On the Autoxidation of Aqueous Sodium Polysulfide [1]
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Vulcanization & Accelerators
Vulcanization & Accelerators Vulcanization is a cross linking process in which individual molecules of rubber (polymer) are converted into a three dimensional network of interconnected (polymer) chains through chemical cross links(of sulfur). The vulcanization process was discovered in 1839 and the individuals responsible for this discovery were Charles Goodyear in USA and Thomas Hancock in England. Both discovered the use of Sulfur and White Lead as a vulcanization system for Natural Rubber. This discovery was a major technological breakthrough for the advancement of the world economy. Vulcanization of rubbers by sulfur alone is an extremely slow and inefficient process. The chemical reaction between sulfur and the Rubber Hydrocarbon occurs mainly at the C = C (double bonds) and each crosslink requires 40 to 55 sulphur atoms (in the absence of accelerator). The process takes around 6 hours at 140°C for completion, which is uneconomical by any production standards. The vulcanizates thus produced are extremely prone to oxidative degradation and do not possess adequate mechanical properties for practical rubber applications. These limitations were overcome through inventions of accelerators which subsequently became a part of rubber compounding formulations as well as subjects of further R&D. Following is the summary of events which led to the progress of ‘Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization'. Event Year Progress - Discovery of Sulfur Vulcanization: Charles Goodyear. 1839 Vulcanizing Agent - Use of ammonia & aliphatic ammonium derivatives: Rowley. 1881 Acceleration need - Use of aniline as accelerator in USA & Germany: Oenslager. 1906 Accelerated Cure - Use of Piperidine accelerator- Germany. 1911 New Molecules - Use of aldehyde-amine & HMT as accelerators in USA & UK 1914-15 Amine Accelerators - Use of Zn-Alkyl Xanthates accelerators in Russia. -
Chemical Hygiene Plan Manual
CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY MANUAL FOR LABORATORIES This is the Chemical Hygiene Plan specific to the following areas: Laboratory name or room number(s): ___________________________________ Building: __________________________________________________________ Supervisor: _______________________________________________________ Department: _______________________________________________________ Telephone numbers 911 for Emergency and urgent consultation 48221 Police business line 46919 Fire Dept business line 46371 Radiological and Environmental Management Revisied on: Enter a revision date here. All laboratory chemical use areas must maintain a work-area specific Chemical Hygiene Plan which conforms to the requirements of the OSHA Laboraotry Standard 29 CFR 19190.1450. Purdue University laboratories may use this document as a starting point for creating their work area specific CHP. Minimally this cover page is to be edited for work area specificity (non-West Lafayette laboratories are to place their own emergency, fire, and police telephone numbers in the space above) AND appendix K must be completed. This instruction and information box should remain. This model CHP is version 2010A; updates are to be found at www.purdue.edu/rem This page intentionally blank. PURDUE CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN AWARENESS CERTIFICATION For CHP of: ______________________________ Professor, building, rooms The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that laboratory employees be made aware of the Chemical Hygiene Plan at their place of employment (29 CFR 1910.1450). The Purdue University Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazardous Materials Safety Manual serves as the written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) for laboratories using chemicals at Purdue University. The CHP is a regular, continuing effort, not a standby or short term activity. Departments, divisions, sections, or other work units engaged in laboratory work whose hazards are not sufficiently covered in this written manual must customize it by adding their own sections as appropriate (e.g. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quédlty of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hemd comer and continu ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or in black and white paper format. * 4. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or micro fiche but lack clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, all photographs are available in black and white stcmdard 35mm slide format.* *For more information about black and white slides or enlarged paper reproductions, please contact the Dissertations Customer Services Department. IVBcrofilnis lateniai^oiial 8612390 Lee, Jong-Kwon STRESS CORROSION CRACKING AND PITTING OF SENSITIZED TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL IN CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SULFUR SPECIES AT TEMPERATURES FROM 50 TO 200 DEGREES C The Ohio State University Ph.D. -
Safety Data Sheet Flammable Storage Code Red
SDS No.: DD0032 SAFETY DATA SHEET FLAMMABLE STORAGE CODE RED Section 1 Identifi cation Page E1 of E2 CHEMTREC 24 Hour Emergency ® Phone Number (800) 424-9300 Innovating Science by Aldon Corporation 221 Rochester Street For laboratory and industrial use only. Avon, NY 14414-9409 Not for drug, food or household use. “cutting edge science for the classroom” (585) 226-6177 Product 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE Synonyms Ethylene Dichloride ; Ethylene Chloride ; EDC ; Dichloroethane Section 2 Hazards identifi cation Signal word: DANGER Precautionary statement: Pictograms: GHS02 / GHS07 / GHS08 P201: Obtain special instructions before use. Target organs: Liver, Kidneys P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open fl ames/hot surfaces. No smoking. P233: Keep container tightly closed. P240: Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241: Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting equipment. P242: Use only non-sparking tools. GHS Classifi cation: P243: Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Flammable liquid (Category 2) P261: Avoid breathing mist/vapours/spray. Acute toxicity, oral (Category 4) P264: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Skin irritation (Category 2) P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Eye irritation (Category 2A) P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. STOT-SE (Category 3) P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Carcinogenicity (Category 1B) P301+P330+P312: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor if you feel unwell. GHS Label information: Hazard statement: P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water and soap. H225: Highly fl ammable liquid and vapour. -
Pds Sodium Polysulfide 35 Percent
Nouryon Functional Chemicals GmbH Product Data Sheet Sodium Polysulfide 35% - Na2S4 Formula: Na2S4 Chemical Name: Disodium Tetrasulfide (hydrate) Concentration: 35 % Molecular weight: 174.24 g/mol CAS-No.: 1344-08-7 EC-No.: 215-689-9 Properties: Relative Density (20 °C): 1.33 g/ml pH-value 10 to 11 Specification: Appearance: Orange to light brown solution Na2Sx Content: Min. 34 % Na2S2O3 (Sodium Thiosulfate): Max. 4.0 % Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate): Max. 0.4 % Iron (Fe): Max. 10 ppm Analytical methods are available on request. Major Applications: Process aid for leather and tanning applications, auxiliary in cellulose production, coloration of textiles, flocculent for waste water treatment, reduction of NOx in off-gases. Storage: Store in a dry and dark location, avoid exposure to direct sun light. Max. storage temperature 40°C. When stored under these recommended storage conditions, Sodium Polysulfide (>35wt%) will remain within the Nouryon specifications for a period of at least six months after delivery. Packaging and Transport: Sodium Sulfide is delivered in: IBCs 1200-1300 kg net Hazard Identification No.: 80 UN-No.: 1760 (CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (Sodium Polysulphides) Safety advice: SODIUM POLYSULFIDE (>35wt%) is classified as a dangerous product. It is corrosive to metals and contact with the skin and eyes can cause burns. It is toxic if swallowed and is very toxic to aquatic life. Contact with acids must be avoided. In contact with acids, the toxic gas Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) can be released. For more information regarding handling, transport and first aid please refer to our Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). All information concerning this product and/or suggestions for handling and use contained herein are offered in good faith and are believed to be reliable. -
Chemical Hygiene Plan 2016
Chemical Hygiene Plan 2016 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE ...................................................... 8 1.1 Assignment of Responsibility ........................................................................... 8 1.1.1 Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S) ................................................ 8 1.1.2 Laboratory Staff ........................................................................................ 9 1.1.3 Principal Investigator ............................................................................... 9 1.1.4 Research Departments ............................................................................ 10 1.1.5 Northern Arizona University ................................................................. 10 1.2 Availability ....................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Annual Review ................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Employee Information and Training ............................................................. 10 1.4.1 Information .............................................................................................. 10 1.4.2 Training .................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Record Keeping ............................................................................................... 12 2.0 HAZARD DEFINITIONS AND ASSESSMENT .......................... 12 2.1 Hazardous Chemical Definitions -
220390ITL PART a Naftoseal MC-780 B-2 Base
220390ITL PART A Naftoseal MC-780 B-2 Base KLX Aerospace Solutions Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 2 Chemwatch: 5271-49 Issue Date: 08/09/2017 Version No: 2.1.1.1 Print Date: 13/09/2017 Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements L.GHS.USA.EN SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION Product Identifier Product name 220390ITL PART A Naftoseal MC-780 B-2 Base Synonyms Not Available Proper shipping name Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s. (contains trichloropropane/ sodium polysulfide copolymer) Other means of Not Available identification Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Use according to manufacturer's directions. Relevant identified uses Sealant Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party Registered company name KLX Aerospace Solutions Address 2617 N Great Southwest Pkwy TX 75050 United States Telephone 817-633-8377 Fax Not Available Website www.KLX.com Email Not Available Emergency phone number Association / Organisation Not Available Emergency telephone Not Available numbers Other emergency telephone Not Available numbers SECTION 2 HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION Classification of the substance or mixture NFPA 704 diamond Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of this SDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond. Blue = Health Red = Fire Yellow = Reactivity White = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances) Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Eye Irritation Category 2A, Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation), Acute Classification Aquatic Hazard Category 2, Chronic Aquatic Hazard Category 2 Label elements Hazard pictogram(s) SIGNAL WORD WARNING Hazard statement(s) H315 Causes skin irritation. -
64420 Sodium Polysulfide
Safety Data Sheet According to regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) 64420 Sodium Polysulfide Page 1 Revised edition: 19.10.2018 Version: 12 Printed: 27.06.2019 1. Identification of the Substance/Mixture and of the Company/Undertaking 1. 1. Product Identifier Product Name: Sodium Polysulfide Article No.: 64420 1. 2. Relevant identified Uses of the Substance or Mixture and Uses advised against Identified uses: Addiive in the leather and cellulose production. Reducing agent used for textile coloring Flocculant in waste water disposal Removal of NOx in waste gases Binding of heavy metals in pipelines and disposal installations Basic substance for the manufacture of different chemicals (i.e. sulphur dyes) Inhibitor for facilities and pipelines to increase the chemical resistance Ore flotation Uses advised against: 1. 3. Details of the Supplier of the Safety Data Sheet (Producer/Importer) Company: Kremer Pigmente GmbH & Co. KG Address: Hauptstr. 41-47, 88317 Aichstetten, Germany Tel./Fax.: Tel +49 7565 914480, Fax +49 7565 1606 Internet: www.kremer-pigmente.de EMail: [email protected] Importer: -- 1. 4. Emergency No. Emergency No.: +49 7565 914480 (Mon-Fri 8:00 - 17:00) 1. 4. 2 Poison Center: 2. Hazards Identification 2. 1. Classification of the Substance or Mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP/GHS) Corrosive to metals, hazard category 1 Acute toxicity (oral), hazard category 3 Skin corrosion, hazard category 1B Serious eye damage, hazard category 1 Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute category 1 H290 May be corrosive to metals. Cat.: 1 H301 Toxic if swallowed. Cat.: 3 H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. -
Toxicological Profile for Cyanide
CYANIDE 141 5. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/EXPORT, USE, AND DISPOSAL 5.1 PRODUCTION The demand for hydrogen cyanide in the United States during 2000 was 1.615 billion pounds, up slightly from 1.605 billion pounds in 1999 (CMR 2001). Production of hydrogen cyanide in 2003 was 2.019 billion pounds in the United States (FAS 2005). The demand for hydrogen cyanide was projected to be 1.838 billion pounds in 2004 (CMR 2001; NYSDOH 2005). Major producers of hydrogen cyanide are Adisseo USA, Inc. (Institute, West Virginia); Cyanco Co. (Winnemucca, Nevada); Cytec Industries (Waggoman, Louisiana); Degussa Corp. (Theodora, Alabama); The Dow Chemical Company (Freeport, Texas); E.I. du Pont de Neumours and Company (Memphis, Tennessee; Beaumont, Texas); Innovene (Green Lake, Texas and Lima, Ohio); Invista, Inc. (Orange, Texas and Victoria, Texas); Rhom and Haas Texas Inc. (Deer Park, Texas); Solutia, Inc. (Alvin, Texas); Sterling Chemicals, Inc. (Texas City, Texas); and Syngenta Crop Protection (St. Garbiel, Louisiana) (SRI 2005). The combined annual production capacity of these plants is approximately 2.036 billion pounds (SRI 2005). As of February 2005, the following companies produced other cyanide compounds in the United States (SRI 2005): ammonium Crompton, Taft, Louisiana; and Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri thiocyanate: cyanogen: Matheson Gas Products, Inc., Gloucester, Massachusetts potassium cyanide: DuPont Chemical Company, Memphis, Tennessee; and The Dow Chemical Company, Nashua, New Hampshire potassium silver Engelhard Corporation, Union, New Jersey; and Metalor Technologies USA, North cyanide: Attleboro, Massachusetts Facilities in the United States producing sodium cyanide and their annual capacity (in millions of pounds) in 2005 include: Cyanco Co., Winnemucca, Nevada (86); and E.I. -
Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitroprusside React Directly to Give Nitroxyl (HNO)
SUPPORTING MATERIAL Beyond H 2S and NO interplay: hydrogen sulfide and nitroprusside react directly to give nitroxyl (HNO). A new pharmacological source of HNO Milos R. Filipovic, 1* Mirjam Eberhardt, 1,2 Vladimir Prokopovic, 1 Ana Mijuskovic, 3 Zorana Orescanin-Dusic, 3 Peter Reeh, 2 Ivana Ivanovic-Burmazovic 1* 1Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and 2Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univeristy of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; 3Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Keywords: nitroprusside, hydrogen sulfide, nitroxyl, CGRP, nitric oxide. *Correspondence should be addressed to: Milos R. Filipovic, PhD. or IvanaIvanovic-Burmazovic, PhD. Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Fax: 49-9131-85-27387; E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] erlangen.de 1 Table of Contents: Figure S1. Color changes of SNP solution (300 mM KPi, pH 7.4) upon addition of H 2S, cysteine and gluathione. Figure S2. Ultra-high resolution cryo-spray (4 °C) ESI-TOF-mass spectrometry in negative mode of SNP (A) and reaction mixture (B). Figure S3 . GC-MS detection of N 2O generation from SNP and H 2S reaction mixture (1:5). Figure S4. Representative traces of H 2S electrode responses upon addition of 50 µM Na 2S into buffered solution containing increasing concentrations of SNP (0-10 mM). 3- Figure S5 . The spectrum of the [Fe(H 2O)(CN) 5] before (black) and after the addition of the excess of potassium thiocyanate. Figure S6. GC-MS analysis of the thiocyanate coupled to pentafluorobenzyl bromide in extractive alkylation proces. -
User's Manual for Wateq4f, with Revised Thermodynamic Data
USER'S MANUAL FOR WATEQ4F, WITH REVISED THERMODYNAMIC DATA BASE AND TEST CASES FOR CALCULATING SPECIATION OF MAJOR, TRACE, AND REDOX ELEMENTS IN NATURAL WATERS By James W. Ball and D. Kirk Nordstrom ______________________________________________________________________________ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 91-183 Menlo Park, California 1991 Revised and reprinted - April, 2001 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: Regional Hydrologist U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section 345 Middlefield Road Federal Center, Bldg. 810 Menlo Park, California 94025 Box 25425 Denver, Colorado 80225 ii CONTENTS Page Abstract .......................................................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................... 2 Background ................................................................. 2 Purpose and scope............................................................ 2 Acknowledgments ............................................................ 3 Solute speciation calculations ......................................................... 3 Saturation indices................................................................... 4 Limits............................................................................ 4 Thermodynamic data................................................................ -
Final Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor BUI
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GREAT LAKES NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE 77 WEST JACKSON BOULEVARD CHICAGO, IL 60604-3590 Stephen Galarneau, Director Office of Great Waters – Great Lakes & Mississippi River Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources PO Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707-7921 Dear Mr. Galarneau: Thank you for your April 13, 2020 request to remove the Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Beneficial Use Impairment (BUI) from the Lower Green Bay and Fox River Area of Concern (AOC) located in Green Bay, WI. As you know, we share your desire to restore all the Great Lakes AOCs and to formally delist them. Based upon a review of your submittal and supporting information, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approves your request to remove this BUI from the Lower Green Bay and Fox River AOC. EPA will notify the International Joint Commission (IJC) of this significant positive environmental change at this AOC. We congratulate you and your staff as well as the many federal, state and local partners who have been instrumental in achieving this environmental improvement. Removal of this BUI will benefit not only the people who live and work in the AOC, but all residents of Wisconsin and the Great Lakes basin as well. We look forward to the continuation of this important and productive relationship with your agency as we work together to delist this AOC in the years to come. If you have any further questions, please contact me at (312) 353-8320 or your staff can contact Leah Medley at (312) 886-1307. Sincerely, Digitally signed by CHRISTOPHER CHRISTOPHER KORLESKI Date: 2020.04.28 14:23:20 KORLESKI -05'00' Chris Korleski, Director Great Lakes National Program Office cc: Briana Kupsky, WDNR Kendra Axness, WDNR Raj Bejankiwar, IJC State of Wisconsin DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Tony Evers, Governor 101 S.