DOCSLIB.ORG

Reclaiming a Du Boisian Perspective on Racial Attitudes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reclaiming a Du Boisian Perspective on Racial Attitudes ANNALS, AAPSS, 568, March 2000 Reclaiming a Du Boisian Perspective on Racial Attitudes By LAWRENCED. BOBO ABSTRACT:This article asserts that Du Boisian sociology included a strong role for racial prejudice in analyzing the conditions and dy- namics of African American social life. The article examines Du Bois's empirical social scientific legacy with a special focus on The Philadelphia Negro and how he treated racial prejudice in this semi- nal work. It then examines the turn away from a concern with racial prejudice in modern sociological analysis and identifies the necessity of returning to the theoretical holism exemplified by Du Bois if socio- logical theory on race and racism are to advance. Lawrence D. Bobo is professor of sociology and Afro-American studies at Harvard University.He is co-authorof RacialAttitudes in America:Trends and Interpretations (1998) and Racialized Politics:The Debate on Racism in America (2000). He has beena fellow at the Center forAdvanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford Univer- sity and a visiting scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation in New York. 186 RECLAIMINGA DU BOISIANPERSPECTIVE 187 The AmericanNegro, therefore,is sur- Robert E. Park, Lewis Wirth, and rounded and conditioned by the con- W. I. Thomas as one of the fountain- cept which he has of white people and heads of American sociology. Had not he is treated in accordance with the racism so thoroughly excluded him concept they have of him. from in the center of the -W.E.B. Du Bois ([1940] 1995) placement academy, he might arguably have come to rank with Max Weber or W.E.B. Du Bois is most widely Emile Durkheim in stature.1 Today, known as an essayist, biographer, so- urban anthropologists, historical cial commentator, and activist. His economists, political scientists, life's project involved an interroga- social psychologists, and sociologists tion of the problem of race and the all attempt to claim a piece of the Du pursuit of freedom for African Ameri- Boisian legacy (Bay 1998). cans (indeed the pursuit of freedom My purpose here is to add to the for all those on the wrong trapped stream of side of the color line in a colonial, im- growing scholarship reclaiming and building upon the and capitalistic world or- perialistic, contributions of W.E.B. Du Bois the der). In what is surely his most oft empirical social scientist. At core, I quoted passage, Du Bois declared, argue that Du Bois's sociological of the status of African The problem of the twentieth century is analysis Americans reflected a foundational the problem of the color line-the rela- tion of the darker to the lighter races of concern with prejudice and racial men in Asia and Africa, in America and attitudes. It is essential to reconsider the islands of the sea. (Du Bois [1903] and resuscitate this aspect of Du 1997, 45) Boisian sociology. Modern sociolo- gists have abandoned, more often Deep and timeless social insights of implicitly but sometimes quite ex- this kind, including his discussion of plicitly so, a perspective on racial ine- double-consciousness, life behind the quality that embraces a role for veil, and his broad visionary human- racial identities, attitudes, and ism constitute the universally recog- beliefs. The result has been energy nized aspects of Du Bois's legacy. misspent in well-worn race versus Yet, for much ofDu Bois's long and class polemics and a failure to under- productive life he was an empirical stand the social underpinnings of a social scientist. He pioneered in the changing but durable racial divide. conduct of comprehensive commu- My argument begins with a con- nity social surveys, in the documen- sideration ofDu Bois the social scien- tation of black community life, and in tist. This discussion draws heavily the theoretically grounded analysis on his magisterial work, The Phila- of black-white relations. Were it not delphia Negro: A Social Study for the deeply entrenched racism in (1899). From this I extract several the United States during his early ideas about the epistemology of Du professional years, Du Bois would be Bois and his specific theoretical for- recognized alongside the likes of mulation regarding the dynamics of Albion Small, Edward A. Ross, race. Next, I review the turn in 188 THEANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY sociology away from aspects of the complete understanding of the rele- type of approach that Du Bois epito- vant social facts and dynamics. mized. Finally, I provide modern To be sure, Du Bois's career examples of the role of racial atti- shifted decisively in the direction of tudes and beliefs in the status ofAfri- activism and political commentary can Americans. after 1910. His belief in the power of facts and knowledge to persuade dimmed. Yet his for scientific RACIALATTITUDES IN regard DU BOISIANANALYSIS investigation, measurement, and evidence continued long after the era in which he The Philadel- Du Bois as scientist completed phia Negro. Thus, in 1944 in his Du Bois was a committed empiri- essay for RayfordLogan's edited vol- cal social scientist. He was openly ume What the Negro Wants, Du Bois critical of sweeping generaliza- summarized his own life work as tions and the sort of grand theorizing having three stages, with scientific common in the emerging field of research a critical ingredient of the sociology: first and third stages. The third stage, which stretched from 1928 The biological analogy, the vast generali- to 1944, Du Bois dedicated to "scien- zations, were striking, but actual scien- tific investigation and organized tific accomplishment lagged. For me an action among Negroes, in close opportunity seemed to present itself. I co-operation,to secure the survival of could not lull my mind to hypnosis by re- the Negro race, until the cultural garding a phrase like "consciousnessof development of America and the kind"as scientific law.... I determinedto world is to science into a willing recognize Negro put sociologythrough study freedom" of the condition and of own (Du Bois 1944a, 70). Hence, problems my some 40 after The group. I was going to study the facts, any years Philadelphia and all facts concerning the American Negro, Du Bois reasserted the need Negro and his plight, and by measure- for scientific evidence in his projectof ment and comparisonand research, work pursuing black freedom. He struck a up to any valid generalization which I similar note in a 1948 essay for Phy- could. (Du Bois [1940] 1995, 51) lon assessing change in race rela- tions in the United States (Du Bois His inductive approach and zeal for 1948). gathering facts had been sparked In The Philadelphia Negro, Du during his years at Harvard by Bois set out to provide a comprehen- Albert Bushnell Hart and were sub- sive analysis of Philadelphia's Sev- sequently nurtured by the German enth Ward, then the largest concen- political economist Gustav Schmol- tration of blacks in the city. He ler during Du Bois's studies at the developed six interview and enu- University of Berlin (Rudwick 1974; meration protocols. He rejected the Bulmer 1991; McDaniel 1998). He reigning ideas in social science which shared Schmoller's belief that sensi- would have faulted basic black capa- ble social reform would flow from bilities for the impoverished condi- RECLAIMINGA DU BOISIANPERSPECTIVE 189 tion of most blacks. Instead, he choice, wish, whim, and prejudice... crafted a historically grounded por- Now it is sufficient to say in general that trait of blacks whose circumstances, the sorts of work open to Negroes are not restricted their own lack of train- by and large, had clear social or envi- only by ronmental roots. this is ing but also by discrimination against Although them on account of their that their a race; necessarily compacted treatment, economic rise is not hindered his framework stressed only by analytical their present poverty, but also by a wide- the of six factors: a his- interplay (1) spread inclination to shut against them tory of enslavement, servitude, and many doors of advancement open to the oppression; (2) demographic trends talented and efficient of other races. (Du and compositional factors (for exam- Bois [1899] 1996, 98) ple, disproportion of women to men); (3) economic positioning and compe- Du Bois documented the extent to tition with free whites both native which blacks were locked into the born and European immigrants; (4) most menial and low-wage positions. racial prejudice and discrimination; He concluded that "the cause of this (5) the resources, internal structure, peculiar restriction in employment of dynamics, and leadership of the Negroes is twofold: first, the lack of black community itself; and (6) moral training and experience among Ne- agency and black self-determination. groes; second, the prejudice of the Of all these, the burden of slavery whites" (Du Bois [1899] 1996, 111). and the weak position of blacks in the Du Bois saw racial prejudice as economic structure were surely the acute among working-class whites primary factors in Du Bois's model. and as operating in lockstep with the Du Bois was thus careful to not make economic interests and ambitions of prejudice the central or most impor- working-class whites. Prejudice was tant variable in his analysis. Yet the an element of his account of why force of prejudice was ubiquitous and white workers strove to displace of unavoidable consequence in his black workers: analysis of the dynamics of race rela- tions in Philadelphia. Partially by taking advantage of race prejudice, partially by greater economic Du Bois on the role of prejudice efficiency and partially by the endeavor to maintain and raise wages, white work- Du Bois saw racial as a prejudice men have not only monopolizedthe new constituent factor in the structural industrial opportunities of an age which placement of blacks in the labor and has transformed Philadelphia from a co- housing markets.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Souls of Black Folk (1903)
    03/05/2017 Double Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Double Consciousness First published Mon Mar 21, 2016 Double­consciousness is a concept in social philosophy referring, originally, to a source of inward “twoness” putatively experienced by African­Americans because of their racialized oppression and disvaluation in a white­dominated society. The concept is often associated with William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, who introduced the term into social and political thought, famously, in his groundbreaking The Souls of Black Folk (1903). Its source has been traced back from there, by recent writers, to the development of clinical psychology in the nineteenth­century North Atlantic, and to trends in idealist philosophies of self—to the transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson and G.W.F. Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. It is thus indirectly related to other nineteenth­ and twentieth­century riffs on Hegelian themes, such as false consciousness and bad faith. In our day it continues to be used and discussed by numerous commentators— philosophical and otherwise—on racialized cultures, societies, and literatures, by cultural and literary theorists, and by students and investigators of Africana Philosophy. Recent philosophical debates center on the significance of the concept for Du Bois’s thought overall, its theoretical coherence, and its relevance for current social conditions. 1. The Trajectory of the Concept 2. Double­Consciousness in The Souls of Black Folk 2.1 Americanist Romantic Longing 2.2 Color­Line Hegelianianism 2.3 A Deflationist Reading 2.4 An Analytic Decomposition 2.5 Rousseauian Self­Estrangement 2.6 Uses and Extensions of the Concept 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Extending the Legacy of Morris Janowitz: Pragmatism, International
    Extending the Legacy of Morris Janowitz: Pragmatism, International Relations and Peacekeeping Patricia Shields Texas State University ps07@txstate.edu Joseph Soeters Netherlands Defence Academy Tilburg University jmlm.soeters@nlda.nl Presented at the European Group on Military and Society (ERGOMAS) Biannual Conference, June 4-7, 2013, Madrid 1 Introduction The use of force in international relations has been so altered that it seems appropriate to speak of constabulary forces, rather than of military forces. The constabulary concept provides a continuity with past military experiences and traditions ….. The constabulary outlook is grounded in, and extends, pragmatic doctrine Janowitz, 1971 p. 418 “Peacekeeping is intended to assist in the creation and maintenance of conditions conducive to long-term conflict resolution” (Bellamy et al, p.95). The resolution of these conflicts, however, is often facilitated by mediation efforts within and between nations and may not adhere to any particular traditional theory of international relations (IR). Peace support operations are carried out by dynamic international coalitions mostly under the aegis of the United Nations (UN), sometimes headed by other alliances such as NATO, the European Union or the African Union. Unfortunately, their record is mixed at best. They represent an important type of sub-national nexus event, which requires the development of new approaches to international relations theories. Throughout Europe, for example, nations are reshaping their militaries to take on new missions (Furst and Kummel 2011). Peace support and stability operations are chief among them. Conventional international relations theory, however, is weakly suited for making sense of and explaining these missions. Long-established approaches to international relations such as realism and liberal internationalism share assumptions about how the world operates.1 Unfortunately, in many international disputes strict adherence to fundamentalist thinking tends to reinforce 1 E.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Power Visible: Racialized Epistemologies, Knowledge (Re)Production and American Sociology
    Making Power Visible: Racialized Epistemologies, Knowledge (Re)Production and American Sociology Jennifer Lynn Padilla Wyse Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Sociology David L. Brunsma, Committee Chair Ellington T. Graves Lakshmi Jayaram Wornie Reed September 23, 2014 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: race, U.S. American Sociology, knowledge reproduction, power, epistemology Copyright Making Power Visible: Racialized Epistemologies, Knowledge (Re)Production and American Sociology Jennifer Lynn Padilla Wyse ABSTRACT This dissertation methodologically analyzes triangulated qualitative data from a critical race and feminist standpoint theoretical approach in order to explore American Sociology’s contemporary process of institutionalized knowledge reproduction, as well as how race structures that process. American Sociology is institutionalized knowledge that is structured into academic departments or an “institutional-structure” (Wallerstein 2007). Prestige structures the discipline, where the top-20 departments enact social closure through hiring practices and as such represent an element of elite power within the institutional-structure (Burris 2004; Lenski 1966). To be sure, institutional-structures are sites of collective memory, knowledge reproduction, professionalization and cognitive socialization processes. Therefore this dissertation data includes PhD-level required theory course syllabi, interviews with faculty that study race, Ph.D. candidates that study sociology, and defended dissertations from the year 2011, from the top-20 U.S. sociology departments that read as cultural representations of how race structures the reproduction of American Sociology’s institutionalized knowledge. This study has implications for the teaching, learning, and practice of American Sociology, as well as future scholarly research on the reproduction of knowledge and the sociology of sociology.
    [Show full text]
  • "Double Consciousness" in the Souls of Black Folk Ernest Allen Jr
    Contributions in Black Studies A Journal of African and Afro-American Studies Volume 9 Special Double Issue: African American Article 5 Double Consciousness 1992 Ever Feeling One's Twoness: "Double Ideals" and "Double Consciousness" in the Souls of Black Folk Ernest Allen Jr. University of Massachusetts Amherst, W.E.B. Du Bois Department of Afro-American Studies Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cibs Recommended Citation Allen, Ernest Jr. (1992) "Ever Feeling One's Twoness: "Double Ideals" and "Double Consciousness" in the Souls of Black Folk," Contributions in Black Studies: Vol. 9 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cibs/vol9/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Afro-American Studies at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Contributions in Black Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu. Allen: Ever Feeling One's Twoness: "Double Ideals" and "Double Conscious ErnestAllen, Jr. EVER FEELING ONE'S TWONESS: "DOUBLE IDEALS" AND "DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS" IN THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK Two souls, alas! reside within my breast, and each is eager for a separation: in throes of coarse desire, one grips the earth with all its senses; the other struggles from the dust to rise to high ancestral spheres. Ifthere are spirits in the air who hold domain between this world and heaven­ out ofyour golden haze descend, transport me to a new and brighter life! ---Goethe, Faust N ms The Souls ojBlackFolk publishedat the tum ofthe century, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Sociological Theory
    SOC 502 CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY Spring l999 Professor Michèle Lamont Department of Sociology Princeton University mlamont@pucc.princeton.edu Office hours: by appointment. Tuesdays: 9:30-12:30 Green Hall 2-C-8 This course offers an introduction to contemporary sociological theory for graduate students aspiring to lead a life of research in the social sciences. The first and primary goal is to provide guidelines for a reflection on the role of theory in sociological research. We will examine questions such as: What is theory? How is it to be evaluated? How can we build on available theories in constructing new ones? Our second goal will be to understand how theories are shaped by the context in which they are produced. We will also discuss whether the impact of contexts should prevent us from aspiring to the production of generalizable theories. A third, broader, objective will be to provide students with bases needed for achieving a decent level of intellectual literacy within the field of sociology. Students who have not had exposure to sociological theory at the undergraduate level are encouraged to read one of the following books prior to our first meeting: Randall Collins, 1994. Four Sociological Traditions. New York: Oxford University Press (for true beginners) Jonathan H. Turner, 1991. The Structure of Sociological Theory. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. (exhaustive, with a functionalist twist) George Ritzer, 1988. Frontiers of Social Theory. New York: Columbia University Press (most up-to-date). These books will provide you with a general road-map of the field of sociological theory, as well as basic information on some of the approaches that we will not be cover due to time constrains (e.g., critical theory, exchange theory, neo-functionalism).
    [Show full text]
  • “Two Warring Ideals”: Double Consciousness and Masculinity From
    “TWO WARRING IDEALS”: DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS AND MASCULINITY FROM EMERSON TO DUBOIS by DEBORAH MANSON (Under the Direction of Richard Menke) ABSTRACT During the second half of the nineteenth century in both America and Britain, psychical phenomena such as mesmeric trances, spirit possession, and double consciousness were prominent in the case studies of physicians and psychologists and in fictional literary texts. Alternate consciousness was most often a side effect of hysteria, which Victorian physicians and authors associated with women. A number of case studies from this time period, however, suggest that double consciousness was not uncommon in men, and several novels depict such cases. For fictional male characters, the split most often organizes itself around issues of success and failure in the masculine world of social and economic achievement; failure in the public sphere could cause private distress. Mental disease held connotations of weakness and effeminacy, but in these novels double consciousness allows middle-class men to imaginatively separate private mental disease from public hegemonic masculinity. Through double consciousness, Victorian authors represent the tensions between private and public selves and the psychological division that results when a character‟s masculinity is inadequate to social norms. In this dissertation, I examine the intersection between Victorian standards of masculinity, the psychological phenomenon of double consciousness, and narrative representations of consciousness in fictional texts by Herman Melville, George Eliot, Robert Louis Stevenson, Henry James, and W.E.B. DuBois. Double consciousness, hysteria, neurasthenia, and hypochondriasis were all terms used by the medical community, often synonymously, to describe mental diseases, but double consciousness was most easily adopted by authors of fiction because of its dual physiological and metaphorical connotations.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociology of War Sociology 40190 Spring 2015 John Levi Martin University of Chicago Fridays, 9:30 AM – 12:30 PM Classics 111
    The Sociology of War Sociology 40190 Spring 2015 John Levi Martin University of Chicago Fridays, 9:30 AM – 12:30 PM Classics 111 Overview: War is a large scale social endeavor, often the most sophisticated coordination carried out by a polity. Here we investigate the nature of war, the sociological characteristics of the organizations developed for its pursuit, and its connection with different political forms. There will be a few brief forays into the consideration of the military as an occupational world, and perhaps one into quasi-war forms of political or economic violence, but the focus here will be on the organization of sustained conflict between armies and the preparation for same. This is not a class on violence, nor is it a class on military sociology. While we will bump into these topics, our focus is on war first and foremost, the preparations for and consequences of secondly, and only thirdly these other topics. However, I do bend to reach some of the more pivotal work in sociology. In some cases, that means using a somewhat less central source by a sociologist in preference to a more central one by a historian or political scientist. This is the first time I have taught this class; I am doing it to learn more about this topic. Class Format: Each class has a focal reading or set of related readings but usually only illustrating one portion of the topics to be covered in that day. Students whose work is related to these topics are encouraged to take unusual degrees of direction for these days.
    [Show full text]
  • Meanings and Typologies of Duboisian Double Consciousness Within 20Th Century United States Racial Dynamics Marc E
    University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Graduate Masters Theses Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses 6-1-2012 Meanings and Typologies of Duboisian Double Consciousness within 20th Century United States Racial Dynamics Marc E. Black University of Massachusetts Boston Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/masters_theses Part of the African American Studies Commons, Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, and the Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons Recommended Citation Black, Marc E., "Meanings and Typologies of Duboisian Double Consciousness within 20th Century United States Racial Dynamics" (2012). Graduate Masters Theses. Paper 87. This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact library.uasc@umb.edu. MEANINGS AND TYPOLOGIES OF DUBOISIAN DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS WITHIN 20TH CENTURY UNITED STATES RACIAL DYNAMICS A Thesis Presented by MARC E. BLACK Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS June 2012 Applied Linguistics Department © 2012 by Marc E. Black All rights reserved MEANINGS AND TYPOLOGIES OF DUBOISIAN DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS WITHIN 20TH CENTURY UNITED STATES RACIAL DYNAMICS
    [Show full text]
  • W.E.B. Du Bois's Proto-Afrofuturist Short Fiction: «The Comet»
    Il Tolomeo [online] ISSN 2499-5975 Vol. 18 – Dicembre | December | Décembre 2016 [print] ISSN 1594-1930 W.E.B. Du Bois’s Proto-Afrofuturist Short Fiction: «The Comet» Adriano Elia (Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Italia) Abstract This article examines W.E.B. Du Bois’s short story «The Comet» in the light of the Afrofutur- ist movement, a transnational and interdisciplinary, theoretical and literary-cultural enterprise that has endeavoured to rethink the history of Black civilisation in order to imagine a different, better, future. A remarkable example of post-apocalyptic, speculative and proto-Afrofuturist short fiction, «The Comet» functions as a fictional counterpart of the influential key concepts – double conscious- ness, the color line and the veil – previously introduced by Du Bois and it also foreshadows further critical issues and tropes that would be developed later, namely Fanon’s psychology of racism and Ellison’s metaphor of invisibility. Moreover, as a proto-Afrofuturist work of fiction, the story prefigures the post-apocalyptic worlds of Samuel R. Delany and Octavia Butler and becomes a parable in which the supernatural element of the toxic comet allows for interesting speculations on the alienation experienced by people of African descent. Keywords W.E.B. Du Bois. «The Comet». Afrofuturism. Double Consciousness. The Color Line. The Veil. This article examines W.E.B. Du Bois’s short fiction in the light of the Afro- futurist movement, a transnational and interdisciplinary, theoretical and literary-cultural enterprise that has endeavoured to rethink the history of Black civilization in order to imagine a different, better, future. Afrofutur- ism is based upon the unusual connection between the marginality of al- legedly ‘primitive’ people of the African diaspora and modern technology and speculative science fiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Gives a Background of the Journal and Information About Each Editor
    A Description of the Articles of the Past Five Years of Armed Forces & Society By Nathan Sexton An Applied Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Administration Texas State University Fall 2003 Political Science 5397 Dr. Patricia Shields Faculty Approval __________________________ __________________________ 1 Abstract The purpose of this Applied Research Project is to describe the substantive content of recent articles in Armed Forces & Society. This paper uses the framework of Guy L. Siebold (2001) to analyze the content of 117 Armed Forces & Society articles from the past five years. The settings chapter gives a background of the journal and information about each editor. Guy L. Siebold (2001 pp. 143) identifies four areas of military sociology that require attention. The four areas include (1) the military as a profession of arms, (2) the military as an institution or organization, (3) civil-military relations, and (4) military relations with other governmental agencies and militaries (Siebold 2001 pp140). The key facets of military sociology as set by Siebold are used to classify the content in the journal. The results found that the most discussed topics in the journal are historical development; education or training; recruitment or promotion; social issues or innovation, demographics; goals, ways of operating or the I/O debate, and the degree of conflict, harmony, or cooperation as related to civil-military relations. 2 Table of Contents Chapter One .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Morris Janowitz Collection 1940-1989
    University of Chicago Library Guide to the Morris Janowitz Collection 1940-1989 © 2009 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Acknowledgments 4 Descriptive Summary 4 Information on Use 4 Access 4 Citation 4 Biographical Note 4 Scope Note 5 Related Resources 6 Subject Headings 7 INVENTORY 7 Series I: General Correspondence 7 Series II: Subject Files 10 Series III: Texts, Abstracts, and Proposals of University of Chicago M.A. and Ph.D.22 Theses Series IV: Research on the Military 23 Series V: Drafts of Papers by Janowitz: Articles, Prefaces, Reviews 24 Series VI: Manuscripts and Reports Gathered by Janowitz 26 Series VII: Miscellaneous Printed Materials 26 Series VIII: Biographical Materials Addenda 27 Series IX: Correspondence. Addenda 27 Subseries 1: Professional Correspondence 27 Subseries 2: Personal correspondence 30 Series X: Subject Files. Addenda 30 Series XI: Research Files.Addenda 38 Series XII: Writings Addenda 46 Subseries 1: General 47 Subseries 2: Books 47 Subseries 3: Articles, Lectures, Conference Papers 49 Subseries 4: Untitled and Miscellaneous Writings 54 Series XIII: Course Materials. Addenda 54 Subseries 1: General 54 Subseries 2: Background Course Materials 55 Subseries 3: Syllabi, Lecture Notes, Examinations, Class Materials 55 Series XIV: Student Materials. Addenda 58 Series XV: Inter-University Seminar on the Armed Forces and Society Addenda61 Subseries 1: General 61 Subseries 2: Correspondence 62 Subseries 3: Armed Forces and Society 62 Subseries 4: Conference Papers 63 Subseries 5: Miscellaneous 64 Series XVI: Psychological Warfare Documents 65 Subseries 1: Weekly Intelligence Summary for Psychological Warfare 66 Subseries 2: Information Control Intelligence Summaries 68 Subseries 3: Topical Reports of the Intelligence Section, Psychological Warfare69 Division Subseries 4: Miscellaneous Intelligence Reports 70 Series XVII: Evaluations 71 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.JANOWITZM Title Janowitz, Morris.
    [Show full text]
  • One Ever Feels His Twoness 65
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Biodiversity Informatics One Ever Feels His Twoness 65 Review Essay One Ever Feels His Twoness: Understanding the Service and Rhetoric of Barack Obama Marne L. Campbell DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE RHETORIC OF BARACK OBAMA: The Price and Promise of Citizenship. By Robert E. Terrill. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press. 2015. THE SIZE OF OTHERS’ BUR- DENS: Barack Obama, Jane Addams, and the Politics of Helping Others. By Erik Schneiderhan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 2015. “It is a peculiar sensation, this double consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of the world that looks in on it in an amused contempt and pity.”—W.E.B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, 1903. W.E.B. Du Bois writes in The Souls of Black Folk (1903) that African Ameri- cans are born with a sort of second-sight for which to understand their position in the world, but particularly in American society. He understood, mostly by his 0026-3079/2016/5502-065$2.50/0 American Studies, 55:2 (2016): 65–74 65 66 Marne L. Campbell own experiences as a black man working in the south at the beginning of the twentieth century, and as a trained scholar in history and sociology, that African Americans had the ability to see themselves not only as themselves, but also as outsiders (specifically white people) did.
    [Show full text]