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A. Misbahruddin Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi ... A. Misbahruddin PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK) OLEH RUMAH TANGGA UNTUK KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) UTILIZATION BY THE HOUSEHOLD FOR DAILY ACTIVITY A. Misbahruddin Balai Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Komunikasi dan Informatika Banjarmasin Jl. Yos Sudarso No. 29 Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan; Telp. (0511) 3353849 Email: [email protected] diterima: 2 Mei 2014 | direvisi: 16 Mei 2014 | disetujui: 20 Mei 2014 ABSTRACT Research of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) utilization by the household for daily activity beheld at South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and Central Sulawesi. The Research objective to knowing the ICT (utilization) by household to daily activity. This research using descriptive method, with the location be determined purposively. For South Kalimantan, research location at Banjarmasin City, Balangan Regency, South Hulu Sungai Regency, Kotabaru Regency, for Central Kalimantan is a: Palangkaraya City, East Kotawaringin Regency, East Barito Regency. For Central Sulawesi research location at: Palu City Donggala Regency, Poso Regency, and Buol Regency. The respondents determining with disproportional strata sampling, that is a some society were living at selected of RT/RW as much as 704 people, who’s selected by the random house each 8 homes, using the systematic sampling with 8 people in every RT. The research result showing the ICT utilization for daily activity very varies, among other for search social society information, health, opening the social networking services, learning activity, sent and received email, downloading movie, music, listening the music, and all. But in term of the ICT ownership, mainly not have the ICT access. So that to can accessing the internet at office, school, friend house, family house, internet café, and through mobile phone. The Local Government should be provide the free internet access to society to can accessing daily life information. Keyword : Utilization, Internet, Daily activity ABSTRAK Penelitian pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) oleh rumah tangga untuk kehidupan sehari-hari berlokasi di Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah dan Sulawesi Tengah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan TIK (Internet) oleh rumah tangga untuk kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif, dengan lokasi ditentukan secara purposif, untuk Kalimantan Selatan: Kota Banjarmasin. Kabupaten Balangan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan. Kabupaten Kotabaru, Kalimantan Tengah: Kota Palangkaraya Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur, Kabupaten Barito Timur. Sulawesi Tengah: Kota Palu. Kabupaten Donggala, Kabupaten Poso dan Kabupaten Buol. Responden ditentukan secara sampling strata disprosional yaitu masyarakat yang tinggal di RT/RW terpilih sebanyak 704 orang, yang dipilih secara acak masing-masing 8 Rumah Tangga (RT) menggunakan teknik systematic sampling dengan rincian masing-masing RT 8 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemanfaatan TIK untuk kehidupan sehari-hari sangat bervariasi, antara lain untuk mencari informasi masalah sosial kemasyarakatan, mencari informasi mengenai kesehatan, membuka situs jejaring sosial, melakukan aktivitas belajar, mengirim dan menerima email, mengundul film, music, mendengarkan musik, dan lain sebagainya. Namun dari segi kepemilikan TIK sebagian besar belum memiliki. Sehingga untuk keperluan akses internet lebih banyak dilakukan di tempat lain seperti kantor, sekolah/kampus, rumah teman, rumah saudara, warung internet (Warnet) dan melalui telepon selular. Hendaknya pemerintah daerah, dalam hal ini instansi terkait menyediakan fasilitasi internet secara gratis bagi masyarakat untuk mengakses berbagai informasi untuk menunjang kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci : Pemanfaatan, Internet, Kehidupan Sehari-hari 1 Jurnal Penelitian Pers dan Komunikasi Pembangunan Vol. 18 No.1 Juni 2014: 1-16 I. PENDAHULUAN sektor unggulan karena Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang menyulitkan terjadinya Perkembangan zaman di era globalisasi diseminasi informasi dengan cepat, sehingga memang bisa memudahkan segala aktivitas kita, disini dibutuhkan peranan TIK untuk di setiap waktu ada saja suatu manfaat baru yang menghilangkan penghalang geografis. bisa kita dapatkan dari adanya perkembangan Karena seperti diketahui saat ini informasi teknologi. Jika kita memang hidup sebagai merupakan salah satu asset yang memainkan manusia masa depan, seharusnya kita tahu dan peran penting disegala aspek kehidupan, nyaris mampu menggunakan semua manfaat teknologi tak ada lagi batasan ruang dan waktu. Dengan informasi untuk berbagai hal yang mempermudah demikian peranan TIK diperlukan dalam rangka sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas hidup kita. mendukung pemerataan pembangunan disetiap Teknologi Informasi didefinisikan sebagai daerah agar kita tidak makin tertinggal teknologi pengolahan dan penyebaran data dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain. Sebagai menggunakan perangkat keras (hardware) dan sebuah negara berkembang, sesungguhnya perangkat lunak (software), komputer, Indonesia telah meletakkan TIK sebagai salah satu komunikasi, dan perangkat elektronik digital. komponen penting pembangunan nasional. Perkembangan teknologi informasi sangat Dilihat dari pertumbuhan TIK, penelitian pesat karena dipicu oleh kebutuhan informasi yang dilakukan Nata (2007) menemukan bahwa secara cepat, tepat, dan terkini. Teknologi investasi TIK di Indonesia baik pada informasi telah menjadi fasilitas utama dalam telekomunikasi dan hardware maupun software berbagai sektor kehidupan dimana memberikan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap andil besar pada perubahan-perubahan yang pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia dan mendasar pada manajemen organisasi, tingkat pertumbuhan investasi TIK yang tinggi pendidikan, transportasi, kesehatan, dan telah memicu adanya pertumbuhan ekonomi pendidikan. Indonesia yang tinggi pula. Peningkatan kualitas hidup semakin Hardware memiliki peranan yang kuat jika menuntut manusia untuk melakukan berbagai ditinjau dari segi fisiknya sedangkan software aktivitas yang dibutuhkan dengan memiliki kontribusi yang tinggi dari segi mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang dimilikinya. pelayanan jasanya. Berdasarkan laporan dari Secara tanpa disadari, sebagian aktivitas yang World Bank rasio pemanfaatan TIK dibandingkan dilakukan oleh manusia telah didukung oleh dengan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia pada tahun Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) baik 2009 yaitu rasio sambungan telpon tetap adalah secara langsung maupun tidak langsung telah 14,77 per 100 penduduk atau 33.957.892 orang. mengubah cara hidup, cara belajar, cara bekerja Rasio pelanggan telepon selular adalah 69,25 dan cara bermain kita. Perkembangan per 100 penduduk. Teledensitas pengguna zaman di era globalisasi Di Indonesia TIK telepon Indonesia pada periode 2005-2007 seharusnya sangat potensial untuk dijadikan 2 Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi ... A. Misbahruddin meningkat dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan yang sambungan) telepon kabel. Persentase rumah lebih rendah yaitu sekitar 34,24% per tahun. tangga yang memiliki telepon kabel di perkotaan Walaupun pertumbuhannya rendah, tetapi dalam lebih besar daripada di desa. Sekitar 24,5% dari periode tersebut peningkatan teledensitas selular rumah tangga perkotaan memiliki fasilitas telepon mengalami pertumbuhan yang lebih pesat dengan kabel, sedangkan diperdesaan baru sekitar 3,7%. rata-rata pertumbuhan38,48 % dibandingkan Sekitar 37,6% dari rumah tangga Indonesia telah dengan telepon tetap dengan rata rata memiliki fasiltas (minimum satu nomor) telepon pertumbuhan 19,85%. nirkabel, dalam hal ini bisa merupakan selular Pertumbuhan pelanggan jaringan telepon maupun telepon tetap lokal berbasis nirkabel tetap menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat tajam (fixed wireless access). Persentase rumah tangga antara telepon tetap kabel dengan telepon tetap yang memiliki telepon nirkabel di perkotaan lebih bergerak. Jumlah pelanggan jaringan tetap kabel besar daripada di desa. menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan dalam Sekitar 55% dari rumah tangga perkotaan lima tahun terakhir. Setelah peningkatan pada memiliki fasilitas telepon kabel, sedangkan di tahun 2006, jumlah pelanggan telepon tetap terus perdesaan baru sekitar 24,3%. Sedangkan menurun pada tahun 2009 dengan penurunan rata- penggunaan terhadap produk teknologi informasi rata 1,2% pertahun. pada tahun 2007 sekitar 5,9% dari rumah tangga Dibandingkan tahun 2005, jumlah pelanggan Indonesia telah memiliki fasilitas komputer,baik telepon tetap kabel pada tahun 2009 telah yang berupa komputer personal (PC) maupun menurun sebesar 3,3%. Apabila dilihat dari laptop. Persentase rumah tangga yang memiliki perkembangan indikator TIK yang terus komputer di perkotaan lebih besar daripada di meningkat dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir desa. Sekitar11,5% dari rumah tangga perkotaan seharusnya Indonesia bisa menjadikan sektor TIK memiliki fasilitas komputer, sedangkan sebagai salah satu sektor yang dapat diandalkan diperdesaan baru sekitar 1,6%. dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan Berdasarkan Susenas BPS pada tahun 2007, pemerataan pembangunan melalui pemerataan baru sekitar 5,9% rumah tangga Indonesia (diseminas informasi). Namun kenyataannya memiliki komputer. Dari sejumlah rumah tangga perkembangan pesat tersebut hanya terjadi untuk yang memiliki komputer tersebut, sebagian besar wilayah perkotaan terutama kota-kota besar saja atau sekitar 84,5% merupakan rumah tangga di sedangkan untuk wilayah pedesaan
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