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Emmanuel Tsouderos Archive Factsheet

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Emmanuel Tsouderos Archive Factsheet Archival description factsheet, p.1/2 Archive of Emmanuel Tsouderos Biographical note: Bank should remain a commercial bank ARCHIVE Emmanuel Tsouderos was born in and that a new, purely note-issuing bank Rethymno, Crete, in 1882. He studied should be established. His proposal was Reference Code: law at the University of Athens, gradu- accepted by the Financial Committee, GR IATE A3 ating as a Doctor of Law of the Athens the National Bank and the Greek govern- Law School, before going on to study ment under A. Zaimis. By the Decree of Dates: economics in Paris and London. He was 21.4.1928, E. Tsouderos was appointed 1841-1947 (predominant 1919-1947) elected member of the Cretan Parliament Deputy Governor of the newly estab- for the constituency of Rethymno (1906- lished Bank of Greece, a position he held Extent: 1912) and was later appointed Vice- until his appointment as Governor, rat- 4.50 linear metres President and representative in Athens ified by the Decree of 31.10.1931. On 272 document files of the Cretan Assembly (1911-1912). In 31.5.1935, he resigned from the posi- 21 photographs 1912, he was appointed Commissioner tion of Governor, for health reasons. 1 audio record for Public Security and Public Works in His second term of office started with the Cretan Administrative Committee. the issuance of the Royal Decree of Source of acquisition: Following Crete’s union with Greece, he 20.3.1936, reappointing him Governor Donated by Emmanuel Tsouderos was a member of the Hellenic Parliament of the Bank of Greece. On 4.4.1938, for the constituency of Rethymno, tak- he inaugurated the new premises of the ing part in various governments as well Bank’s Head Office. During his term as international meetings. In 1918, he of office, the Banknote Printing Works worked as Technical Expert for the Greek was set up. In 1939, the Metaxas dicta- CREATOR delegation preparing for the Paris Peace torship forced Tsouderos to resign and Conference. During 1924, he served as exiled him. Between 21.4.1941 and Tsouderos, Emmanuel (1882-1956) Minister of Public Transport in the El. 14.4.1944, he was Prime Minister of Venizelos government and Minister of the Greek Government in exile, which, Finance in the G. Kafantaris, A. Papanas- shortly before the seizure of Athens by tasiou and Th. Sofoulis governments. Ηe German troops, fled to Crete and then represented Greece at the Fifth Assem- to Cairo and London. Between Noveber bly of the League of Nations. As Dep- 22, 1945 and April 4, 1946, he served uty Governor of the National Bank of as Second Vice-President and Minister Greece, he contributed to the liquidation of Coordination of the government of of exchangeable Turkish properties and Th. Sofoulis. As President of the Demo- the compensation of Greek refugees in cratic Progressive Party, he co-founded 1925. In the same capacity, in 1927, he the National Progressive Centre Union joined the Greek delegation in negotia- (EPEK) party in December 1949. In 1950, tions with the League of Nations, which he was elected Member of Parliament for led to the Geneva Protocol, paving the the constituency of Piraeus and between way for the 9 million pounds sterling April and August of the same year he tripartite loan and the establishment of served as Minister of Coordination in the the Bank of Greece. The Financial Com- N. Plastiras government. In 1951 (3.8- mittee of the League of Nations would 30.9), he was Vice-President of the S. not lend its support to the loan unless Venizelos government. In 1952, he was the National Bank of Greece confined elected Member of Parliament in the con- itself to its issuing privilege. As this stituency of Athens for EPEK. He served was rejected by National Bank Gover- as minister without portfolio in the nor, Alexandros Diomidis, E. Tsouderos A. Papagos government and member of counter-proposed that the National the Government Coordination Council. 21 El. Venizelos Avenue, 102 50 Athens T.: +30 210 3203530, 3203564-5, 3203521 e-mail: [email protected] Archival description factsheet, p.2/2 Archive of Emmanuel Tsouderos He was awarded the Grand Cross of the affairs. The files have been arranged in Κυριάκος Βαρβαρέσος: Η βιογραφία ως Royal Order of George I with swords thematic and chronological order. All οικονομική ιστορία [Kyriakos Varvares- (1941). He authored several studies and records have been retained with the sos: Biography as economic history], books, including: Το Κρητικόν Πολίτευμα exception of duplicate copies of typed Athens 2017 (in Greek). του 1896 [The Cretan State of 1896] documents which have been destroyed. The Archive has been split by the cre- (1903), Η αποζημίωσις των ανταλλαξίμων ator among the Historical Museum of [Compensation of exchangeable popula- Crete, the American School of Clas- tions] (1927), La Banque de Grèce (Paris, sical Studies at Athens, the Acad- 1928), etc. He passed away in February CONDITIONS emy of Athens and the General State 1956 in Italy. FOR ACCESS AND USE Archives of Greece, while another part of the Archive belonging to his The Archive is freely accessible, subject daughter, Virginia Tsouderou, edited to the applicable legislation and the by herself and published as Emman- CONTENT Terms of Use of the Historical Archives uel I. Tsouderos, Historical Archive, Section of the Bank of Greece (IATE). 1941-1944, Athens 1990, is now in The Αrchive contains records relating to The Bank of Greece is responsible for the possession of the Library of the the negotiations for the establishment safeguarding its copyright in the Archive. Hellenic Parliament. and management of the Bank of Greece, The reproduction of the material is per- economic and monetary issues, war mitted subject to the Τerms of Use of debt, the Refugee Settlement Commis- the IATE. Sources: The material in the Archive; Xeno- phon Zolotas, Οι πρώτοι Διοικηταί της Τραπέζης sion, Greek public debt, the International της Ελλάδος 1928-1954: Διομήδης, Τσουδερός, Financial Control, correspondence of Βαρβαρέσος, Μαντζαβίνος [The first Governors of E. Tsouderos with institutions, entities the Bank of Greece 1928-1954: Diomidis, Tsouderos, and individuals in Greece and abroad, ADDITIONAL Varvaressos, Mantzavinos], Athens 1957 (in Greek); and Margarita Dritsas, Εμμανουήλ Τσουδερός 1882- memoranda to the government, the INFORMATION 1956: Κεντρικός Τραπεζίτης και Πολιτικός [Emmanuel activities of the Greek government-in-ex- Tsouderos 1882-1956: Central banker and politician], ile during the Occupation, and newspa- The Archive’s finding aids are avail- Athens 2012 (in Greek). per clippings. able in electronic format on the The Archive includes handwritten and website of the Bank of Greece. At typed documents and notes, memo- the IATE’s reading room, researchers randa, newspaper clippings, photographs, have access to an electronic inventory as well as handwritten letters from El. based on the second edition of the Venizelos to E. Tsouderos. general International Standard Archi- val Description (ISAD[G]v2), complete with a subject and person name the- saurus. ARRANGEMENT The entire archive has been digitised. The following publications of the Bank The original order of the Αrchive has of Greece include extensive references been maintained and restored where dis- to the Archive: Margarita Dritsas, rupted. The material has been arranged Εμμανουήλ Τσουδερός 1882-1956: into one series, A3S1: Banking and eco- Κεντρικός Τραπεζίτης και Πολιτικός nomic issues and two subseries, A3S1Y1: [Emmanuel Tsouderos 1882-1956: Records on the history of the Bank of Central Banker and Politician], Ath- Greece and A3S1Y2: Files of economic ens 2012 (in Greek); Andreas Kakridis, 21 El. Venizelos Avenue, 102 50 Athens T.: +30 210 3203530, 3203564-5, 3203521 e-mail: [email protected].
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