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Ancient Egyptian Medicine the Papyrus Ebers

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Ancient Egyptian Medicine the Papyrus Ebers ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MEDICINE THE PAPYRUS EBERS Translated from the German Version .By CYRIL P. BRYAN M.B., B.CH., B.A.O. Demonstrator in Anatomy, University College, London With an Introduction by PROFESSOR G. ELLIOT SMITH M.D., D.SC., LITT.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. Professor ofAnatomy. University College, London ARES PUBLISHERS INC. MCMLXXIV Those about to study Medicine, and the younger Physicians, should light their torches at the fires of the Ancients. ROKITANSKY Unchanged Reprint of the Edition: London, 1930. ARES PUBLISHERS INC. Printed in the United States of America International Standard Book Number: 0-89005-004-X Library of Congress Catalog Card Nunfter: K 74-77905 DISEASES OF THE EYES 95 Pinguecula Pterygium Staphyloma Trichiasis CHAPTER XVI DISEASES OF THE EYES To improve the sight a 'lotion' prepared by warming Chips-of-a-new-hennu-pot in Fresh Milk NINE pages of the original papyrus are devoted to eye- was recommended. Another lotion could be prepared conditions, a fact which need occasion no surprise to by combining Cream with the Milk-of-a-Woman- anyone acquainted with that country even after the who-has-borne-a-Son. Apply to the eyes frequently, is thousands of years that separate us from that far- added. A number of salves are also given in each of distant period. In a separate volume published in which Collyrium figures. Thus in one the Collyrium 1889 Ebers gave a detailed translation of this inter- is simply combined with Honey; in another with esting chapter, differentiating the following conditions: Honey and Sap-from-Fresh-Onions; in another with the Marrow-of-an-Ox; in another with Goose-grease Blepharitis and Water; in another with Incense and Real Lapis Blindness lazuli; in another with Antimony, Copper-vitriol, Carcinoma Writing-fluid, and Onions; and in still another with Cataract Writing-fluid, Myrrh, Opal-resin, Arabian-wood- Chalazion powder, and Saltpetre-from-Upper-Egypt. Chemosis For Bleary Eyes one beat up Myrrh, Onions, Ectropion Verdigris, and Cyperus-from-the-North, with Antilope- Entrop ion dung, Clear Oil, and Entrails-of-the-qadit-animal. Granulation This could be painted on with a Vulture's feather. Haemorrhage Fortunately for Bleary-eyed panel patients of that day, Hydrophthalmus and for those whose means did not run to Antilopes Inflammation and Vultures (not to mention qadit-animals) the Iritis homely Ass—as so often before—stepped into the Leucoma breach and offered himself, or rather part of himself, Ophthalmoplegia for their benefit: 94 96 THE PAPYRUS EBERS DISEASES OF THE EYES 97 ANOTHER REMEDY Scribe thought it advisable to impart some ginger Ass's Tooth into the treatment: Mix in Water and apply around the Patient's eyes so that he recovers quickly. ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT FAT-IN-THE-EYES Red-lead The remedy does not sound very convincing but it has Goose-grease the merit of being clean and as such is infinitely to be Smear the eyes therewith. preferred to the 'remedy' employed by a recent SEE TO IT! patient of the writer who for the three weeks preceding had been vigorously (and to his surprise unavailingly) Another remedy approximated more to the modern bathing his bleary eyes, night and morning, with his treatment of the disease: own urine! A simple poultice of Incense and Crocus, equal ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT FAT-IN-THE-EYES parts, often sufficed to clear up Bloodshot Eyes. If it did not a more complicated poultice composed of Knife-stone Onions, Verdigris, Collyrium, and Arabian-wood Mix in Fresh Milk and apply thereto very often. powder, crushed 'to a powder' with Ink and Water was recommended. Then there was another: To-day it is the Knife instead of a Knife-stone that we apply to the eye, while the patient is instructed to ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT BLOOD IN THE EYES drink the Fresh Milk. 'To him whose two eyes suffer from a flow of Two Clay vessels: in one put powdered Fruit- matter' a poultice of Clay-from-a-Statue, Leaves-of- of-the-Dompalm and Milk-of-a-Woman-who- the-Castor--oil-tree, and Honey, is advised. To restore has-borne-a-Son. In the other Cow's Milk. the lustre of the eyes one could apply a poultice of Keep moist. In the morning bathe both eyes Onions, Resin, and Verdigris, crushed in the Milk- from the Fruit-of-the-Dompalm. Next wash of-a-Woman-who-has-borne-a-Son. If a film covered the Eyes with the Cow's Milk four times for the eyes the remedies were many, but two will suffice: six days. Xanthelasma seemingly proved a troublesome con- TO DISPEL THE FILM IN THE EYES ON THE FIRST DAY dition, for after laying down various remedies the Water-from-the-Bird-pond I 98 THE PAPYRUS EBERS DISEASES OF THE EYES 99 Whether this was drunk or merely applied to the eyes I lead forth what I find. does not appear; but fortunately in the next remedy I lead forth your heads. there was no room for doubt: I lift up your necks. I fasten what has been cut from you in its place. ANOTHER REMEDY FOR THE FILMING-OVER WHICH I lead you forth to drive away the God of Fevers RISES IN THE EYE and all possible Deadly Arts. Dried-excrement-from-the-Body-of-a-Child So MANY THERE ARE. Honey A formula to repeat over the Brain-of-a-Tortoise Put in Fresh Milk and then apply to the Eyes. that is mixed in Honey, and then laid on the Eyes. Leucoma was a complaint that set these far-off Oculists on their mettle. They tried to coax it away with a lotion of Cream and Milk, or another of Colly- Cataract was another condition which had the rium, Ink, and Water. These failing they ground Ancients at their wits' end. Goose-grease and Honey some Ebonywood and Collyrium to powder and applied was tried as a poultice; Isinglass and Verdigris; it. Next they dressed the eyes with a poultice of Lapis lazuli, Milk, Incense, and Crocodile-earth. Powdered Granite. Then getting desperate they tried But how intractable this disease must have proved a 'paste' made from Collyrium and the Bile-of-the- itself is revealed in the call made to the gods to re- abdu-fish. Finally they resorted to Magic, plus the inforce the remedy: Brain-of-a-Tortoise mixed with Honey: ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT THE WHITE GROWTH IN THE ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT CATARACT IN THE EYES EYES Come, Verdigris I There is a Shouting in the Southern Sky in the Come, Verdigris! Darkness. Come, Thou Fresh One! There is an Uproar in the Northern Sky. Come, Efflux from the Eye of the god Horus I The Hall of Pillars falls into the Waters. It comes, That which issues forth from the Eye The Ship-folk of the Sun-god beat their oars so ofTum! that the heads at his side fall into the water. Come, Juice that gushes from Osiris! Who leads hither what he finds? He comes to him, he drives away from him Water, 100 THE PAPYRUS EBERS DISEASES OF THE EYES ioi Matter, Blood, Inflammation of the Eyes, ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT PTERYGIUM Mattery-discharge, Blindness, Dripping Eyes. This the God of Fever works all Deadly Arts, the Red-lead uxedu of every kind, and all things evil of these Powdered-wood-from-Arabia eyes. Iron-from-Apollonopolis-parva Calamine So MANY THERE ARE OF THEM. Egg-of-an-Ostrich Words to be spoken over Verdigris mixed with Saltpetre-from-Upper-Egypt Beetle-wax. Sulphur Add Cyperus thereto and carefully apply to the Honey Eye. Make into one and apply to the Eyes. Another growth in the eye, Pterygium, was not looked on kindly, judging by the remedies which these Eyes which suffered from a 'flow of matter' were people appeared ready to submit to. Certainly the dismissed with a mere couple of remedies. Clay-from- Scribe leads off with an inoffensive poultice of Honey- a-Statue was ground up in Honey along with some comb, following it with another of Beetle-wax, but Leaves-from-the-Castor-Oil-tree, and applied to the these must have proved useless for he soon passes on eyes. The second remedy was not so easily put up. to more complicated and stronger remedies. Excre- Some Real Collyrium was soaked in Water for four ment-of-the-henut-bird, is recommended, mixed up days; then for another four days it was soaked in with Sea-salt and Incense; then descending from the Goose-grease. It was now washed in the Milk-of-a- clouds he sets down another composed of Lizard's Woman-who-had-borne-a-Son, and allowed to dry for dung, Collyrium, Soda-from-Upper-Egypt, and Honey. nine days. Thereafter it was crushed with some Another poultice is composed of Black Knife-stone Myrrh, made up into a ball, and rubbed on the eye. and Crocodile-earth, mixed up with Honey and The victims of ingrowing eyelashes must have been flavoured with Incense. He made an attempt at a a veritable godsend to the rising ophthalmologist in golden-eye ointment, too, when he crushed some Ancient Egypt. At the same time they must have Collyrium in the Egg-of-a-Vulture; but what the proved a very severe drain on the live-stock of the colour of the following turned out to be only a brave country, as may be seen from a perusal of some of the man would say: remedies prescribed for that irritating affliction: 102 THE PAPYRUS EBERS DISEASES OF THE EYES 103 TO DRIVE OUT TRICHIASIS ANOTHER Myrrh Fat-of-an-Ox i Lizard's Blood I Olive Oil Bat's Blood I Entrails-of-Moles i Tear out the Hairs and put thereon in order to Crush into one, put on the fire, and put in the make him well.
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