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UN Country Coordination: Enhancing Leadership for Development

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UN Country Coordination: Enhancing Leadership for Development Synthesis of Resident Coordinator Annual Reports 2009 UN Country Coordination: Enhancing Leadership for Development The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) is an instrument for UN reform created by the Secretary-General in 1997 to improve the effectiveness of UN development at the country level. Bringing together the operational agencies working on development, the Group is chaired by the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme on behalf of the Secretary-General. The UNDG develops policies and procedures that allow member agencies to work together and analyse country issues, plan support strategies, implement support programmes, monitor results and advocate for change. These initiatives increase UN impact in helping countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. United Nations Development Group Synthesis of Resident Coordinator Annual Reports 2009 UN Country Coordination: Enhancing Leadership for Development United Nations Development Group DOCO Director Deborah Landey Project Management Inyang Ebong-Harstrup (Project Manager), Liliana Ramirez (Advisor), Valentine Hoschet-Verdier and Julie Payne (Coordinators) Research Alexander Mirescu and Jesus Isaac Preciado Writing Olga Abramova, Dominic Allen, John Apruzzese, Nané Avetisyan, Liudmila Barcari, Marco Baumann, Jennifer Cooper (UNIFEM), Bradley Foerster, Francesco Galtieri, Hanna Grahn, Rio Hada (OHCHR), Pervez Hassan, Katarina Herneryd, Valentine Hoschet-Verdier, Zarak Jan, Astrid Marschatz, Muriel Obon, Jacqueline Olweya, Julie Payne, Liliana Ramirez, Elizabeth Spencer, Mark van den Boogaard, Fleur Vernat and Ian Williams (lead writer). Editing James Lee (Head Editor), John Tessitore and Mark Turner Production Julie Payne (Production Manager) Graphic Design Hipbone Design LLC Printing The Lowe-Martin Group © 2010 United Nations Development Group CONTENTS 6 FOREWORD 8 INTRODUCTION 15 CHAPTER ONE Enhancing National Leadership to Accelerate Progress in the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals 51 CHAPTER TWO System-wide Coherence 65 CHAPTER THREE Common Country Programming 89 CHAPTER FOUR Enhancing aid effectiveness 99 CHAPTER FIVE Strengthening the Resident Coordinator System to Lead UN Development Operations 113 CHAPTER SIX Leading in humanitarian crisis and post-crisis transition 125 CONCLUSION Lessons learned and the way forward 130 UN RESIDENT COORdinatOR OFFICES 140 ACRONYMS 141 UN COUNTRY TEAM WEBSITES FOREWORD FOREWORD 7 This September, world leaders gathered in New York the UN system see its benefits. Increasingly, the UN to attend a special review Summit on the Millennium system is harmonizing and simplifying its procedures, Development Goals. The path set at the Summit helps working more effectively, and making its programmes determine the direction which progress on the goals more coherent and relevant for partner countries. It is takes. also extending its support for South-South cooperation and working with new partners. The MDGs are the most broadly supported, compre- hensive, and specific poverty reduction targets the It is important to celebrate MDG achievements. The world has ever established. Further, for those living in United Republic of Tanzania has been able to increase poverty, they have never been abstract or aspirational its primary school enrolment rate by ninety per cent targets. They have offered a pathway to a better life—a since 1991; South Africa has cut in half the proportion life with access to adequate food and income; to basic of people without access to clean drinking water; pov- education and health services; to clean water and sani- erty rates in Egypt have fallen by half since 1999; and tation; to maintenance of the world’s biodiversity; and Viet Nam decreased its under-five child mortality rate to empowerment for women. by 75 per cent between 1990 and 2008. With five years to go until the MDG target date, prog- The global recession, the food and fuel crises, and the ress on the MDGs needs to be accelerated. While some challenges of catastrophic natural disasters—some re- serious challenges remain, there is a range of tried and lated to climate change—have complicated the road tested policies which can ensure MDG progress. With to 2015. But they do not put the MDGs out of reach the support of strong global partnerships for develop- if the world collectively determines that it wants to ment, the world can achieve the MDGs. achieve them. The UN has a special role to play in advocating for the Meeting the MDGs means a better life for billions of MDGs, acting as a scorekeeper of their progress, and as people. It will take the commitment of all UN entities, a source and mobilize of support for countries striving backed by strong global partnerships and the political to meet them. will of governments, to accelerate progress. With those key elements in place, the MDGs can be achieved. This synthesis of UN Resident Coordinators’ annual re- ports for 2009 describes some of the critical ongoing work of the United Nations development system to support countries meeting the MDGs and their own national development goals. In these chapters, we see the importance of having seasoned, competent leaders Helen Clark as representatives of UN agencies at the country level. Chair, United Nations Development Group By bringing the specific competencies of their agencies to the UN Country Teams, they can work harmoniously and effectively with the Resident Coordinator to pro- vide the kind of support to national leaders that can come only from the coordinated presence of the UN. The report also shows how the movement to system- wide coherence in support of national priorities is gain- ing its own momentum, as governments, donors, and Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon meets with senior UN officials in Port-au-Prince, Haiti following the 12 January 2010 earthquake. (UN Photo/Marco Dormino) INTRODUCTION 10 SYNTHESIS OF RESIDENT COORDINATOR ANNUAL REPORTS 2009 Chair of the UN Development Group Helen Clark visits a school for children with special needs in Dorotcaia, Moldova. (UNDP/John McConnico) With five years to go to meet the Millennium Devel- cies, funds, programmes, and departments to establish opment Goals (MDGs), this synthesis of the annual system-wide guidelines and agreements for develop- reports submitted to the Secretary-General by over ment operations at the country level. 130 Resident Coordinators in 2009 has unique value The work of Resident Coordinators and United Nations in helping to gauge how to attain the MDGs by 2015 country teams has been driven most recently by Gen- in the face of the economic crisis, climate change, eral Assembly resolutions 62/208 on the triennial com- and food insecurity. prehensive policy review and 62/277 on system-wide As in previous years, the report highlights the activi- coherence and by resolutions and decisions of the ties of the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) Economic and Social Council and the governing bod- in support of countries’ efforts to achieve the MDGs ies of the various UN entities. The Resident Coordina- and other internationally agreed development goals tor system is at the forefront of reforms to improve the (IADGs). In 2009, however, we also placed emphasis on coherence, effectiveness, and relevance of UN support the critical importance of national leadership and lead- for countries. ership at every level in the UN system in making our The report documents how the UN development sys- collective efforts effective. We also sought the views of tem has contributed to enhancing national leader- partners inside and outside the UN system on the ef- ship for development to achieve the MDGs and other fectiveness of that leadership role in different capacities IADGs through strengthening system-wide coherence, and settings. common country programming, aid effectiveness, and Nowhere is the question of leadership more relevant humanitarian crisis and post-crisis transition situa- than in the Resident Coordinator system, which is the tions. It also summarizes the most significant steps that global network for the coordination of UN operational country teams are taking to improve the coordination activities for development under national ownership of their activities and to enhance their capacities, the and leadership. The UNDG brings together 32 UN agen- challenges they face in doing so, and the lessons that INTRODUCTION 11 we can all learn from their efforts. It complements the tion of development activities between Governments report of the Secretary-General to the Economic and and the UN system. Social Council on the functioning of the Resident Co- Harmonizing business practices. In response to the ordinator system (E/2010/53), with a focus on experi- demands and needs of Governments on the ground, ences reported from UN country teams. the UN system has encouraged harmonization of ac- counting and other business practices. It is also mov- Highlights of progress in the Resident ing away from a project-by-project-based approach Coordinator annual reports: by agencies and donors towards common and coher- ent development programmes with regular and reli- Accelerating progress in the achievement of the able funding. Taken together, such measures reduce MDGs. The annual reports indicate that UN country costs and promote efficiency at every level. Resident teams are enhancing government leadership and na- Coordinator annual reports show that, overall, 63 per tional ownership of development strategies to attain cent of UN country teams continue to implement and the MDGs
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