DOCSLIB.ORG

I Dipped Natural Rubber Latex Thin Films

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Dipped Natural Rubber Latex Thin Films: Hypoallergenic Accelerator Formulations for Crosslinking, and Composites with Waste-Derived Fillers DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jessica Lauren Slutzky Graduate Program in Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee: Advisor: Dr. Katrina Cornish Dr. John Lannutti Dr. Frederick Michel Jr. Dr. Alfred Soboyejo i Copyrighted by Jessica Lauren Slutzky 2019 ii Abstract Bio-based polymeric materials are of great commercial interest to attain environmental sustainability. Natural rubber (cis-1,4 polyisoprene) (NR) is a commodity that is extensively used in industrial, consumer, and medical industries. Over 5,000 plants produce natural rubber, but over 90% of the world’s supply of natural rubber is extracted from one plant species: the Brazilian rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. Hevea natural rubber (NR) has a high molecular weight, and can be produced in yields sufficient to meet market demands. NR contains a high amount of allergic proteins that can cause severe allergic reactions. One alternative sources of NR can be derived from the shrub Parthenium argentatum, commonly known as guayule. Guayule natural rubber (GNR) has a high molecular weight and does not contain proteins associated with allergic reactions, rendering it circumallergenic. However, previous work has shown that GNR and NR have differences in various properties, preventing GNR from being a direct substitute for NR in many applications and giving it advantages in others. Therefore, the proposed work focuses on creating bio-based elastomeric materials by optimizing vulcanization chemistries, as well as creating composites using fillers derived from waste streams. Vulcanization chemistries of circumallergenic GNR and hypoallergenic NR (made by removal of soluble proteins which reduce allergic potential) for thin film applications was optimized using the chemical accelerators diisopropyl xanthogen polysulphide (DIXP) and zinc diisononyl dithiocarbamate (ZDNC). DIXP and ZDNC do not induce Type IV allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis, a unique benefit in ii comparison to other rubber chemical accelerators. The thin films were manufactured from natural rubber latex using traditional coagulation dipping methods onto stainless steel formers. The effects of chemical accelerator concentration on mechanical, rheological, morphological, and thermal properties of circumallergenic GNR and hypoallergenic NR thin films were investigated. Many of the GNR and NR thin films possessed mechanical properties superior to ASTM standards for surgical gloves and condoms. Multivariate models of mechanical properties as a function of film thickness and chemical accelerator concentration were generated to quantify differences between GNR and NR thin films. Data analytic methods such as canonical correlation analysis further quantified differences in mechanical properties between GNR and NR thin films, with GNR having greater elongation at break than NR, but NR having a higher Young’s Modulus and strength at break than GNR vulcanized films. Thicker films for both NR and GNR showed an increase in Young’s Modulus and strength at break. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of GNR and NR thin films showed that smooth thin films without void spaces or defects were created. The glass transition temperatures and thermal degradation curves of GNR and NR thin films were determined to quantify differences in vulcanization, with GNR having a lower glass transition temperature than NR vulcanized thin films. By comparing vulcanization chemistries of GNR and NR thin films, differences in thin film properties attributed to species origin can be quantified. Commercial thin film products made from NR often contain fillers from non- renewable resources to improve mechanical properties and thermal stability. Fillers from agricultural and industrial waste streams were compounded into thin films, using traditional coagulation dipping methods. Fillers included guayule bark bagasse, carbon iii fly ash, and calcium carbonate derived from eggshells, utilized at various particle sizes and loadings. The chemical accelerators used in these composites include zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC), diphenyl guanidine (DPG), and dipentamethylene thiuram polysulfide (DPTT), which are traditional chemical accelerators associated with increased contact dermatitis risk, but create vulcanized thin films with superior stability compared to DIXP and ZDNC accelerators. The vulcanization chemistries in these films were not optimized in order to determine the sole effect of fillers on GNR and NR thin film properties. In addition, NR latex with and without soluble protein was utilized to determine how protein content impacts film properties. Due to the increased allergic potential of these films in comparison to those manufactured in the first method, these films have applications as industrial coatings and should not be implemented in medical or consumer applications. Reinforcement of NR and GNR compounds were achieved using fillers that were nano sized, especially at loadings below 2 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of carbon fly ash. Adding fillers to GNR typically caused increased elongation at break, whereas NR had a decreased elongation at break. The differences in bulk mechanical properties of NR and GNR compounds with fillers can be attributed to variances in the polymer-filler interaction; non-rubber components such as proteins and phospholipids vary between GNR and NR and can affect surface activity of a filler. Variances in bulk mechanical properties of GNR due to different fillers are attributed to properties of the filler, including particle structure, size, bulk density, alkalinity, and surface activity. Particles of larger sizes, such as 300 microns, can provide texture to NR and GNR thin films, which could be utilized for the commercialization of industrial non-slip surfaces. These iv results can assist in successful commercialization of GNR, and create more sustainable NR and GNR composites. v Dedicated to my family. vi Acknowledgements I would like to thank my committee members Drs. Katrina Cornish, John Lannutti, Frederick Michel, and Alfred Soboyejo. Their guidance and support made this dissertation possible. I would like to express my utmost gratitude for Dr. Katrina Cornish and the department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering at Ohio State. Thank you to my high school math teacher, Ferd Schneider, for encouraging me to pursue engineering. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Louis Chicoine of Nationwide Children’s Hospital for my first research job. I would also like to thank John Shepherd, who funded my undergraduate scholarship. Above all, I want to thank my family. I would like to thank Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) and the Institute for Materials Research (IMR) for the funding of this project. I would also like to thank the University of Akron Research Foundation for their mentorship in entrepreneurship. vii Vita June 2006……………………………………Graduated from Walnut Hills High School Cincinnati, Ohio June 2011……………………………………B.S., Food, Agricultural & Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University June 2011……………………………………B.S., Psychology, The Ohio State University September 2011-August 2014………………Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Graduate Research Associate, Doctoral Student, The Ohio State University August 2014-May 2015…………………….OARDC, Graduate Research Associate, Charles Thorne Memorial Associateship, Doctoral Candidate, The Ohio State University May 2015- March 2018……………………..Research Scientist, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio July 2018- present…………………………..Research Scientist, Checkerspot, Berkeley, California viii Publications Cornish, K., Bates, G.M., Slutzky J.L., Meleshcuk A., Xie W., Sellers K., Mathias R., Boyd M., Castaneda R., Wright M., Borel L., 2019. Extractable protein levels in latex products, and their associated risks, emphasizing American dentistry. Biology and Medicine. 11:2 (7 pages). DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000456. Slutzky J.L., Baral N., Shah A., Ezeji T., Cornish K., Christy A., 2016. Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation of Corn Stover: Current Production Methods, Economic Viability, and Commercial Use, FEMS Microbiology Letters. 363:6. Chen B., Xue J., Meng X., Slutzky J.L., Calvert A.E., Chicoine L.G., 2014. Resveratrol prevents hypoxia- induced arginase II expression and proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via Akt-dependent signaling, American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 307:L317-L325. Fields of Study Major Field: Food, Agricultural & Biological Engineering ix Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………........ii Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………....….vii Vita……………………………………………………………………………………...viii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………..…….xiii List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………xv Chapter 1: Introduction…………………………………………………………...……….1 Chapter 2: Statement of Problem………………………………………………………….3 Chapter 3: Literature Review…………………………………………………………...…6 3.1 Introduction to Polymers…………………………………………………..6 3.2 Introduction to Elastomers……………………………………………....15 3.3 Specific Elastomer Structure and Properties……………………………31 3.4 Elastomer Compounding………………………………………….……..61 3.5 Manufacturing Methods for Latex……………………………………….79
Recommended publications
  • Vulcanization & Accelerators

    Vulcanization & Accelerators

    Vulcanization & Accelerators Vulcanization is a cross linking process in which individual molecules of rubber (polymer) are converted into a three dimensional network of interconnected (polymer) chains through chemical cross links(of sulfur). The vulcanization process was discovered in 1839 and the individuals responsible for this discovery were Charles Goodyear in USA and Thomas Hancock in England. Both discovered the use of Sulfur and White Lead as a vulcanization system for Natural Rubber. This discovery was a major technological breakthrough for the advancement of the world economy. Vulcanization of rubbers by sulfur alone is an extremely slow and inefficient process. The chemical reaction between sulfur and the Rubber Hydrocarbon occurs mainly at the C = C (double bonds) and each crosslink requires 40 to 55 sulphur atoms (in the absence of accelerator). The process takes around 6 hours at 140°C for completion, which is uneconomical by any production standards. The vulcanizates thus produced are extremely prone to oxidative degradation and do not possess adequate mechanical properties for practical rubber applications. These limitations were overcome through inventions of accelerators which subsequently became a part of rubber compounding formulations as well as subjects of further R&D. Following is the summary of events which led to the progress of ‘Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization'. Event Year Progress - Discovery of Sulfur Vulcanization: Charles Goodyear. 1839 Vulcanizing Agent - Use of ammonia & aliphatic ammonium derivatives: Rowley. 1881 Acceleration need - Use of aniline as accelerator in USA & Germany: Oenslager. 1906 Accelerated Cure - Use of Piperidine accelerator- Germany. 1911 New Molecules - Use of aldehyde-amine & HMT as accelerators in USA & UK 1914-15 Amine Accelerators - Use of Zn-Alkyl Xanthates accelerators in Russia.
  • Information to Users

    Information to Users

    INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho­ tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quédlty of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap­ pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec­ tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hemd comer and continu­ ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or in black and white paper format. * 4. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or micro­ fiche but lack clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, all photographs are available in black and white stcmdard 35mm slide format.* *For more information about black and white slides or enlarged paper reproductions, please contact the Dissertations Customer Services Department. IVBcrofilnis lateniai^oiial 8612390 Lee, Jong-Kwon STRESS CORROSION CRACKING AND PITTING OF SENSITIZED TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL IN CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SULFUR SPECIES AT TEMPERATURES FROM 50 TO 200 DEGREES C The Ohio State University Ph.D.
  • Sesquiterpenoids and Phenolics from Crepis Conyzifolia

    Sesquiterpenoids and Phenolics from Crepis Conyzifolia

    Sesquiterpenoids and Phenolics from Crepis conyzifolia Wanda Kisiel* and Klaudia Michalska Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl-31-343 Krakow, Poland. Fax: +48 126374500. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 56c, 961-964 (2001); received July 30/August 28, 2001 Crepis conyzifolia, Sesquiterpenoids, Phenolics From the roots of Crepis conyzifolia, two new and two known guaianolides were isolated together with three known phenylpropanoids. Structures of the new compounds were estab­ lished as 8ß-hydroxy-4ß, 15-dihydrozaluzanin C and 4ß, 15, llß, 13-tetrahydrozaluzanin C-3- O-ß-glucopyranoside by spectral methods. The identity of 8 -epiisolippidiol and dentalactone was also discussed. Introduction previously isolated from Crepis and Lactuca spe­ cies in our laboratory (Kisiel, 1983; Kisiel and Screening tests for potential anticancer agents Barszcz, 1995; Kisiel and Barszcz, 1997; Kisiel et from natural sources showed that crude alcoholic al., 2000). The identity of cichoriin (7) was estab­ extracts from plants belonging to the tribe Lactu- lished by comparison of its spectral data with those ceae of the Asteraceae exhibited chemoprotective in the literature (Kuwajima et al., 1992). The com­ effects on chemical carcinogenesis and differentia­ pound is reported for the first time from Crepis tion-inducing activities on human leukemia and species. Since no complete XH NMR data are mause melanoma cell lines. Some bioactive triter- available for 4 (Kisiel, 1983), we have included all pene and sesquiterpene lactone constituents of the our assignments in Table I, along with unreported plant extracts were isolated and identified (Taka- 13C NMR data in CDC13 and pyridine-d5.
  • Stimulation of Deep Somatic Tissue with Capsaicin Produces Long-Lasting Mechanical Allodynia and Heat Hypoalgesia That Depends on Early Activation of the Camp Pathway

    Stimulation of Deep Somatic Tissue with Capsaicin Produces Long-Lasting Mechanical Allodynia and Heat Hypoalgesia That Depends on Early Activation of the Camp Pathway

    The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 2002, 22(13):5687–5693 Stimulation of Deep Somatic Tissue with Capsaicin Produces Long-Lasting Mechanical Allodynia and Heat Hypoalgesia that Depends on Early Activation of the cAMP Pathway K. A. Sluka Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Pain Research Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Pain and hyperalgesia from deep somatic tissue (i.e., muscle tissue was reversed by spinal blockade of adenylate cyclase or and joint) are processed differently from that from skin. This protein kinase A (PKA). Interestingly, mechanical allodynia was study examined differences between deep and cutaneous tis- reversed if adenylate cyclase or PKA inhibitors were adminis- sue allodynia and the role of cAMP in associated behavioral tered spinally 24 hr, but not 1 week, after injection of capsaicin. changes. Capsaicin was injected into the plantar aspect of the Spinally administered 8-bromo-cAMP resulted in a similar pat- skin, plantar muscles of the paw, or ankle joint, and responses tern, with heat hypoalgesia and mechanical allodynia occurring to mechanical and heat stimuli were assessed until allodynia simultaneously. Thus, injection of capsaicin into deep tissues resolved. Capsaicin injected into skin resulted in a secondary results in a longer-lasting mechanical allodynia and heat hy- mechanical allodynia and heat hypoalgesia lasting ϳ3hr.In poalgesia compared with injection of capsaicin into skin. The contrast, capsaicin injection into muscle or joint resulted in a mechanical allodynia depends on early activation of the cAMP long-lasting bilateral (1–4 weeks) mechanical allodynia with a pathway during the first 24 hr but is independent of the cAMP simultaneous unilateral heat hypoalgesia.
  • On the Autoxidation of Aqueous Sodium Polysulfide [1]

    On the Autoxidation of Aqueous Sodium Polysulfide [1]

    On the Autoxidation of Aqueous Sodium Polysulfide [1] Ralf Steudel*, Gabriele Holdt, and Regine Nagorka Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, D-1000 Berlin 12, F.R.G. Z. Naturforsch. 41b, 1519—1522 (1986); received July 14, 1986 Sodium Polysulfide, Autoxidation, Sodium Thiosulfate, Elemental Sulfur, HPLC Aqueous sodium polysulfide of composition in the range Na;S2 (l to Na:S4 6 undergoes autoxida­ tion by either air or pure oxygen at temperatures of between 23 and 40 °C according to the equation Na2S2+x + | O, -► Na:S,0, + § S8 Z o Iodometric determination, vibrational spectra and ion-pair chromatography showed that nei­ ther sulfate, sulfite nor polythionates are formed and that the sulfur precipitated consists of S8 (^ 9 9 % ). Introduction air, but no systematic study of this reaction has been Aqueous sodium sulfide is strongly alkaline because reported. Only the autoxidation of aqueous mono­ of hydrolysis due to the extremely low value of the sulfide (containing H 2S, HS- , S2_ in pH dependent dissociation constant of the HS- ion; equilibrium) has been investigated by several au­ thors. Bowers et al. [22] using H2S and 0 2 at constant S2- + H2O ^H S ~ + OH- pK = 17 (20°C) [3] (1) partial pressures of between 100 and 500 Torr (no At pH values between 7 and 12.5, HS- is the dom­ further details were reported) found (a) that for inating sulfide species. These solutions dissolve ele­ [H S] < 2 - 10 3 mol/1 the autoxidation was very slow mental sulfur with formation of polysulfide anions; and the product was elemental sulfur, (b) for 2 -10 -3 according to Teder [4] the maximum sulfur content < [HS"] < 3-10 2 mol/1 yellow polysulfides built up obtained corresponds to the formula Na 2S4 5 at 25 °C to a steady state concentration prior to precipitation and Na 2S5 o at 80 °C, respectively: of sulfur, and (c) for [HS- ] > 3-10 " 2 mol/1 oxygen S„ + HS“ + 0 H “ ^ S „ +12_ + H20 (2) uptake was very fast and a clear solution of uniden­ tified sulfur-oxygen anions resulted.
  • Sesquiterpene Glycosides from the Roots of Codonopsis Pilosula

    Sesquiterpene Glycosides from the Roots of Codonopsis Pilosula

    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016;6(1):46–54 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B www.elsevier.com/locate/apsb www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sesquiterpene glycosides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula Yueping Jianga,b, Yufeng Liua, Qinglan Guoa, Chengbo Xua, Chenggen Zhua, Jiangong Shia,n aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China bDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China Received 6 August 2015; received in revised form 10 September 2015; accepted 14 September 2015 KEYWORDS Abstract Three new sesquiterpene glycosides, named codonopsesquilosides AÀC(1À3), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Their structures including absolute Codonopsis pilosula; fi Campanulaceae; con gurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. These glycosides are categorized Sesquiterpene glycoside; as C15 carotenoid (1), gymnomitrane (2), and eudesmane (3) types of sesquiterpenoids, respectively. Codonopsesquilosides Compound 1 is the first diglycoside of C15 carotenoids to be reported. Compound 2 represents the second AÀC; reported example of gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids from higher plants. The absolute configurations C15 carotenoid; were supported by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectra with the calculated Gymnomitrane; electronic CD (ECD) spectra of 1À3, their aglycones, and model compounds based on quantum- Eudesmane mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. The influences of the glycosyls on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic sesquiterpenoids, as well as some nomenclature and descriptive problems with gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenoids are discussed.
  • Exploring Plant Sesquiterpene Diversity by Generating Chemical Networks

    Exploring Plant Sesquiterpene Diversity by Generating Chemical Networks

    processes Article Exploring Plant Sesquiterpene Diversity by Generating Chemical Networks Waldeyr M. C. da Silva 1,2,3,∗ , Jakob L. Andersen 4 , Maristela T. Holanda 5 , Maria Emília M. T. Walter 3 , Marcelo M. Brigido 2 , Peter F. Stadler 5,6,7,8,9 and Christoph Flamm 7 1 Federal Institute of Goiás, Rua 64, esq. c/ Rua 11, s/n, Expansão Parque Lago, Formosa, GO 73813-816, Brazil 2 Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 4 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil; [email protected] (M.T.H.); [email protected] (P.F.S.) 6 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden-Leipzig, and Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany 7 Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria; [email protected] 8 Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstraße 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 9 Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-61-99671-6025 Received: 28 February 2019; Accepted: 11 April 2019; Published: 25 April 2019 Abstract: Plants produce a diverse portfolio of sesquiterpenes that are important in their response to herbivores and the interaction with other plants.
  • Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases from the Basidiomycota Coniophora Puteana for the Efficient and Highly Selective Β-Co

    Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases from the Basidiomycota Coniophora Puteana for the Efficient and Highly Selective Β-Co

    Mischko et al. Microb Cell Fact (2018) 17:164 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-018-1010-z Microbial Cell Factories RESEARCH Open Access Identifcation of sesquiterpene synthases from the Basidiomycota Coniophora puteana for the efcient and highly selective β‑copaene and cubebol production in E. coli Wolfgang Mischko , Max Hirte , Monika Fuchs , Norbert Mehlmer and Thomas B. Brück* Abstract Background: Terpenes are an important and extremely versatile class of secondary metabolites that are commer- cially used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics sectors. Genome mining of diferent fungal collections has revealed the genetic basis for a steadily increasing number of putative terpene synthases without any detailed knowl- edge about their biochemical properties. The analysis and research of this rich genetic source provides a precious basis for the advancing biotechnological production of an almost endless number of valuable natural metabolites. Results: Three annotated terpene synthases from the little investigated Basidiomycota Coniophora puteana were studied in this work. For biochemical characterization, the heterologous expression in E. coli was conducted leading to the identifcation of two sesquiterpene synthases capable of the highly selective generation of β-copaene and cubebol. These compounds are commercially used as food and favor additives. The new enzymes show the high- est reported product selectivity for their main compounds and therefore represent the frst exclusive synthases for β-copaene (62% product selectivity) and cubebol (75% product selectivity) generation. In combination with an opti- mized heterologous microbial production system, we obtained product titers of 215 mg/L β-copaene and 497 mg/L cubebol. Conclusion: The reported product selectivity and our generated terpene titers exceed all published biotechnological data regarding the production of β-copaene and cubebol.
  • United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,700,070 B2 Peet Et Al

    United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,700,070 B2 Peet Et Al

    US0097.0007OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,700,070 B2 Peet et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 11, 2017 (54) LOW BITTER CHICORY PRODUCTS 5,939,127 A 8, 1999 Abboud 7,214,507 B2 5/2007 Bouwmeester et al. (71) Applicant: REE PRAIRIE RANDs. INC., 2004/0224.0732004/0001898 A1 11/20041/2004 JanssensMalnoe et al. ilmington, DE (US) 2004/0241304 A1 12/2004 Bossard et al. (72) Inventors: Richard C. Peet, Wilmington, DE FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (US); Brad Justice, Wilmington, DE (US) FR 2834862 A1 * 7, 2003 ............. A21D 2,366 WO WO-02/13625 A2 2, 2002 (73) Assignee: BLUE PRAIRIE BRANDS, INC., W. w853.3 A. 1858. Wilmington, DE (US) WO WO-2016.057382 A1 4, 2016 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Peters etal “A pilot Study on the effects of cultivation conditions of (21) Appl. No.: 14/875,093 chicory roots on the levels of Sesquiterpene lactones'. Food Research International vol. 29, Nos. 5-6, pp. 439-444, 1996.* (22) Filed: Oct. 5, 2015 Ravishankar et al "Chiciritum IntybusL-cultivation, Processing, utility, value addition and biotechnology, with an emphasis on (65) Prior Publication Data current status and future prospects”. Published in Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 81:467-484-2001.* US 2016/0095337 A1 Apr. 7, 2016 Nutrition facts and Analysis for chicory Roots, Self Nutrition data, O O Jun. 9, 2016, 4 pages.* Related U.S. Application Data PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion on applica (60) Provisional application No.
  • Final Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor BUI

    Final Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor BUI

    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GREAT LAKES NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE 77 WEST JACKSON BOULEVARD CHICAGO, IL 60604-3590 Stephen Galarneau, Director Office of Great Waters – Great Lakes & Mississippi River Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources PO Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707-7921 Dear Mr. Galarneau: Thank you for your April 13, 2020 request to remove the Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Beneficial Use Impairment (BUI) from the Lower Green Bay and Fox River Area of Concern (AOC) located in Green Bay, WI. As you know, we share your desire to restore all the Great Lakes AOCs and to formally delist them. Based upon a review of your submittal and supporting information, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approves your request to remove this BUI from the Lower Green Bay and Fox River AOC. EPA will notify the International Joint Commission (IJC) of this significant positive environmental change at this AOC. We congratulate you and your staff as well as the many federal, state and local partners who have been instrumental in achieving this environmental improvement. Removal of this BUI will benefit not only the people who live and work in the AOC, but all residents of Wisconsin and the Great Lakes basin as well. We look forward to the continuation of this important and productive relationship with your agency as we work together to delist this AOC in the years to come. If you have any further questions, please contact me at (312) 353-8320 or your staff can contact Leah Medley at (312) 886-1307. Sincerely, Digitally signed by CHRISTOPHER CHRISTOPHER KORLESKI Date: 2020.04.28 14:23:20 KORLESKI -05'00' Chris Korleski, Director Great Lakes National Program Office cc: Briana Kupsky, WDNR Kendra Axness, WDNR Raj Bejankiwar, IJC State of Wisconsin DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Tony Evers, Governor 101 S.
  • Elucidation of the Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthetic Pathway in Feverfew (Tanacetum Parthenium)

    Elucidation of the Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthetic Pathway in Feverfew (Tanacetum Parthenium)

    Elucidation of the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthetic pathway in feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) Qing Liu Thesis committee Promotor Prof. dr. ir. H.J. Bouwmeester Professor of Plant Physiology Wageningen University Co-promotor Dr. S.V.D. Krol Associate professor, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Wageningen University Other members Prof. dr. A. Ferrer, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Spain Dr. M.C.R. Franssen, Wageningen University Prof. dr. M.E. Schranz, Wageningen University Dhr. dr. ir. R.C. Schuurink, University of Amsterdam This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Elucidation of the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthetic pathway in feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) Qing Liu Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 2nd December 2013 at 1:30 p.m. in the Aula. Qing Liu Elucidation of the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthetic pathway in feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) 134 pages PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands (2013) With summaries in English and Dutch ISBN 978-94-6173-756-4 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Biosynthesis and localization of parthenolide in glan- dular trichomes of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L. Schulz Bip.) 19 Chapter 3 Reconstitution of the costunolide biosynthetic
  • Exploring Plant Sesquiterpene Diversity by Generating Chemical Networks

    Exploring Plant Sesquiterpene Diversity by Generating Chemical Networks

    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 1 March 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0015.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Processes 2019, 7, 240; doi:10.3390/pr7040240 Article Exploring plant sesquiterpene diversity by generating chemical networks Waldeyr M. C. da Silva 1,5,3∗ , Jakob L. Andersen 4 , Maristela Holanda 2 , Maria Emília M. T. Walter 3 , Marcelo M. Brigido 5 , Peter F. Stadler 2,6−9 , and Christoph Flamm 7 1 Federal Institute of Goiás, Rua 64, esq. c/ Rua 11, s/n, Expansão Parque Lago. CEP: 73813-816. Formosa, GO, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil; [email protected],[email protected] 3 Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science; Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics; University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 4 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900. Brasília-DF, Brazil; [email protected]; 6 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden-Leipzig; and Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany 7 Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria; [email protected] 8 Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstraße 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 9 Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501 * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-61-99671-6025 Abstract: Plants produce a diverse portfolio of sesquiterpenes that are important in their response to herbivores and the interaction with other plants.