Mammillaria Carnea

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T152335A625184

Mammillaria carnea

Assessment by: Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C. 2013. Mammillaria carnea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T152335A625184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152335A625184.en

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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Cactaceae

Taxon Name: Mammillaria carnea Zucc. ex Pfeiff.

Taxonomic Source(s): Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK. Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published: 2013

Date Assessed: April 29, 2009

Justification: Mammillaria carnea is widespread, abundant, and although there are threats in places and some sub- populations are declining, these are not sufficient to warrant any concern. Hence, it is listed as Least Concern. Geographic Range

Range Description: This widespread species is endemic to Mexico, where it occurs in the States of Guerrero, Oaxaca and Puebla (Pilbeam 1999). It grows at elevations between 500 and 2,000 m asl.

Country Occurrence: Native: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla)

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammillaria carnea – published in 2013. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152335A625184.en Population The species is abundant and has high-density populations. It grows on both plains and slopes. In many parts of its range the plains have been transformed into agricultural land and cattle ranching, because of which a decline can be inferred in some parts of its range. The species is associated with nurse plants that disappear with land use change. In Oaxaca the populations are constituted by hundreds of plants (Pilbeam 1999). Current Population Trend: Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) It grows in association with nurse plants (Rodríguez-Ortega and Ezcurra 2001). It occurs in tropical deciduous forest and xerophyllous scrub, tetechera, cardonal, mezquital, and in the margins of orchards (Arias et al. 1997, Paredes-Flores et al. 2007).

Systems: Terrestrial

Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information) The species is used as an ornamental.

Threats (see Appendix for additional information) There are no direct threats for the species, however, land use change due to agriculture affects part of its range.

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) The species occurs in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (Mendéz-Larios et al. 2006). It is propagated in a government-certified nursery at a local level. Credits

Assessor(s): Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C.

Reviewer(s): Superina, M. & Goettsch, B.K.

Facilitators(s) and Goettsch, B.K. Compiler(s):

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammillaria carnea – published in 2013. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152335A625184.en Bibliography Arias, M.S., Gama, S. and Guzmán, U. 1997. Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Fasículo 14. Cactaceae A.L. Juss. Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico.

IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 12 June 2013).

Maiti, R.K., Cuervo-Parra, J.A., Cadena-Salgado, M. and Singh, V.P. 2002. Studies on germination of Mammillaria carnea through methods of propagation in laboratory and greenhouse in Puebla, Mexico. Crop Research 24: 357-361.

Méndez-Larios, I., Lira, R., Godínez-Alvarez, H., Dávila, P. and Ortiz, E. 2006. Proposal for the establishment of the core zones in the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 15: 1627-1659.

Paredes-Flores, M., Lira-Saade, R. and Dávila-Arana, P. 2007. Estudio etnobotánico de Zapotitlán Salinas, Puebla. Acta Botanica Mexicana 79: 13-61.

Pilbeam, J. 1999. Mammillaria. Cirio Publishing Services, Southampton.

Rodríguez-Ortega, C.E. and Ezcurra, E. 2001. Distribución espacial en el hábitat de Mammillaria pectinifera y M. carnea en el Valle de Zapotitlán Salinas, Puebla, Mexico. Cactáceas y Suculentas Mexicanas 46: 63-67.

Citation Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C. 2013. Mammillaria carnea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T152335A625184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013- 1.RLTS.T152335A625184.en

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Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Resident Suitable Yes

3. Shrubland -> 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry - Suitable Yes

Use and Trade (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

End Use Local National International Pets/display animals, horticulture Yes No No

Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming Ongoing - - - & ranching -> 2.3.2. Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality

Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management

Occur in at least one PA: Yes

In-Place Education

Included in international legislation: Yes

Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes

Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammillaria carnea – published in 2013. 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152335A625184.en Research Needed 3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends

3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trends

Additional Data Fields

Distribution Lower elevation limit (m): 500

Upper elevation limit (m): 2000

Population Population severely fragmented: No

Habitats and Ecology Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammillaria carnea – published in 2013. 5 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152335A625184.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T152335A625184

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