DOCSLIB.ORG

Critical Feminist History of Psychology Versus Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Critical Feminist History of Psychology Versus Sociology of Scientific Knowledge CAN UNCLASSIFIED Critical Feminist History of Psychology Versus Sociology of Scientific Knowledge Contrasting Views of Women Scientists? Angela R. Febbraro DRDC – Toronto Research Centre Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 2020, Vol. 40, No. 1, 7–20 ISSN: 1068-8471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/teo0000133 Date of Publication from Ext Publisher: April 2020 The body of this CAN UNCLASSIFIED document does not contain the required security banners according to DND security standards. However, it must be treated as CAN UNCLASSIFIED and protected appropriately based on the terms and conditions specified on the covering page. Defence Research and Development Canada External Literature (P) DRDC-RDDC-2020-P093 August 2020 CAN UNCLASSIFIED CAN UNCLASSIFIED IMPORTANT INFORMATIVE STATEMENTS This document was reviewed for Controlled Goods by Defence Research and Development Canada using the Schedule to the Defence Production Act. Disclaimer: This document is not published by the Editorial Office of Defence Research and Development Canada, an agency of the Department of National Defence of Canada but is to be catalogued in the Canadian Defence Information System (CANDIS), the national repository for Defence S&T documents. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (Department of National Defence) makes no representations or warranties, expressed or implied, of any kind whatsoever, and assumes no liability for the accuracy, reliability, completeness, currency or usefulness of any information, product, process or material included in this document. Nothing in this document should be interpreted as an endorsement for the specific use of any tool, technique or process examined in it. Any reliance on, or use of, any information, product, process or material included in this document is at the sole risk of the person so using it or relying on it. Canada does not assume any liability in respect of any damages or losses arising out of or in connection with the use of, or reliance on, any information, product, process or material included in this document. Template in use: EO Publishing App for CR-EL Eng 2019-01-03-v1.dotm © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (Department of National Defence), 2020 © Sa Majesté la Reine en droit du Canada (Ministère de la Défense nationale), 2020 CAN UNCLASSIFIED Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology © The Crown in Right of Canada (Defence R&D Canada), 2020 2020, Vol. 40, No. 1, 7–20 ISSN: 1068-8471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/teo0000133 Critical Feminist History of Psychology Versus Sociology of Scientific Knowledge: Contrasting Views of Women Scientists? Angela R. Febbraro Defence Research and Development Canada—Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada With the rise of second-wave feminism, new theoretical perspectives on women scientists began to emerge. By the 1980s and 1990s, 2 contrasting views of women scientists were discernible. Within the former, critical feminist historians rendered more visible and re/placed the lives and achievements of women psychologists within psychology’s history, challenged the “add women and stir” approach to the history of women psychologists, and suggested the need to view history through the lens of women’s distinct experiences within sexist scientific structures. Within the sociology of scientific knowledge, the contributions and experiences of women scientists remained largely ignored in favor of a meritocratic, universalistic, and objectivist image of science, despite recognition of the importance of social relations in scientific knowledge production. Today, a comparative analysis of developments within psychology and the sociology of scientific knowledge suggests a more nuanced, less dichotomous juxtaposition of views. Alongside critical feminist history of psychology, objectivist views of women scientists have also remained evident within related psycho- logical subdisciplines, and the sociology of scientific knowledge has seen the emergence of feminist studies of science, technology, and society, on the borders of more traditional, objectivist views. This article reflects on some of the assumptions underlying different views of women scientists, past and present, within these (sub)disciplines. More broadly, this article examines the relevance of new developments in feminist theory and neoliber- alism in theorizing women’s scientific careers, analyzes conceptualizations of gender discrimination and their implications for theory, and considers whether such (sub)disci- plinary comparisons remain pertinent to understanding gendered scientific structures. Public Significance Statement This article speaks to the need to understand sexist discrimination, and other forms of discrimination, in terms of its multiple, varied, and interconnected manifesta- tions. Discrimination, within science and society, can be both overt and covert, and both informal and formal. As such, discrimination can be expressed in individual “choices,” as well as in cultural or other structural constraints. Rather than under- standing discrimination narrowly, as distinguishable from culture, discrimination must be understood broadly, as pervasive throughout culture and society. Specifi- cally, this article suggests that the insights of critical feminist historians within psychology, as well as new feminist perspectives within the sociology of science, may provide understandings of women scientists that are more inclusive and contextual, that recognize the pervasiveness of sexist discrimination in all its forms, and that view social relations as complex, as indeterminate, and as inextricably linked to both individual subjectivities and broader scientific and societal structures. Keywords: women in science, critical feminist history of psychology, sociology of scientific knowledge, sociology of science I would like to acknowledge Ian Lubek for his contri- dressed to Angela R. Febbraro, Defence Research and Devel- butions to our early discussions on the sociology of knowl- opment Canada—Toronto Research Centre, 1133 Sheppard edge. Avenue West, Toronto, ON M3K 2C9, Canada. E-mail: Correspondence concerning this article should be ad- [email protected] 7 8 FEBBRARO In 1995, I presented an article at the annual (sub)disciplines. I begin with the analysis that I meeting of the Canadian Psychological Associ- articulated in 1995, in which I drew a sharp ation in which I elaborated two contrasting contrast between views, and then move to a views of women scientists (Febbraro & Lubek, more nuanced assessment of views within con- 1995). These views had been discernible by the temporary critical feminist history of psychol- 1980s and 1990s with the rise of second-wave ogy, present-day sociology of scientific knowl- feminism, when new theoretical perspectives on edge (or STS1), and related (sub)-disciplines. women scientists had begun to emerge. In that Subsequently, and more broadly, I examine the article, I argued that one contrasting perspective relevance of new developments in feminist the- was located within critical feminist history of ory, including intersectionality and interference, psychology, and the other, within the sociology and of neoliberalism, in theorizing women’s of scientific knowledge. Within the former, crit- scientific careers; I analyze conceptualizations ical feminist historians, such as Bohan (1990), of gender discrimination, both critical and ob- O’Connell and Russo (1980, 1983, 1990), and jectivist, and their implications for theory; and I Scarborough and Furumoto (1987), had begun consider whether such (sub)disciplinary com- to rectify an injustice by finding the “lost” parisons remain pertinent for understanding women of psychology; to render more visible gendered scientific structures. Ultimately, I sug- and “re/place” the lives and achievements of gest that an understanding of women in science women psychologists within their discipline’s will require the conceptualization of social re- history; to challenge the earlier and more prev- lations as complex, as indeterminate, and as alent “add women and stir” approach to the inextricably linked to both individual subjec- history of women psychologists, according to tivities and broader scientific, and societal, which women adhere seamlessly to dominant, structures. I begin with my view from 1995, male-defined, objectivist conceptions of sci- starting with an analysis of critical feminist ence; and to suggest the need to view history history of psychology. through the lens of women’s distinct experi- ences within sexist structures of science. In con- Critical Feminist History of Psychology trast, I suggested that, within the sociology of scientific knowledge, the contributions and ex- Despite the presence of women in science for periences of women scientists remained largely over a century, their existence and contributions ignored in favor of a meritocratic, universalistic, had been largely ignored, until critical feminist and objectivist image of science (Cole & Zuck- historians began in the 1970s to render them erman, 1984, 1987; Zuckerman, Cole, & Bruer, visible. Rossiter (1993), for example, discussed 1991), despite recognition within that discipline cases of women scientists who had been ig- of the importance of social relations in scientific nored, denied credit, or otherwise dropped from knowledge production. sight in various fields of study. Playing on the Today, nearly 25 years later, a comparative term, The Matthew Effect, coined by Robert K. analysis of developments within psychology Merton in 1968
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selected Books, Articles, and Monographs for the Guidance Of
    Dnet,MFti R F SUMF CG 002 982 ED 023 121 24 By -McGuire, Carson Behavioral Science Memorandum Number10. Texas Univ., Austin. Research andDevelopment Center for TeacherEducation. Spons Agency -Office of Education(DHEW), Washington, D C. Report No -BSR -M -10 Bureau No -BR -5 -0249 Pub Date 66 Contract -OEC -6 -10 -108 Note -36p.; Includes Addenda toBehavioral Science MemorandumNumber 10. EDRS Price MF -$025 HC -$190 Development, *Teacher Education Descriptors -*Annotated Bibliographies,*Child Development, *Human Number 10 was theinitial venture intoannotating Behavioral Science Memorandum of busy instructors selected books, articles,and monographsfor the guidance responsible for teacher education.The responses to theannotated bibliographies Apparently some sortof handbook forlearning throughguided have been positive. teacher discovery is a possible meansof orienting collegeprofessors and students in education to the realizationthat the mafor objective inthe educational encounter is regurgitation" in examinationsbut the not "soaking vp"information for later "selective information as it intellectual capabilities necessaryto relate new acquisition of the annotated entries) develops to theunderlying principles of afield study. (137 (AUTHOR) via_57-0.240 EDUCATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTCENTER TN TEAChTH THE UNIVERSITY OFTEXAS Behavioral ScienceMemorandum No. 10 July, 1966 S.H. 308 Bibliographies other Child and HumanDevelopment and the The two bibliographies in thismemorandum, one on and literature. They point to books on Human Development andEducation, merely sample the well as some tiresomereading. What the journals which provide many ideasand explanations, as be of interest toother persons. writer regards as "tiresome" orirrelevant, of course, may IMPORTANT NOTE without much writtenfeedback. The A number of memoranda and aNewsletter have been issued from our readers.
    [Show full text]
  • A FORDÍTÁS ALAPJA the Psychology Book Copyright © 2012 Dorling
    A FORDÍTÁS ALAPJA HVG Könyvek The Psychology Book Kiadóvezető: Budaházy Árpád Felelős szerkesztő: Török Hilda Copyright © 2012 Kiadói szerkesztő: Tanács Eszter Dorling Kindersley Limited A Penguin Random House Company ISBN 978-963-304-315-8 FORDÍTOTTA Minden jog fenntartva. Jelen könyvet © Bányász Réka, 2016 vagy annak részleteit tilos reprodukálni, adatrendszerben tárolni, bármely formában Behaviorizmus vagy eszközzel – elektronikus, Kognitív pszichológia fényképészeti úton vagy más módon – a kiadó engedélye nélkül közölni. Pszichoterápia Kiadja a HVG Kiadó Zrt., Budapest, 2016 © Morvay Krisztina, 2016 Felelős kiadó: Szauer Péter Differenciálpszichológia Fejlődéslélektan Filozófiai gyökerek Szociálpszichológia www.hvgkonyvek.hu Nyomdai előkészítés: Somodi András LEKTORÁLTA Nyomás: TBB, Slovakia dr. Harmat László A WORLD OF IDEAS: SZERKESZTETTE SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW Szőllős Péter www.dk.com ALKOTÓTÁRSAK CATHERINE COLLIN VOULA GRAND Klinikai pszichológus, az angliai Plymouthi Egyetem Üzleti pszichológusként nemzetközi cégek üzletviteli docense, tanácsadóként vett részt a könyv és vezetői tanácsadójaként dolgozik. Első regénye létrejöttében. Catherine érdeklődési területe Honor’s Shadow (Honor árnyéka) címmel jelent meg. elsősorban a mentális egészség és a kognitív viselkedésterápia. NIGEL BENSON MERRIN LAZYAN Egyetemi előadásokat tart filozófiából és Író, szerkesztő és klasszikus énekes, a Harvardon pszichológiából. A pszichológia témakörében több tanult pszichológiát. Számos, különféle témájú regény nagy sikerű könyv, többek között a Psychology for és ismeretterjesztő könyv fűződik a nevéhez. Beginners (Pszichológia kezdőknek) és az Introducing Psychiatry (Pszichiátria másképp) szerzője. JOANNAH GINSBURG MARCUS WEEKS Klinikai pszichológus és újságíró, New York City, Író és zenész. Filozófiát tanult, majd tanárként Boston, Philadelphia és Dallas közösségi kezelési dolgozott, mielőtt írói pályára lépett volna. Számos központjaiban dolgozik. Rendszeresen publikál szépművészeti és népszerű tudományos könyv pszichológiai témájú írásokat.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Psychology There’S No Turning Back
    2 Transforming Psychology There’s No Turning Back Introduction History: Rewinding the Videotape Psychology and Women The Psychology of Women: Historical Trends and Patterns Psychology of Women Today: Pressing Pause Contemporary Perspectives and Trends Within the Discipline of Psychology Feminist Research: Playing Forward Decisions, Decisions Innovations in Research Feminist Approaches to Doing Research Intersectionality: Diversity in Feminist Research What We Know About Gender Differences Where We Look for Differences Overlooking Similarity Declaring Difference Summarizing Data Chapter Summary Suggested Readings 25 26 • chapter two ora, at age 18, finds herself caught in a web of family affairs that sound like they came straight out of a soap opera. Her father Dappears to be having an extramarital affair with his friend’s wife. Dora’s problems are with her father’s friend, Mr. K. Mr. K always seemed attracted to Dora. Starting when she was 7, Mr. K grabbed every opportunity he could to take her on long, unchaper- oned walks and buy her expensive gifts. As Dora got older, she became more and more uncomfortable with his attentions, but she didn’t fully understand why until she was 14. Mr. K invited her to watch a festival from his office window, and when she arrived, she was surprised to find him alone. He kissed her deeply, and as he pulled her close to him- self, she felt his erection. It was at this point in time that Dora started to develop what her family referred to as “symptoms.” These symptoms worsened over time as Mr. K’s pursuit of her intensified.
    [Show full text]
  • V. an Examination of Women's Professional Visibility in Cognitive
    eminism F & Psychology ‘‘Functionalism, Darwinism, and the psychology of women’’ forty years on Feminism & Psychology 2016, Vol. 26(3) 292–319 V. An examination of ! The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: women’s professional sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0959353516641139 visibility in cognitive fap.sagepub.com psychology Jyotsna Vaid and Lisa Geraci Texas A&M University, USA Abstract Mainstream psychological research has been characterized as androcentric in its con- struction of males as the norm. Does an androcentric bias also characterize the pro- fessional visibility of psychologists? We examined this issue for cognitive psychology, where the gender distribution in doctoral degrees has been roughly equal for several decades. Our investigation revealed that, across all indicators surveyed, male cognitive psychologists are more visible than their female counterparts: they are over-repre- sented in professional society governance, as editors-in-chief of leading journals in the field, as Fellows in professional societies, and as recipients of prestigious senior level awards. Taken together, our findings indicate that a gender parity in doctoral degrees in cognitive psychology does not translate into a parity in professional visibility. We discuss a variety of potential reasons for the observed gender gap and suggest that, without attention to gendered structures of status and power, as noted by Shields, existing gender hierarchies may persist and be reproduced. Keywords androcentrism, professional visibility, women in academia, gender gap, cognitive psychology In her seminal article in 1975, Stephanie Shields discussed various manifestations of an androcentric bias that has shaped research in psychology from its very begin- nings. Other dominant, biasing frames in mainstream psychological research have since been identified, including heterosexism (Braun, 2000), cisgenderism (Ansara Corresponding author: Jyotsna Vaid, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Anxiety, Motivation, and Level Of
    THE EFFECTS OF ANXIETY, MOTIVATION, AND LEVEL OF ABILITY ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. by A. L. Brown, B.A. (Lend). Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in the Faculty of Arts, University of London, 1967. ProQuest Number: 10098130 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10098130 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 2. ABSTRACT This research discusses the various theoretical approaches to the conception of anxiety as a motivational determinant of academic achievement. In particular the theoretical model and experimental investigations of three major research programmes are compared and contrasted:- Drive theory and activation concepts of emotionally based drive; the investigations of situationally specific anxieties, notably test anxiety; and the approach-avoidance achievement motivation model of Atkinson and McClelland. The aim of this investigation was to attempt to clarify the interaction between intellectual capacity, anxiety and performance, both in terms of anxiety to achieve success, conceived as a positive drive, and anxiety to avoid failure, seen as a negative drive.
    [Show full text]
  • The Misogyny of Psychology: a Tribute to Women Often Overlooked
    Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU Honors Projects Honors College Spring 5-8-2020 The Misogyny of Psychology: A Tribute to Women Often Overlooked Gabrielle Miller [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Psychology Commons Repository Citation Miller, Gabrielle, "The Misogyny of Psychology: A Tribute to Women Often Overlooked" (2020). Honors Projects. 519. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects/519 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Table of Contents Preface 3 Mary Whiton Calkins 4 Melanie Klein 5 Karen Horney 6 Leta Stetter Hollingworth 7 Inez Prosser 8 Anna Freud 9 Mary Ainsworth 10 Bernice Neugarten 11 Mamie Phipps Clark 12 Janet Taylor Spence 13 Florence Denmark 14 Bonnie Strickland 15 Afterword 16 References 18 2 | P a g e Preface The basis for this project stemmed from my passion for spreading positive energy. Additionally, my altruistic values provide me with a strong sense of duty to do the right thing at the same time that I believe it is my responsibility to help others, especially because I have been afforded the luxury of a college education although many others do not share this privilege. Under those circumstances, I wanted to speak on the issue of inequal representation of diverse identities, with special attention to the branches of science which historically refused to give due credit to individuals other than straight, white men.
    [Show full text]
  • A Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry Into the Relationship Between Self
    A Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry Into The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Coping Processes of University Students Pauline Hartigan O’Reilly MA(Ed), BSc Supervisors Professor Claire W Lyons Professor John Breen Submitted in accordance with the academic requirements for the Degree of PhD in Education, Mary Immaculate College, September, 2011 ABSTRACT University life brings with it many stressful events, which place varying demands on students. During this time many students leave home for the first time, have a new found social life, a part- time job and also have to contend with the academic expectations associated with third level education. Some individuals are able to deal more readily with these stresses than others. This study set out to identify the relationship between levels of self-esteem and coping processes, utilised by students, with factors such as, age, gender, university programme and the year of programme from an Irish perspective. The research design followed an Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Design. The study comprised of two phases, phase one quantitative followed by phase two qualitative on a study group of 1200 students, 300 chosen randomly from each annual cohort of University of Limerick undergraduates. Using a cross-sectional correlational design, two published questionnaires namely Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Folkman and Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire plus a demographic questionnaire were posted to the selected students. A descriptive qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews with eight students, was used to augment and further explain the quantitative findings arising from phase one of the study. The response rate was 40% (n = 479).
    [Show full text]
  • IAAP Bulletin the International Association of Applied Psychology
    Issue 29: 2 July, 2017 The IAAP Bulletin The International Association of Applied Psychology Hanoi, Vietnam, Site of the First Southeast Asia Regional Conference of Psychology (RCP2017) held from November 28 to December 1, 2017. Editor: Valerie Hearn, USA Email for submissions: vchearn@comcast net AAPNL_C1-C4.inddPNL_C1-C4.indd 1 221/06/171/06/17 112:092:09 PPMM Table of Contents Editorial .................................................................................................................................. 1 The President’s Corner........................................................................................................... 3 My “Outstanding Contributions to the Advancement of Psychology Internationally” ........8 IAAP in the 1970s and 1980s: Leaders in our Association from across the world ...........33 Division News ...................................................................................................................... 38 Call for Nominations for the 2018 Distinguished Professional Contributions Award .......73 2018 Election of Fellows of the International Association of Applied Psychology ...........76 News from India .................................................................................................................. 78 First SE Asia Regional Conference of Psychogy (RCP2017) ............................................79 Report from the IAAP United Nations (UN) Representatives ...........................................80 Commentary: Time Statues ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Psychology Book, Big Ideas Simply Explained
    THE PSYCHOLOGY BOOK THE PSYCHOLOGY BOOK LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI DK LONDON DK DELHI First American Edition 2012 PROJECT ART EDITOR PROJECT ART EDITOR Published in the United States by Amy Orsborne Shruti Soharia Singh DK Publishing SENIOR EDITORS SENIOR ART EDITOR 375 Hudson Street Sam Atkinson, Sarah Tomley Chhaya Sajwan New York, New York 10014 EDITORS MANAGING ART EDITOR 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Cecile Landau, Scarlett O’Hara Arunesh Talapatra 001—181320—Feb/2012 US EDITOR SENIOR EDITOR Copyright © 2012 Rebecca G. Warren Monica Saigal Dorling Kindersley Limited MANAGING ART EDITOR EDITORIAL TEAM All rights reserved. Karen Self Sreshtha Bhattacharya, Gaurav Joshi Without limiting the rights under the MANAGING EDITORS PRODUCTION MANAGER copyright reserved above, no part of Esther Ripley, Camilla Hallinan Pankaj Sharma this publication may be reproduced, ART DIRECTOR DTP MANAGER/CTS stored in or introduced into a retrieval Philip Ormerod Balwant Singh system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, ASSOCIATE DTP DESIGNERS PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Arvind Kumar, Rajesh Singh Adhikari photocopying, recording, or otherwise), Liz Wheeler without the prior written permission of DTP OPERATOR both the copyright owner and the PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Vishal Bhatia above publisher of this book. Jonathan Metcalf Published in Great Britain styling by by Dorling Kindersley Limited. ILLUSTRATIONS STUDIO8 DESIGN A catalog record for this book is James Graham available from the Library of Congress. PICTURE RESEARCH Myriam Megharbi ISBN:978-0-7566-8970-4 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for Printed and bound in China PRODUCTION EDITOR sales promotions, premiums, by Leo Paper Products Ltd Tony Phipps fund-raising, or educational use.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenneth W. Spence
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES K ENNET H W A R T I N B E E Sp ENCE 1907—1967 A Biographical Memoir by AbR A M AMSEL Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1995 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. KENNETH WARTINBEE SPENCE May 6, 1907–January 12, 1967 BY ABRAM AMSEL N 1964 WHEN KENNETH SPENCE moved from the University Iof Iowa to the University of Texas he must have thought he was embarking on a long, new phase of his career. His parents were both long-lived and he was then only in his middle fifties. Three years later, on January 12, 1967, at the age of 59 he died of cancer, ending a distinguished career as a theorist, experimenter, and teacher, and toward the end of his life, as an editor in collaboration with his wife, Janet Taylor Spence.1 PERSONAL HISTORY Spence was born on May 6, 1907, in Chicago, where his father was an electrical engineer. The family moved to Montreal when he was a young child and Kenneth spent his youth and adolescence there. At West Hill High School in an area of Montreal called Notre Dame de Grace he was active in basketball, track, and tennis. Later at McGill Uni- versity he injured his back during track competition and, as part of his therapy and convalescence, he went to live with his grandmother in LaCross, Wisconsin. He attended LaCross Teachers College and majored in physical education.
    [Show full text]
  • OBSERV(4~R Published by the American Psychological Soc I Ety Vol
    OBSERV(4~R Published by the American Psychological Soc i ety Vol. 10, No.2 March 1997 • LendingaHand. .. College professors work with Psychology Is Central at high school students in mentoringprogram .... .......... 8 National Institute on Aging • BilinguaIResearch.. NRC sets new research Premiere aging-research agency supports $50 million in behavioral science priorities for educating children s the proportion of adults over 65 years old continues to grow, issues of aging have with limited English A become increasingly important in the United States in such diverse areas as employ­ proficiency ......................... 12 ment, health care, and social services. Psychological research is playing a central role in addressing such age-related concerns of individuals and the nation as a whole. Consider the significant presence of psychologists at the National Institute on Aging (NIA; the nation's leading government agency devoted to research on adult development and aging), where three out of five associate directors have doctoral degrees in psychology and, in 1996 alone, psychologists were the principal investigators (PIs) on research grants totaling about $50 milJion. While these facts ilJustrate the integral nature of behavioral science to the science of aging and speak to psychology's influence on the Institute, to fully appreciate the level and diversity of psychology's contribution to the NIA mission see the list beginning on page 3 of the 157 extramural psychologist grantees who received supportinFYl996. Though the overwhelming majority oftheNIA' s support of psychological research is Journals Runnin' Late ... devoted to basic science (i.e., understanding the mechanisms of aging), a significant number Due to unforeseen circumstances, the De­ of projects are applied or intervention-oriented.
    [Show full text]
  • Janet T. Spence Receives the 1993 NAS Award for Excellence in Scientific Reviewing
    I Current CXxnments@ EUGENE GARFIELD MTmJTE FOR SCIENTIF\C NFORF.MTIOM SS01 MARKET ST.< PHILADELPHIA, PA 191S4 Janet T. Spence Receives the 1993 NAS Award for Excellence in Scientific Reviewing Number4i October 11, 1993 In 1993, the unofficial “Year of the Woman,” the National Academy of Sci- ences (NAS) chose Janet Taylor Spence, Alma Cowden Madden Professor of Lib- eral Arts and AshbeI Smith Professor of Psychology and Educatiottai Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, as the second female recipient of the NAS Award for Sci- entific Reviewing in the award’s 14-year history. (Virginia Trimble, University of California, Irvine, was the first woman to be honored. She was selected in 1986 for her contributions to the review literature of astronomy and astrophysics. *) In addition, of the 20 individuals distinguished by the 17 NAS awards thk year, Spence was the only woman selected. In a May 1993 Sci- entist interview that focused on these awards, she commented on the growing role Janet Taylor Spence of women in science, suggesting that “we’11 see more women getting awards in the fu- year, on a three-year rotating schedule. Last ture, simply because there’ H be more to year’s recipient was atmospheric chemist choose from.”2 Robert T. Watson, program office director The NAS Award for Scientific Review- in the Earth Science and Applications Di- ing was established in 1979 by IS~ and vision of NASA.3 Alexander N. Glazer, Annual Reviews, inc., Palo Alto, Califor- professor of biochemistry and molecular nia, to honor james Murray Luck, the biology, University of California, Berke- founder of Annual Reviews and its editor- ley, received the prize in 1991.4 in-chief until 1969.
    [Show full text]