308 pahoehoe lava 15, 206, 210 smooth plains 160, 162 9 restraining bends 269, 270, 271, 273, 275, 277, Paramour Rupes, strike-slip kinematics and 283, 284 lateral ramps 277, 279, 280 Re´union 111, 118 lithospheric flexure 219, 232–233 annular graben 198, 199 mantle flow 342 flank terraces 185, 190, 198 ridges topography 228 asteroids 424, 425 volcanic features 204 Riedel shear zones , lineaments 424, 425, 426, 427 Deception Island 178–180, 181–182 Phoebe Regio, Bouguer gravity anomaly 332, 333 Venus 335, 336 Crater, dark material 64, 69, 70 rifting pit craters 204 and mantle plumes 339–340, 342 Ascraeus Mons 205–206 Venus 12, 330, 339, 342, 343–346 self-similar clustering 209–210, 212 Rima Birt 378–379, 390 asteroids 424, 425 Rima 21 Vesta 434–435 Rupes Recta normal fault 377–391, 378 planetary radius change, Mercury 8–9 age determination 381 Poludnista Dorsa, wrinkle ridges 365, 366, 368, 371 formation 381–382 pop-up structures 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275 driving stress 383–384, 389–390 Port Foster Bay 173, 175 forward mechanical modelling 382–383, Procellarum KREEP Terrane 131, 132, 133–134 388–389 Promethei Lingula, SPLD deformation 405–419 geological setting 377–380 pull-apart basins 269, 270, 271, 272 throw distribution 382, 385–388, 390 277, 279, 287 Rusalka Planitia, wrinkle ridges 358, 359, pyroclastic cones, Mars 31 362–363, 365 pyroclastic flows crater 297, 298, 301 Moon 17, 18, 23 Venus 16, 97–104 Saturnalia Fossa 432–433 crater 297, 298, 301 crater Scathach Fluctus pyroclastic flow 97–104, 98, 100 dark material 64,70 Scotia Plate 174, 175 ejecta 305, 308 Sedna Planitia 14, 328 Raditladi basin 34–35 Bouguer gravity anomaly 332, 333, 335, 339 annular plains 63, 66,72 rifting 342, 343 dark annular plains 63, 66,72 SELENE datasets 130–131, 132, 135 digital terrain model 67, 68, 69, 71,72 shear zones ejecta 62–63, 65, 66, 305, 308 Venus 328, 329, 335–336, 345 geological cross-section 70–72, 71 shield volcanoes graben 67, 72 Earth 111–117 hummocky deposits 63, 66,70 Mars 27, 28, 31, 107 inner plains 63, 65, 66, 67, 70, 72 flank terraces 185–200 low reflectance material 70 plumbing systems 203 mapping 58, 61–63, 65–74 model 210–211, 213–215 Odin-type plains 61 Moon 17,22 peak rings 63, 73 Tharsis volcanic province 108–111 recent knobbly deposits 66, 67, 72, 73 Venus 13 smooth plains 61, 65 see also companion shield fields terrace material 63 sinuous rilles, Moon 17, 18, 21, 378–379 Rembrandt basin 4, 7, 9, 69, 308 Polar Layered Deposits, deformation age 169 Promethei Lingula 405–419 crater counting 160, 164–169 South Pole– basin, density 129, 130, crater SFD 164–169 134–135

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South Shetland Islands 174, 175 crustal thickness 332–335 space weathering 140 deformation 10, 12 Steins asteroid 427, 428, 430 faults 330–331 step-overs 269, 270, 287 folds and thrusts 14, 331 strike-slip kinematics graben 12, 13, 14, 79, 85 caldera formation 173 gravity anomalies 10 Deception Island 176, 178–182 identification 373–375 displacement 271–272 lithospheric flexure 231 lateral ramps, Mercury 269–287 lithospheric thickness 220–221, 224–225, Venus 13, 330–331 327–328, 332 Surija Crater, wrinkle ridges 365, 366, 368, 371 lobate flows 98,99 Sveinsdottir Crater 315 mantle convection 327, 345–346 Syrtis Major volcanic province 26,30 mantle flow 10, 12 mantle plumes 10, 12, 13, 15, 332, 333 tephra, Mars 31–32 mountain belts 12 tessera terrain 12, 14, 79, 91, 92–93 rifting 11, 12, 330, 335, 342, 343–346 26, 27, 33, 219, 396 shear zones 328, 329, 330, 335–336, 345 magma chamber 205 strike-slip kinematics 13, 330–331 Tharsis Rise 205 tectonism 9–13, 327, 328, 329, 330, 345–346 flexural trough 199 upwelling and downwelling 10, 12, 15, 330 Tharsis Tholus 32, 33 volcanic edifice shape 224–225, 228 Tharsis volcanic province 26, 29, 108, 203, volcanic rises 13 205, 396 volcanism 13–16, 329 bulge 109, 117–118 corona-related 77–78, 86, 89–90, 91–92 comparison with Earth hotspots 118–121 lava landforms 15–16 convection processes 118 pyroclastic flows 16, 97–104 dyke-induced graben, analogue modelling resurfacing 16 395–402 wrinkle ridges 12–13, 82, 85–86, 87, 89, mantle plume 109–110 357–375 residual mantle 117 Vesta 142, 424, 431–437 shield volcanoes 108–111, 116, 203 Vestalia Terra 432, 434–437 heat flux 111, 118–119, 120 VNIR (visible and near-infrared) spectroscopy Thetis Regio, shear zone 335, 336 terrestrial igneous effusive rocks 142–154 tholi, Venus 78, 82–83, 86, 89–90, 91, 93 volcanism thrust faults, lateral ramps 269 corona-related 13, 15, 77–78, 86, 89–90 Crater, dark material 64,69 Mars 29–33 transpression 287, 329 Mercury 3, 4,5,7 troughs, asteroids 424, 425 rock composition and texture 139–140 26, 27, 30, 219 Venus 13–16, 97–104 see also vents 34 volcanoes, large edifices, lithospheric flexure vents 204 219–233 Ascraeus Mons 206, 208–209 Venus 2, 9–16, 11, 14 weathering, space 140 Bouguer gravity anomaly 331–332, 333, 335 wrinkle ridges coronae Mars 28,34 analysis 90–92 Mercury 3, 6, 7–8, 9, 159, 291, 296 Aramaiti 79–83 Moon 17, 18, 25, 27 Bhumidevi 83–87 Venus 12–13, 82, 85–86, 87, 89, 357–375 evolutionary model 92–93 mapping 77–93 Zemire Corona 78, 87, 88, 89, 90 Zemire 87–90 Zephyria Tholus 28,30

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