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Matra Pembaruan 2 (1) (2018): 27-38 P����������� K������ A������ MATRA P������� K��������� S������ PEMBARUAN Yusuf Asyahri 1 1 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, UIN Antasari Banjarmasin www.matrapembaruan.com Syafril 2 2 ASMI Citra Nusantara Banjarmasin e-ISSN: 2549-5283 Dikirim: 14 Februari 2018; Direvisi: 7 Maret 2018; Disetujui: 30 p-ISSN: 2549-5151 Maret 2018 Matra Pembaruan 2 (1) (2018): 27-38 Abstact DOI: 10.21787/mp.2.1.2018.27-38 Economic disparity between regions is a common aspect in the economic activities of a region. This inequality is basically caused by differences in natural resource content and differences in demographic Keywords: Economic Potential, conditions in each region. The inequality is then the reason for the birth of Economic Gap, Economic Sector, Regional Regulation of South Kalimantan No. 9 of 2000 on South Kalimantan Mainstay Area Spatial Planning. Therefore, this study is an economic study to see and compare the economic potentials of the mainstay of South Kalimantan Kata Kunci: Potensi Ekonomi, Province as well as whether or not the Regulation No. 9 of 2000 is correct. Kesenjangan Ekonomi, Sektor Ekonomi, Research Methods are quantitative descriptive. Data collection techniques Kawasan Andalan used literature study and analytical techniques using LQ, Regional Typology, Williamson Index and Theil Entropy. The result of the analysis shows that the inappropriate area becomes the mainstay area with regional typology analysis only Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU), Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS), Banjar Regency, and Balangan Regency. Because these areas are included in *Korespondensi Quadrant III. Economic disparities in the areas of Kandangan and Mainstay Phone : +62 81348228235 area can not be determined as a reliable area. Therefore, the division of the Email : [email protected] Mainstay Area as in the Regulation of Kalimantan Seelatan No 9 of 2000 on South Kalimantan Spatial Plan needs to be reviewed. Intisari Ketimpangan ekonomi antar wilayah merupakan aspek yang umum terjadi dalam kegiatan ekonomi suatu daerah. Ketimpangan ini pada dasarnya disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan kandungan sumber daya alam dan perbedaan kondisi demogr yang terdapat pada masing-masing wilayah. Ketimpangan tersebut yang kemudian menjadi alasan lahirnya Peraturan Daerah Kalimantan Selatana�i No 9 Tahun 2000 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kalimantan Selatan. Oleh karena itu, Penelitian ini merupakan kajian ekonomi untuk melihat dan membandingkan berbagai potensi ekonomi kawasan andalan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan serta tepat atau tidaknya Perda No 9 tahun 2000 tersebut. Metode Penelitian BADAN PENELITIAN DAN bersifaf deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan PENGEMBANGAN (BPP) studi kepustakaan dan teknik analisis menggunakan LQ, Tipologi Daerah, KEMENTERIAN DALAM Indeks Williamson dan Entropi Theil. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Kawasan NEGERI yang tidak layak menjadi kawasan andalan dengan analisis tipologi daerah hanya Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU), Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS), Jl. Kramat Raya No 132, Jakarta Pusat Kabupaten Banjar, serta Kabupaten Balangan. Disebabkan daerah-daerah 10450 tersebut masuk dalam kuadran III. Kesenjangan ekonomi daerah-daerah Kawasan Andalan Kandangan dan sekitarnya belum bisa ditentukan © Yusuf Asyahri, Syafril sebagai kawasan andalan. Untuk itu pembagian Kawasan Andalan sebagaimana dalam Perda Kalimantan Seelatan No 9 Tahun 2000 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kalimantan Selatan perlu ditinjau ulang. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 27 subsektor tanaman bahan makanan. Analisis LQ dan SSA yang dilakukannya menunjukkan tanaman padi I. Pendahuluan dan jagung menjadi komoditas unggulan. Sementara Penetapan kawasan andalan Provinsi sarana prasarana pendukung kegiatan agroindustri Kalimantan Selatan dipandang sebagai kawasan sangat kurang. Rumusan strategi dalam penelitian prioritas pemerataan pembangunan dan dapat ini yaitu peningkatan infrastruktur atau sarana mendorong potensi ekonomi serta mengurangi prasarana yang dapat memperlancar konektivitas ketimpangan regional antardaerah untuk antar wilayah di Kawasan Andalan Kandangan dan mewujudkan pemerataan yang berkesinambungan. pemerintah sebagai aktor utama pengembangan Pemerintah Kalimantan Selatan membentuk agroindustri. Selain Siska, Penelitian Sutikno kawasan andalan yang dilandasakan sebagai dan Maryunani (2007) menjelaskan: bahwa pengembangan dan pemerataan pembangunan. dampak kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Kota Ketiga kawasan andalan tersebut adalah 1) Malang yang mengacu pada konsep pembangunan Kawasan Andalan Kandangan meliputi wilayah daerah dengan melihat potensi ekonominya, Kawasan Banua Anam karena Kabupaten Balangan sehingga memiberikan prioritas untuk dijadikan merupakan daerah pemekaran dari Kabupaten pusat pengembangan. Dengan adanya kebijakan Hulu Sungai Utara sehingga Banua Anam terdiri pembangunan daerah diharapkan kegiatan ekonomi dari Kabupaten Balangan, Hulu Sungai Utara, Hulu Kabupaten Malang tidak terkonsentrasikan pada Sungai Tengah, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Tabalong satu titik pengembangan. dan Kabupaten Tapin. 2) Kawasan Andalan Hasil penelitian Syahza dan Suarman (2013) Banjarmasin meliputi wilayah Banjarbakula terdiri dari Kota Banjarmasin, Kabupaten Barito menyimpulkan, salah satu strategi pengembangan Kuala, Kota Banjarbaru, Kabupaten Banjar dan desa tertinggal di kabupaten Bengkalis, adalah Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Dan 3) Kawasan Andalan dengan pembangunan sektor pertanian berbasis Batulicin meliputi Wilayah Kabupaten Kota Baru agribisnis, karena sebagian besar penduduknya dan Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. merupakan petani dan nelayan. Dalam upaya Keunggulan komparatif dalam pengembangan memacu pembangunan dari sisi aspek ekonomi daerah yang kemudian menjadi Kawasan Andalan dan sosial di daerah tertinggal, maka program pada dasarnya untuk mengurangi kesenjangan pembangunan perdesaan harus memprioritaskan antardaerah melalui pengembangan kegiatan tiga aspek utama, yaitu peningkatan ekonomi rakyat ekonomi yang diandalkan sebagai motor penggerak (untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan), peningkatan wilayah. Kawasan Andalan diharapkan menjadi kualitas sumberdaya manusia (untuk mengentaskan pusat dan pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi bagi kebodohan), serta pembangunan infrastruktur. kawasan sekitarnya. Ketimpangan ekonomi antar Selain itu, hasil penelitian Yasa (2010), wilayah merupakan aspek yang umum terjadi dalam mengungkapkan pola pertumbuhan ekonomi kegiatan ekonomi suatu daerah. Permasalahan Kabupaten Klungkung periode 2008-2010, yang tersebut yang menjadi alasan lahirnya Perda No berada pada zona daerah makmur relatif menurun. No 9 Tahun 2000 mengenai Rencana Tata Ruang Sektor ekonomi potensial yang dikembangkan di Wilayah Kalimantan Selatan. Ketimpangan ini daerah tersebut yaitu sektor bangunan dan jasa. pada dasarnya disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan Dari sektor-sektor tersebut muncul beberapa kandungan sumber daya alam dan perbedaan sub sektor yang potensial, yaitu sub sektor jasa swasta. Pasalnya, peluang/kesempatan kerja yang masing wilayah (Sjafrizal, 2008, p. 14) diciptakan sektor bangunan rata-rata hanya 3,01% kondisiPenelitian demografi ini difokuskan yang terdapat pada pengembanganpada masing- dan sektor jasa rata-rata 5,96%, masih sangat masing-masing kawasan serta perlu atau tidaknya minim bila dibandingkan dengan jumlah penduduk dilakukan revisi terhadap Perda No 9 Tahun 2000. Kabupaten Klungkung. Peninjauan kembali Perda dimaksudkan untuk Beberapa penelitian terdahulu hanya berkaitan mengurangi adanya kesenjangan antardaerah dengan potensi ekonomi serta pengembangan dengan pemerataan pembangunan, yang daerah. Terdapat perbedaan yang membuat didasarkan pada keadaan ekonomi di setiap daerah penelitian ini menarik untuk dikaji. Penelitian di dalam Kawasan Andalan tersebut. Penelitian ini tidak hanya menyinggung potensi ekonomi mengenai pengembangan daerah atau potensi dengan membandingkan daerah-daerah yang ekonomi daerah sejatinya sudah pernah dilakukan. ada di Kawasan Andalan Provinsi Kalimantan Di antaranya oleh Siska,et.al (2015), Sutikno Selatan, tetapi juga mengaitkan dengan Perda dan Maryunani (2007), Syahza dan Suarman No 9 Tahun 2000 mengenai Rencana Tata Ruang (2013), Erawati dan Yasa (2012). Siska,et.al Wilayah, yang dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi (2015) menganalisis entropi yang menunjukkan kesenjangan ekonomi daerah-daerah Kawasan perkembangan ekonomi Kawasan Andalan Andalan. Oleh karena itu di bagian pembahasan Kandangan didominasi oleh sektor pertanian, yaitu akan melihat kesenjangan ekonomi yang dianalisi Matra Pembaruan 2 (1) (2018): 27-38 28 dari metode Tipologi Klassen (Daerah), kemudian Sebaliknya bila nilai indeks entropi Theil semakin Analisis Indeks Williamson dan Entropi Theil, menjauh dari nol maka terjadi ketimpangan yang serta akan menjelaskan analisis ketepatan dalam besar (Kuncoro, 2004). pemilihan pusat pertumbuhan dan ketepatan dalam menentukan kawasan andalan sebagaimana Perda III. Hasil dan Pembahasan No 9 Tahun 2000 mengenai Rencana Tata Ruang Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan salah satu Wilayah Kalimantan Selatan. proses pengembangan wilayah. Perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kawasan Andalan II. Metode memperlihatkan gejala transisi atau peralihan Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode dari masyarakat ekonomi yang berbasis pertanian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. menuju masyarakat ekonomi dengan tingkat Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kawasan Andalan produktivitas tinggi dan produktif tidak hanya Provinsi Kalimantan
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