The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory Grand Valley
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THE GRAND A RCH, TRUSS & BEA Dundalk R IVER WA M : T ERSHED HERI Grand Valley T Fergus A G E BRID Elmira Guelph G E Waterloo I NVEN Kitchener Cambridge New Hamburg T ORY LAKE ONTARIO Brantford Caledonia environment.uwaterloo.ca/research/hrc/ Dunnville MARCH 2013 Tillsonburg Simcoe Aylmer Graphic design by Amy Calder, [email protected] LAKE ERIE Thank you to the Waterloo Regional Heritage Foundation for their generous support without which the design and printing of this report would not have been possible. THE GRAND A RCH, TRUSS & BEA Dundalk R IVER WA M ARCH, TRUSS & BEAM : T ERSHED HERI THE GRAND RIVER WATERSHED HERITAGE BRIDGE INVENTORY Grand Valley T Fergus A G E BRID Elmira Guelph G E Waterloo I NVEN Kitchener Cambridge New Hamburg T ORY LAKE ONTARIO Brantford Caledonia Dunnville MARCH 2013 Tillsonburg Simcoe Aylmer LAKE ERIE MARCH 2013 ARCH, TRUSS & BEAM: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory Prepared By Lindsay Benjamin, Primary Author, Heritage Resources Centre Dr. Barbara Veale, Contributing Editor, Grand River Conservation Authority Dr. Robert Shipley, Editor, Heritage Resources Centre Kayla Jonas Galvin, Editor, Heritage Resources Centre Melissa Davies, Researcher/Writer, Heritage Resources Centre Funding Provided By Government of Ontario Grand River Conservation Authority Waterloo Regional Heritage Foundation March 2013 Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory PREFACE Bridges – primarily road but also railway– are important cultural features within the Grand River watershed and support the national status of the Grand River and its major tributaries as Canadian Heritage Rivers. Some, such as the timber covered bridge of West Montrose, are unique survivors of once common designs. A few, such as the massive, nine-span concrete bowstring bridge across the Grand River at Caledonia, are visually arresting in their scale and form. Yet most of the structures in the watershed are “ordinary” steel or concrete bridges. However, close examination can reveal that they are anything but ordinary in what they can tell us about the past and present. And many, with steel trusses or concrete arches rising above the land have an aesthetic quality. Bridges, like people, have finite lives. Increased traffic loads, salt damage, and freeze/thaw cycles are some of the common factors affecting bridge life. These events are predictable and the loss of key bridges can be planned for. This is why an inventory, like this one of the Grand River watershed, is so important. The inventory can highlight structures before they become a crisis. With pro-active planning it may be possible to reuse the bridge in less strenuous locations, sympathetically repair rather than replace the bridge, or encourage the design of a new structure to be of equal visual quality to the one it replaced. But the inventory is not only for management. For those that have a hankering for old bridges, Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory is a gazetteer for anyone that wants to explore the area. You can discover parts of Ontario and the adjoining resources you never knew existed. Christopher Andreae, PhD Heritage Resources Centre ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This inventory was made possible through the guidance, knowledge, expertise and hard work of a number of groups and individuals, most notably including: Government of Ontario for generously funding this project. Grand River Conservation Authority for supporting and funding this work. Special thank you to Dr. Barbara Veale, Jeff Pitcher and Phil Lenoir. Grand Strategy Heritage Working Group members, specifically: Dr. Barbara Veale, Warren Stauch, Eva Salter, Pat Salter, Karen Richardson and Jan Liggett for providing invaluable and intimate knowledge of the cultural heritage resources found throughout the Grand River watershed. Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory Steering Committee members: Dr. Barbara Veale, Dr. Robert Shipley, Karla Barboza, Chris Mahood, Bert Duclos, Dr. Chris Andreae and Kayla Jonas Galvin for guiding the proj- ect’s methodology. Waterloo Regional Heritage Foundation for their generous support without which the design and printing of this report would not have been possible. Lindsay Benjamin for managing, coordinating and publishing this inventory. Melissa Davies for her invaluable research, photography, and editorial contributions. Kayla Jonas Galvin for her expertise and editing of this report. Marg Rowell for her expertise in evaluating cultural heritage resources. Amy Calder for designing this report. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Humber Watershed Alliance, Heritage Subcommittee for their guidance and seminal work, Crossing the Humber: The Humber River Heritage Bridge Inventory. All watershed municipalities and staff members for participating in this inventory and sharing information on the bridges under their jurisdiction. Such willingness to collaborate ensured the comprehensiveness of this inventory. Members of the public and local residents who so willing provided information invaluable to the determination of cultural heritage value of many bridges included in this inventory, including: Pat Mestern, Madelyn Verspagen, Sharon Anderson, Nathan Holth, Rob Dutton and Sean Young. Heritage Resources Centre TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Watershed Map ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Project Goals ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Evolution of Bridge Building in the Grand River Watershed ...................................................................... 6 2.0 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Scope of focus ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 3.1 Bridge Identification ........................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Field Inspection ................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.3 Archival Research ............................................................................................................................................... 12 3.4 Community Knowledge ..................................................................................................................................... 12 4.0 Evaluation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Bridge Summaries ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 Haldiman County (HD) .................................................................................................................................... 15 City of Brantford (BF) ....................................................................................................................................... 33 County of Brant (B) .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Township of Blandford-Blenhiem (BB) ............................................................................................................... 72 Township of Perth East (PE)................................................................................................................................ 94 Township of North Dumfries (ND) ..................................................................................................................... 108 City of Cambridge (C) ........................................................................................................................................ 112 Township of Wilmot (WT) ................................................................................................................................. 136 City of Kitchener (K) ........................................................................................................................................ 147 Township of Wellesley (WS) ...............................................................................................................................