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Zonas Aridas Nº14 Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima - Perú Zonas Áridas Publicada por el Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Published by the Center for Arid Lands Research (CIZA) National Agrarian University La Molina Director/ Director MSc. Juan Torres Guevara Editor Invitado/Guest Editor Dr. Heraldo Peixoto da Silva Editores/Editors Editor en jefe - MSc (c). Sonia María González Molina Dra. María de los Ángeles La Torre-Cuadros Dr (c). Reynaldo Linares-Palomino Comité Científico/Scientific Committee Dr. Eugene N. Anderson University of California Riverside, EUA Programa Bosques Mexicanos WWF, México E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dra. Norma Hilgert Dr. Alejandro Casas Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Técnicas, Argentina Autónoma de México, México E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dra. Egleé López Zent Dr. Gerald A. Islebe Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, México Venezuela E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dra. María Nery Urquiza Rodríguez Dr. Antonio Galán de Mera Grupo Nacional de Lucha contra de la Desertifica- Universidad San Pablo CEU, España ción y la Sequía, Cuba E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Carlos Galindo-Leal PhD. Toby Pennington Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Tropical Diversity Section E-mail: [email protected] Diseñadora/ Designer Gaby Matsumoto Información General/ General Information Zonas Áridas publica una vez al año artículos referentes a los diversos aspectos de las zonas áridas y semiáridas a nivel mundial, con la finalidad de contribuir al mejor conocimiento de sus componentes naturales y sociales, y al manejo adecuado de sus recursos. Se aceptan con- tribuciones en aspectos teóricos y aplicados en: Botánica, Zoología, Ecología, Etnobiología, Paleobiología, Antropología, Arqueología, Geología, Hidrología, Forestales, Agricultura, Climatología, Arquitectura de estos ecosistemas así como; proyectos de conservación, de- sarrollo, cambio climático, educación y material legal, cultural e histórico referidos a zonas áridas. Esta Revista se inició en 1982 y tiene las siguientes secciones: Editorial, Artículos científicos, Revisiones y Notas Técnicas o Informativas. No se cobran gastos de publicación. Las opiniones expresadas en esta revista son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores.Los manuscritos serán evaluados anónimamente de acuerdo a los criterios de nuestra política editorial. Zonas Áridas publishes original articles that address the various aspects of the arid and semi-arid at world-wide level, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of their natural and social components and to the rational management of their resources. It accepts contributions about arid lands in the different scopes of basic and applied science, particularly in: Biology, Ecology, Paleobiology, Anthropology, Archaeology, Geology, Hidrology, Forestry, Agriculture, Climatology and Architecture. This journal was founded in 1982 and it has the following sections: Editorial, Scientific Research Articles, Reviews and Technical or Informative Notes. It has no page charges. Opinions and conclusions expressed in this journal are the sole responsibility of the contributing author (s). ISSN 1013-445X (Versión impresa) ISSN 1814-8921 (Versión electrónica) Título Clave: Zonas áridas Título Clave Abreviado: Zonas áridas Biblioteca Nacional del Perú Depósito Legal: 2003-5607 Dirección Postal/Mailing Address Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Camilo Carrillo 300 A, Lima 11, Perú E-mail: [email protected] Página Web: http://www.lamolina.edu/zonasaridas Zonas Áridas Nº14 Año 2010 ISSN 1013-445X versión impresa ISSN 1814-8921 versión electrónica Contenidos / Contents EDITORIAL ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES / ORIGINALS articles Aportes metodológicos para evaluación hidrológica de cuencas andinas. Estudio cuenca Río Mendoza 10 Elena Abraham, Mario Salomón, Cecilia Rubio, Darío Soria Patrones de diversidad regional en las Cactaceae amenazadas del Desierto Chihuahuense, México 35 José Guadalupe Hernández-Oria Tiempos de sequía, tiempos de escasez. las dimensiones materiales, simbólicas y rituales en el 50 aprovisionamiento y uso del agua en tierras secas. Mendoza, Argentina. Laura María Torres, Gabriela Claudia Pastor Termoclima y humedad en el sur del Perú. Bioclimatología y bioindicadores en el departamento de 71 Arequipa Antonio Galán De Mera, Eliana Linares Perea, Carlos Trujillo Vera, Francisco Villasante Benavides Sequías recurrentes en el ecosistema mediterráneo de Baja California, México 83 Francisco Raúl Venegas Cardoso, José López García Levantamiento de suelos en el Valle de Tehuacan, Puebla, México 99 José López-García, Jesús Daniel Muñoz Iniestra, Francisco Raúl Venegas Cardoso Desertificación y disponibilidad de humedad en la cuenca del Río Conchos, México 110 Alejandro Ismael Monterroso Rivas, Jesús David Gómez Díaz, Juan Ángel Tinoco Rueda, Jorge Dionisio Etchevers Barra Posibilidades de la autogestión de recursos acuáticos comunes en el contexto maya 119 Konrad Berghuber, Christian R. Vogl, Elias Silvel Chaco árido. Estudio y evaluación económica de revestimientos de canales de distribución de agua 145 en Chancaní, Córdoba, Argentina Sonia Cecilia Calvo, Rubén Coirini, Eugenia Del Franco, David Nerín Porté, María Laura Salvador Ciclo ganadero y especies forrajeras en Salinas Grandes, Catamarca, Argentina 170 Juan Cavanna, Germán Castro, Ulf Karlin, Marcos Karlin Assessment of biodiversity laws and policies in protected areas: case study of Cross River National 181 Park, Kainji Lake National Park, and Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria G. A. Lameed, M.G. Olujide Physico-chemical analysis and odour improvement of Traditional Shea Butter (Vitallaria paradoxa 192 Geartn. F.) Taiye R. Fasola, O. Ayoade Efecto de la escarificación y de la edad de semillas en la germinación de Mammillaria mystax 196 María del Carmen Navarro Carbajal, Sandra Saldivar Sánchez, Héctor R. Eliosa León Cultivo in vitro de especies de zonas áridas con potencial de aprovechamiento 206 Ruth A. Garza Padrón, María Julia Verde Star, Azucena Oranday Cárdenas, Catalina Rivas Morales, Jaime Treviño Neávez, Ramón G. Rodríguez Garza, Eufemia Morales Rubio Indicadores de desertificación en Apurímac: relaciones espaciales entre degradación de suelos y 214 presiones antrópicas Nicolás Ibáñez, Grégory Damman Fenología reproductiva de especies vegetales de Salinas Grandes, Catamarca, Argentina 230 Marcos Karlin, Ana Contreras, Ulf Karlin, Rubén Coirini Social reproduction strategies in communities from dry saline areas 241 Marcos Karlin, Germán Castro, Ulf Karlin Carta del Director La desertificación y el cambio climático constituyen problemas que se combinan para impactar tanto a nivel local como globalmente con peligrosos efectos económicos, sociales y ambientales. Dentro de este contexto, la problemática del agua, resultante del uso inadecuado así como de procesos de sequías cada vez más intensas y recurrentes que sumadas afectan la calidad y disponi- bilidad de este valioso recurso, es una de las preocupaciones mas importantes para la humanidad actualmente y son justamente estos temas los que aborda el presente número de nuestra revista, presentando en total ocho trabajos que desde distintos enfoques brindan aportes para lograr el uso sostenible de este recurso, probablemente el más escaso en las próximas décadas dentro de un escenario de cambio climático. Siete de los trabajos se enfocan en la problemática del recurso hídrico: 3 relacionados a su gestión (Konrad C. et al.; Calvo S. et al; Abraham E. et al.; 2 referidos a las sequías (Torres L. et al., Ve- negas F. et al.), y otros 2 relativos a la humedad (Galán A. et al.; Monterroso A. et al.), Otros ocho temas incluidos en este número están relacionados a los recursos biológicos vegetales como son: la diversidad (Hernandez J., Lameed G. et al.); la ecofisiología (Fasola T. et al., Nava- rro M. et al., Karlin M. et al., a, b); cultivos in vitro (Garza R. et al.), y ciclos forrajeros (Cabanna J. et al.) y los no menos importantes temas de erosión de suelos (López J. et al.) e indicadores de desertificación (Ibañez N. y DammanG.) Nuestro artista del desierto invitado es el gran poeta español Miguel Hernández, hijo de cam- pesinos que entre otros oficios fue pastor de cabras durante su niñez. Su poema “Aceituneros” derivó en que se dijera tenía el color de una aceituna. A poco más de cien años de su nacimiento (1910- 2010) años, un pequeño homenaje de esta humilde revista de los desiertos, que haciendo honor a su nombre: sabe esperar. El director Director’s letter Desertification and climate change constitute problems that when combined have local and global impact, with dangerous economic, social and environmental effects. Within this context, the problems related to water that result from its inadequate use, as well as from ever-increasing and recurrent drought processes, both of which affect the quality and availability of this valuable resource, are one of the current and most important issues that humanity is facing. The present issue is devoted to exactly these themes, presenting eight studies that contribute insights into the sustainable use of this resource. A resource that will probably become the scarcest resource in the coming decades under a climate change scenario. Seven
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