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A FORDÍTÁS ALAPJA the Psychology Book Copyright © 2012 Dorling A FORDÍTÁS ALAPJA HVG Könyvek The Psychology Book Kiadóvezető: Budaházy Árpád Felelős szerkesztő: Török Hilda Copyright © 2012 Kiadói szerkesztő: Tanács Eszter Dorling Kindersley Limited A Penguin Random House Company ISBN 978-963-304-315-8 FORDÍTOTTA Minden jog fenntartva. Jelen könyvet © Bányász Réka, 2016 vagy annak részleteit tilos reprodukálni, adatrendszerben tárolni, bármely formában Behaviorizmus vagy eszközzel – elektronikus, Kognitív pszichológia fényképészeti úton vagy más módon – a kiadó engedélye nélkül közölni. Pszichoterápia Kiadja a HVG Kiadó Zrt., Budapest, 2016 © Morvay Krisztina, 2016 Felelős kiadó: Szauer Péter Differenciálpszichológia Fejlődéslélektan Filozófiai gyökerek Szociálpszichológia www.hvgkonyvek.hu Nyomdai előkészítés: Somodi András LEKTORÁLTA Nyomás: TBB, Slovakia dr. Harmat László A WORLD OF IDEAS: SZERKESZTETTE SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW Szőllős Péter www.dk.com ALKOTÓTÁRSAK CATHERINE COLLIN VOULA GRAND Klinikai pszichológus, az angliai Plymouthi Egyetem Üzleti pszichológusként nemzetközi cégek üzletviteli docense, tanácsadóként vett részt a könyv és vezetői tanácsadójaként dolgozik. Első regénye létrejöttében. Catherine érdeklődési területe Honor’s Shadow (Honor árnyéka) címmel jelent meg. elsősorban a mentális egészség és a kognitív viselkedésterápia. NIGEL BENSON MERRIN LAZYAN Egyetemi előadásokat tart filozófiából és Író, szerkesztő és klasszikus énekes, a Harvardon pszichológiából. A pszichológia témakörében több tanult pszichológiát. Számos, különféle témájú regény nagy sikerű könyv, többek között a Psychology for és ismeretterjesztő könyv fűződik a nevéhez. Beginners (Pszichológia kezdőknek) és az Introducing Psychiatry (Pszichiátria másképp) szerzője. JOANNAH GINSBURG MARCUS WEEKS Klinikai pszichológus és újságíró, New York City, Író és zenész. Filozófiát tanult, majd tanárként Boston, Philadelphia és Dallas közösségi kezelési dolgozott, mielőtt írói pályára lépett volna. Számos központjaiban dolgozik. Rendszeresen publikál szépművészeti és népszerű tudományos könyv pszichológiai témájú írásokat. A This Book has Issues létrejöttében működött közre. (Tartalmas kérdések) társszerzője. TARTALOM 32 A mentális élet kezdete az 10 ELŐSZÓ élet kezdete Wilhelm Wundt BEHAVIORIZMUS HOGYAN REAGÁLUNK A 38 Csak addig tudjuk, mi a KÖRNYEZETÜNKRE? FILOZÓFIAI „tudat”, amíg nem kell definiálnunk GYÖKEREK William James 60 Ízletes étel láttán az éhes ember nyáladzani kezd A PSZICHOLÓGIA SZÜLETÉSE 46 A kamaszkor újraszületés Ivan Pavlov G. Stanley Hall 18 A személyiség négy 62 Az eredménytelen csele­ vérmérséklete 48 A megtanultak kedetek törlődnek Pergamoni Galénosz kétharmadát 24 órán belül Edward Thorndike elfelejtjük 20 Gondolkodó lélek lakozik Hermann Ebbinghaus 66 Bárkit bármivé lehet ebben a gépben formálni John B. Watson René Descartes 50 Az emberi intelligencia nem rögzült mennyiség 72 A nagyszerű, istenadta 22 Aludj! Faria abbé Alfred Binet labirintus – a mi világunk Edward Tolman 24 A fogalmak meg­ 54 A tudattalan látja a erősödnek, függöny mögötti férfiakat 74 Ha egy patkány egyszer ha ellent mondanak Pierre Janet meglátogatta búzás­ egymásnak zsákunkat, bizonyára Johann Friedrich Herbart visszatér Edwin Guthrie 26 Légy önmagad! 75 Mi sem természetesebb, Søren Kierkegaard mint az, hogy a macska „szereti” a patkányt 28 A személyiséget az Zing-Yang Kuo öröklés és a környezet határozza meg 76 A tanulás egyszerűen nem Francis Galton lehetséges Karl Lashley 30 A hisztéria törvényei 77 A bevésődés egyetemesek felejthetetlen Konrad Lorenz Jean-Martin Charcot 78 A viselkedést a pozitív és 31 A psziché belső negatív megerősítés kapcsolatainak sajátságos formálja B. F. Skinner károsodása Emil Kraepelin 86 Hagyd abba a jelenet elkép­ zelését, és lazíts! Joseph Wolpe 130 A boldog élet egy folyamat, és nem PSZICHOTERÁPIA létállapot Carl Rogers KOGNITÍV A TUDATTALAN MEGHATÁROZZA A VISELKEDÉST 138 Az embernek ki kell PSZICHOLÓGIA bontakoztatnia A SZÁMÍTÓ AGY adottságait 92 A tudattalan az igazi Abraham Maslow 160 Az ösztön egy dinamikus pszichikai valóság mintázat Sigmund Freud 140 A szenvedés megszűnik Wolfgang Köhler szenvedés lenni, amint 100 A neurotikus ember megtaláljuk az értelmét 162 Egy feladat megszakítása állandóan magával cipeli Viktor Frankl nagymértékben javítja a kisebbrendűségi érzést annak esélyét, hogy Alfred Adler 141 Fájdalom nélkül senki emlékezzünk rá nem válik teljes emberré Bluma Zeigarnik 102 A kollektív tudattalan Rollo May archetípusokat tartalmaz 163 Amikor a baba lépteket Carl Jung 142 A racionális hiedelmek hall, egy sejtcsoportosulás egészséges érzelmi ingerlődik 108 Az élet­ és a halálösztön következményekkel Donald Hebb közötti harc egész életünk járnak Albert Ellis folyamán dúl Melanie Klein 164 A tudás folyamat, nem 146 A család a „gyár”, ahol az pedig termék 110 A „kellene” zsarnoksága ember készül Virginia Satir Jerome Bruner Karen Horney 148 Kapcsolódj be, hangolódj 166 Az ember meggyőződését 111 A felettes én csak akkor rá, lépj ki! Timothy Leary nehéz megváltoztatni válik nyilvánvalóvá, Leon Festinger amikor ellenségesen száll 149 A belátás vakságot szembe az énnel okozhat 168 A mágikus hetes szám, Anna Freud Paul Watzlawick plusz vagy mínusz kettő George Armitage Miller 112 Az igazság csak akkor 150 Az őrület nem feltétlenül elviselhető, ha magunk összeomlás – áttörés is 174 A felszín több, mint fedezzük fel Fritz Perls lehet aminek látszik R. D. Laing Aaron Beck 118 Köztudottan helytelen hazavinni egy örökbe 152 Történetünk nem 178 Egyszerre csak egy fogadott gyereket, és határozza meg sorsunkat hangra tudunk odafigyelni szeretni Boris Cyrulnik Donald Broadbent Donald Winnicott 154 Csak a jó emberek lesznek 186 Az idő nyila hurokká 122 A tudattalan a Másik depressziósak görbült beszéde Jacques Lacan Dorothy Rowe Endel Tulving 124 Az ember legfőbb 155 Az apák a csend 192 Az észlelés kívülről feladata, hogy megszülje törvényének vannak irányított hallucináció önmagát Erich Fromm alávetve Guy Corneau Roger N. Shepard SZOCIÁL­ PSZICHOLÓGIA MÁSOK VILÁGÁBAN 218 Nem érthetünk meg addig egy rendszert, 193 Mindenhol ok­okozati amíg meg nem összefüggéseket keresünk próbáljuk Daniel Kahneman meg változtatni Kurt Lewin 194 Az eseményeket és az érz­­ el­ meket együtt tároljuk 224 Mennyire erős a hajlam a em lékezetünkben társadalmi konformitásra? Gordon H. Bower Solomon Asch 238 Nem a tudás gyarapítása, 196 Érzelmeink olyanok, mint egy 228 Az élet drámai színjáték hanem a tudással elszabadult vonat Paul Ekman Erving Goffman rendelkezők körébe tartozás a cél 198 Az extázis egy lépés egy 230 Minél többet látod, annál Serge Moscovici alternatív valóság felé jobban szereted Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Robert Zajonc 240 Természetszerűleg társas lények vagyunk 200 A boldog emberek 236 Ki szereti a kompetens William Glasser nagyszerű társasági nőket? lények Martin Seligman Janet Taylor Spence 242 Azt hisszük, mindenki azt kapja, amit meg­ 202 Amit teljes szívünkkel 237 A vakuemlékezetet érdemel Melvin Lerner hiszünk, az nem feltétlenül a magas érzelmi igaz Elizabeth Loftus töltetű események 244 Az őrült tetteket elkövetők váltják ki még nem feltétlenül 208 Az emlékezet hét bűne Roger Brown őrültek Elliot Aronson Daniel Schacter 246 Az emberek azt teszik, 210 Az ember nem azonos amit mondanak nekik saját gondolataival Stanley Milgram Jon Kabat-Zinn 254 Mi történik, ha egy jó 211 Félő, hogy a biológia ember gonosz helyre kerül? megfosztja nimbuszától Philip Zimbardo mindazt, amit szentnek tartunk Steven Pinker 256 A traumát az egyén és a társadalom 212 A kényszeres viselkedési kap csolatának rituálék próbálkozások a viszonylatában kell tudatba betörő gondolatok megérteni kontrollálására Paul Salkovskis Ignacio Martín-Baró 284 A lányok jobb jegyeket 322 Három fő motiváció kapnak, mint a fiúk mozgatja a teljesítményt FEJLŐDÉS­ Eleanor E. Maccoby David C. McClelland LÉLEKTAN 286 A legtöbb emberi 324 Az érzelem lényegében CSECSEMŐKORTÓL viselkedésformát tudattalan folyamat modellezésen keresztül Nico Frijda A FELNŐTTKORIG sajátítjuk el Albert Bandura 326 Környezeti visszajelzés 262 Az oktatás célja új dolgok 292 Az erkölcsiség hat nélkül a viselkedés véghezvitelére képes szakaszban fejlődik ki abszurdan kaotikus lenne férfiak és nők kinevelése Lawrence Kohlberg Walter Mischel Jean Piaget 294 A nyelvi szerv a test többi 328 A pszichiátriákon nem 270 Mások révén válunk szervéhez hasonlóan tudjuk megkülönböztetni önmagunkká Lev Vigotszkij fejlődik Noam Chomsky az épelméjűt az őrülttől David Rosenhan 271 A gyermek nem 298 Az autizmus a férfiagy lekötelezettje szüleinek szélsőséges 330 Éva három arca Bruno Bettelheim megnyilvánulása Thigpen és Cleckley Simon Baron-Cohen 272 Minden növekedés mögött megalapozott terv van FÜGGELÉK Erik Erikson DIFFERENCIÁL­ 334 Pályatársak 274 A gyermekkori érzelmi PSZICHOLÓGIA kötődés az emberi SZEMÉLYISÉG ÉS 340 Fogalomtár természet szerves része INTELLIGENCIA 344 Jegyzetek a magyar John Bowlby kiadáshoz 278 A kontaktusból származó 304 Hányféleképpen 347 Magyarul megjelent művek biztonság kiemelkedően használható fontos Harry Harlow a fogpiszkáló? 349 Köszönetnyilvánítás J. P. Guilford 351 Név­ és tárgymutató 279 Olyan életre készítjük fel a gyermekeinket, 306 Péntek megjelenése amelyről semmit sem teljesítette ki Robinson tudunk Crusoe Françoise Dolto személyiségvonásait? Gordon Allport 280 Az érzékeny anya biztonságos kötődést 314 Az általános intelligencia alakít ki folyékony és kristályos Mary Ainsworth intelligenciából áll Raymond Cattell 282 Ki tanítja a gyermekeket arra, hogy féljék és 316 Az őrület és a zsenialitás gyűlöljék egy másik rassz között kapcsolat
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