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Fuzzy Logic Approach for Post-Mining Land Use Planning: a Case Study on Coal Mine of Pt

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Fuzzy Logic Approach for Post-Mining Land Use Planning: a Case Study on Coal Mine of Pt INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 20, No. 2, October 2017 : 81 - 91 FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH FOR POST-MINING LAND USE PLANNING: A CASE STUDY ON COAL MINE OF PT. ADARO INDONESIA-SOUTH KALIMANTAN PENDEKATAN FUZZY LOGIC UNTUK PERENCANAAN PASCATAMBANG: STUDI KASUS PADA TAMBANG BATUBARA PT. ADARO INDONESIA-KALIMANTAN SELATAN MOHAMAD ANIS12,*, ARIFUDIN IDRUS2, HENDRA AMIJAYA2, and SUBAGYO3 1 Directorate General of Mineral and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Jalan Prof. Dr. Soepomo, SH, No. 10, Jakarta, 12870, Indonesia, Ph. (+6221) 8295608 e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Geological Engineering Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281 3 Department of Mechanical and Industry Engineering Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281. ABSTRACT Currently coal companies, especially in South Kalimantan, have not yet been or only slightly entered the post-mining stage, although part of the mining blocks have been totally exploited, so that the company should have been preparing for the development of other sectors (non-mining). It shows that optimization of coal resources from exploration, mining to post-mining land use is necessary to ensure sustainable mining and sustainable development in terms of meeting the conservation aspect. To meet all aspects of conservation, the achievement of optimization in a series of mining business activities is started from the potential optimization of the coal remain resources until the optimization of post-mining land use is absolutely required. This research has analyzed several alternative sectors outside mining, which will be selected for optimization of utilization or post-mining land use, including plantation, recreation, industry and conservation sectors. The analyzing process used several parameters to assess the selected sectors including rainfall, slope and land use. Therefore, this study uses an approach of GIS-based methods (knowledge-driven), mainly fuzzy logic for post-mining land use planning. The selected mining area for this study belongs to PT. Adaro Indonesia company that has a Work Agreement for Coal Mining Exploitation. The result shows the suitability of plantation for the optimization of land use in all mining sites and also for conservation areas or protected forests. Keywords: optimization, land use, post-mining, fuzzy logic ABSTRAK Saat ini banyak perusahaan batubara terutama di Kalimantan Selatan belum ada atau hanya sedikit yang memasuki tahap pascatambang, walaupun sebagian blok tambang telah selesai dieksploitasi, sehingga perusahaan tersebut seharusnya sudah mempersiapkan pengembangan sektor lainnya (di luar sektor pertambangan). Hal tersebut menunjukkan tingkat optimalisasi sumber daya batubara mulai dari eksplorasi, penambangan sampai dengan pemanfaatan lahan pascatambang mutlak diperlukan untuk menjamin pertambangan berkelanjutan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam memenuhi aspek konservasi. Jadi, pencapaian optimalisasi dalam suatu rangkaian kegiatan usaha pertambangan adalah mulai dari optimalisasi potensi sumber daya sisa batubara sampai dengan optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan pascatambang mutlak dilakukan untuk memenuhi segala aspek konservasi. Penelitian ini telah menganalisis beberapa sektor alternatif di luar pertambangan yang akan dipilih untuk optimalisasi Received: 22 September 2017, first revision: 06 October 2017, second revision: 27 October 2017, accepted: 29 October 2017. 81 This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 20, No. 2, October 2017 : 81 - 91 pemanfaatan atau penggunaan lahan pascatambang, termasuk sektor perkebunan, rekreasi, industri dan konservasi. Studi ini menggunakan beberapa parameter untuk menilai sektor yang akan dipilih meliputi faktor curah hujan, kemiringan dan penggunaan lahan. Sehubungan dengan hal ini digunakan pendekatan metode berbasis GIS terutama logika fuzzy untuk perencanaan penggunaan lahan pascatambang. Wilayah pertambangan yang dipilih untuk penelitian ini adalah milik PT. Adaro Indonesia, sebagai pemegang izin Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara. Hasilnya menunjukkan kesesuaian perkebunan untuk optimalisasi penggunaan lahan di semua lokasi pertambangan dan juga sebagian kecil lahan untuk kawasan konservasi atau hutan lindung. Kata kunci: optimalisasi, penggunaan lahan, pascatambang, fuzzy logic INTRODUCTION preserve the function of the environment, and ensure the sustainability of development The management capability in optimizing coal for the community. resources, will ultimately influence the success of sustainable mining and Optimization of land use related to the sustainable development. One of these achievement of sustainable development is successes is that a company has considered indicated by the level of reduction of factors for determining the purpose or dependence on the mining sector and the direction of designation after reclamation development of other sectors for the growth (Wang and Zhang, 2008; Wang, Liu and Xu, of new economic areas in post-mining land. 2008; Luppens et al., 2009; Liu, Ye and Qi, The development of sectors outside the mine 2012; Hao et al., 2013). Therefore, it can be can be evaluated with common parameters determined the steps of environmental such as land use, slope and rainfall that can management and monitoring activities in influence the sustainable development with achieving the reclamation success after post- reference to the recommended parameters of mining stage. This is also adapted to the previous studies. socio-economic conditions of the communities surrounding coal companies in This study analyzes the suitability of land for general that depend on the plantation and land use optimization and also by agriculture sectors based on a review of data considering used several parameters to from Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan assess, which a sector will be selected, Pusat Statistik, 2014). It also encourages including rainfall, slope and land use factors mining companies to give priority of the land (Watson, 2002; Craynon, 2011; Sharma, use for the plantation area, which is the 2011). This study is limited in the analysis of development of optimization modelling to optimization of conformity or land use using illustrate the above series whose estuary, that several criteria. Some of the main criteria is a series of conservation policies (Wang comprise such as rainfall, slope and limits of and Zhang, 2008; Wang, Liu and Xu, 2008; land administration/infrastructure. In this Luppens et al., 2009; Liu, Ye and Qi, 2012; analysis, it must first determine the output, Hao et al., 2013). because this study aims to optimize the mining area for sectors outside mining The success of reclamation is very supportive activities or sustainable development, then to determine the allotment of post-mining land the output selected according to related in accordance with the needs of the statistics in the area of plantation, surrounding community of mining activities. recreation, industry and conservation. While the success of the company in preparing communities around the mine, Fuzzy logic method has been widely used to socially and economically contributes to the assist in decision-making process. Fuzzy set independence of the community. was first developed in 1965 by Prof. Lotfi A. Zadeh. This theory has been widely Setiabudi and Hutamadi (2003) stated that developed and applied in various real the Conservation of Minerals Materials problems. This method often begins with (COMM) is essentially a safeguard, repair and developed based on a number of rules and use of mined materials wisely that can defined by decision makers (Lotfi et al., provide high economic and social benefits, 1974 in Nugroho and Hartati, 2012). 82 Fuzzy Logic Approach for Post-Mining Land Use Palnning: A Case Study … Mohamad Anis et al. METHODOLOGY 1). The total area of this company is 35,800.80 hectares (Directorate General of This study developed a model for the Mineral and Coal, 2014). determination of land suitability (plantation, industry, conservation/ protected forest, and The analysis method is a combination of recreational land) using the above-described geographic information system (GIS) and theories of fuzzy logic. The object of this fuzzylogic analysis methods, which has research took a case study at several coal been applied to test all research related companies that had mining licenses of Work factors. The purpose of the analysis can be Agreement for Coal Mining Exploitation (or described simultaneously with the stages of abbreviated as PKP2B in Bahasa) in South the main analysis method, which is the GIS Kalimantan. modelling analysis method. The results of the expected analysis are for land Several coal mining companies included in development or post-mining land PKP2B (Contract of Work) are still active in optimization in the framework of sustainable South Kalimantan (about 14 companies), in development. The same thing can be which PT. Adaro Indonesia was selected for determined by overlaying maps approaches this study. The company site is located in related to the optimization of land use. Balangan and Tabalong Regencies, South Surely, it must first set the initial criteria for Kalimantan The site is approximately 220 the optimization of land suitability (fuzzy km from Banjarmasin to the north and it can logic). This study uses Arc-gis 10.2 software be reached by 6-hour road trip. While the with added fuzzy logic packages that have location of crushing plant and the port of been available, including
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