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Sittas — Wódz Justyniana
ROZPRAWY TERESA WOLIŃSKA Uniwersytet Łódzki Katedra Historii Bizancjum Sittas — wódz Justyniana Jednym z najbardziej zaufanych ludzi Justyniana I w początkowym okresie je go panowania, a zarazem jedną z najważniejszych osobistości w Bizancjum, był bez wątpienia Sittas. Uzdolnienia tego wybitnego wodza porównuje się z talentem Belizariusza, od którego był niewiele starszy i z którym prawie równocześnie rozpo czynał karierę. Niskie pochodzenie nie przeszkodziło mu w osiągnięciu najwyższych zaszczytów, nie tylko na polu wojskowym1. Jako magister militum praesentalis był najwyższym rangą dowódcą wojskowym w państwie2. Dzięki małżeństwu z Komito, starszą siostrą cesarzowej Teodory, spowinowacił się z rodziną cesarską3. Mimo ogromnych zasług i bardzo wysokiej pozycji w państwie, Sittas jest dla nas postacią bardzo tajemniczą. Niewiele wiemy o jego pochodzeniu i początkach kariery. Tak naprawdę nie mamy pewności nawet co do jego imienia. Występuje ono w źródłach w bardzo zróżnicowanych formach: a) S{tta34, b) Zt{tta35, 1 A.A.Czekałow a, Narod i senatorskaja aristokracija Konstantinopola w VI wiekie, „Wi zantijskij Wriemiennik”, t. XXXII, 1971, s. 25. 2 Joannis Malalae Chronographia, Bonnae 1831, s. 465 [dalej: M a l a l a s ], A. D e m a n d t, DieSpätantike.RömischeGeschichtevonDiocletianbisJustinian, München 1989, s. 200; E. S t e i n , HistoireduBasEmpire, przeł. J.–R. P a l a n q u e, t. II: Deladisparitiondel’Empired’Occidentàla mortdeJustinien, Paris–Bruxelles, 1959, cz. 2, s. 291; E. S t e i n, Sittas, [w:] Realencyclopädieder klassischenAltertumswissenschaft [dalej: RE], t. -
The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC. -
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Chapter 12 Aristocrats, Mercenaries, Clergymen and Refugees: Deliberate and Forced Mobility of Armenians in the Early Medieval Mediterranean (6th to 11th Century a.d.) Johannes Preiser-Kapeller 1 Introduction Armenian mobility in the early Middle Ages has found some attention in the scholarly community. This is especially true for the migration of individuals and groups towards the Byzantine Empire. A considerable amount of this re- search has focused on the carriers and histories of individual aristocrats or noble families of Armenian origin. The obviously significant share of these in the Byzantine elite has even led to formulations such as Byzantium being a “Greco-Armenian Empire”.1 While, as expected, evidence for the elite stratum is relatively dense, larger scale migration of members of the lower aristocracy (“azat”, within the ranking system of Armenian nobility, see below) or non- aristocrats (“anazat”) can also be traced with regard to the overall movement of groups within the entire Byzantine sphere. In contrast to the nobility, however, the life stories and strategies of individuals of these backgrounds very rarely can be reconstructed based on our evidence. In all cases, the actual signifi- cance of an “Armenian” identity for individuals and groups identified as “Ar- menian” by contemporary sources or modern day scholarship (on the basis of 1 Charanis, “Armenians in the Byzantine Empire”, passim; Charanis, “Transfer of population”; Toumanoff, “Caucasia and Byzantium”, pp. 131–133; Ditten, Ethnische Verschiebungen, pp. 124–127, 134–135; Haldon, “Late Roman Senatorial Elite”, pp. 213–215; Whitby, “Recruitment”, pp. 87–90, 99–101, 106–110; Isaac, “Army in the Late Roman East”, pp. -
(AD 298-642) Dijkstra, Jitse Harm Fokke
University of Groningen Religious encounters on the southern Egyptian frontier in Late Antiquity (AD 298-642) Dijkstra, Jitse Harm Fokke IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2005 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Dijkstra, J. H. F. (2005). Religious encounters on the southern Egyptian frontier in Late Antiquity (AD 298- 642). s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 27-09-2021 8. Philae and the Missions to Nubia Byzantine Missions of the Sixth Century Ever since the reign of the Emperor Constantine, the Christian mission had been part of imperial ideology.15 With the adoption of the Hellenistic concept of the basileus, the Christian emperors were regarded as God’s representatives on earth, one of whose tasks it was to spread Christianity within the imperial frontiers, and beyond.16 At first, the emperor was not directly involved, as in the mission of Frumentius to Axum. -
Teresa Wolińska Sittas - Wódz Justyniana
Teresa Wolińska Sittas - wódz Justyniana Przegląd Historyczny 101/2, 155-170 2010 ROZPRAWY TERESA WOLIŃSKA Uniwersytet Łódzki Katedra Historii Bizancjum Sittas — wódz Justyniana Jednym z najbardziej zaufanych ludzi Justyniana I w początkowym okresie je go panowania, a zarazem jedną z najważniejszych osobistości w Bizancjum, był bez wątpienia Sittas. Uzdolnienia tego wybitnego wodza porównuje się z talentem Belizariusza, od którego był niewiele starszy i z którym prawie równocześnie rozpo czynał karierę. Niskie pochodzenie nie przeszkodziło mu w osiągnięciu najwyższych zaszczytów, nie tylko na polu wojskowym1. Jako magister militum praesentalis był najwyższym rangą dowódcą wojskowym w państwie2. Dzięki małżeństwu z Komito, starszą siostrą cesarzowej Teodory, spowinowacił się z rodziną cesarską3. Mimo ogromnych zasług i bardzo wysokiej pozycji w państwie, Sittas jest dla nas postacią bardzo tajemniczą. Niewiele wiemy o jego pochodzeniu i początkach kariery. Tak naprawdę nie mamy pewności nawet co do jego imienia. Występuje ono w źródłach w bardzo zróżnicowanych formach: a) Σίττα^4, b) Ζτίττα^5, 1 A.A.Czekałowa, Narod i senatorskaja aristokracija Konstantinopola w VI wiekie, „Wi- zantijskij Wriemiennik”, t. XXXII, 1971, s. 25. 2 Joannis Malalae Chronographia, Bonnae 1831, s. 465 [dalej: Malalas], A. Demandt, Die Spätantike. Römische Geschichte von Diocletian bis Justinian, München 1989, s. 200; E. Stein, Histoire du Bas Empire, przeł. J.-R. Palanque, t. II: De la disparition de l ’Empire d ’Occident à la mort de Justinien, Paris-Bruxelles, 1959, cz. 2, s. 291; E. Stein, Sittas, [w:] Realencyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft [dalej: RE], t. III/A/1, Stuttgart 1927, kol. 403-409; J.L .T eall, The Barbarians in Justinian Armies, „Speculum”, t. -
The Ruin of the Roman Empire
7888888888889 u o u o u o u THE o u Ruin o u OF THE o u Roman o u o u EMPIRE o u o u o u o u jamesj . o’donnell o u o u o u o u o u o u o hjjjjjjjjjjjk This is Ann’s book contents Preface iv Overture 1 part i s theoderic’s world 1. Rome in 500: Looking Backward 47 2. The World That Might Have Been 107 part ii s justinian’s world 3. Being Justinian 177 4. Opportunities Lost 229 5. Wars Worse Than Civil 247 part iii s gregory’s world 6. Learning to Live Again 303 7. Constantinople Deflated: The Debris of Empire 342 8. The Last Consul 364 Epilogue 385 List of Roman Emperors 395 Notes 397 Further Reading 409 Credits and Permissions 411 Index 413 About the Author Other Books by James J. O’ Donnell Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher preface An American soldier posted in Anbar province during the twilight war over the remains of Saddam’s Mesopotamian kingdom might have been surprised to learn he was defending the westernmost frontiers of the an- cient Persian empire against raiders, smugglers, and worse coming from the eastern reaches of the ancient Roman empire. This painful recycling of history should make him—and us—want to know what unhealable wound, what recurrent pathology, what cause too deep for journalists and politicians to discern draws men and women to their deaths again and again in such a place. The history of Rome, as has often been true in the past, has much to teach us. -
The Armies of Belisarius and Narses
1 O’ROURKE: ARMIES OF BELISARIUS AND NARSES ARROW-STORMS AND CAVALRY PIKES WARFARE IN THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN I, AD 527-565 THE ARMIES OF BELISARIUS AND NARSES by Michael O’Rourke mjor (at) velocitynet (dot) com (dot) au Canberra Australia September 2009 1. Introduction: “Rhomanya” 2. Troop Numbers 3. Troop Types 4. Tactics 5. Selected Battles 6. Appendix: Arrows, Armour and Flesh “Rhomanya”: The Christian Roman Empire of the Greeks Having been conquered by the Romans, the Aramaic- and Greek-speaking Eastern Mediterranean lived for centuries under imperial rule. Its people had received full citizenship already in 212 AD. So the East Romans naturally called themselves Rhomaioi, the Greek for ‘Romans’. The term Rhomanya [Greek hê Rhômanía:‘Ρ ω µ α ν ’ι α ] was in use already in the 300s (Brown 1971: 41). Middle period examples denoting the ‘Eastern’ Empire are found in the 600s - as in the Doctrina Jacobi - and in the 800s in various entries in the chronicle of Theophanes (fl. 810: e.g. his entry for AD 678). Although we do not find the name Rhômanía in Procopius, fl. AD 550, or in Anna Comnena, fl. 1133, it does occur in the writings of emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, fl. 955. The later medieval West, after AD 800, preferred the style ‘Greek Empire’. After 1204 the Latins used the term Romania to refer generally to the Empire and more specifically to the lower Balkans (thus English ‘Rumney wine’, Italian vino di Romania). Our own name Rumania/Romania, for the state on the northern side of the Danube, was chosen in 1859. -
Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium
HERACLIUS EMPEROR OF BYZANTIUM WALTER E. KAEGI PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB21RP, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Walter E. Kaegi 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions ofrelevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction ofany part may take place without the written permission ofCambridge University Press. First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Adobe Garamond 11/12.5 pt. System LATEX 2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Kaegi, Walter Emil. Heraclius: emperor ofByzantium / Walter E. Kaegi. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0 521 81459 6 1. Heraclius, Emperor ofthe East, ca. 575–641. 2. Byzantine Empire–History–Heraclius, 610–641. 3. Emperors–Byzantine Empire–Biography. I. Title. DF574 .K34 2002 949.5 013 092 –dc21 [B] 2002023370 isbn 0 521 81459 6 hardback Contents List of maps page vi List of figures vii Acknowledgments viii List of abbreviations x Introduction 1 1 Armenia and Africa: the formative years 19 2 Internal and external challenges -
Puech 2015-II-2.Pdf
pour citer cet article : Puech, Vincent, «Les officiers de l’armée d’Afrique sous Justinien », RM2E - Revue de la Méditerranée, édition électronique, Tome II. 2, 2015, p. 57-.82. éditeur : Institut méditerranéen url : http://www.revuedelamediterranee.org/index_htm_files/ Puech_2015-II-2.pdf Pour contacter la revue secrétariat de rédaction : [email protected] ISSN : 2274-9608 publié en juillet 2015 © Institut méditerranéen LES OFFICIERS DE L’ARMÉE D’AFRIQUE SOUS JUSTINIEN Vincent Puech Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines e tous les royaumes installés dans les constructeurs des forteresses et le livre d’Y. «Dles ruines de l’Empire d’Occident, Modéran5 sur les relations entre les Romains et celui des Vandales apparaissait comme le plus les Maures. L’historiographie récente est ainsi puissant, le plus dangereux et aussi le plus riche assez peu revenue sur les structures de l’armée mais ses divisions internes récentes le rendaient de Justinien et en particulier sur la composition vulnérable et les catholiques persécutés par le du corps des officiers, même si l’ouvrage de roi appelaient de leurs vœux une intervention J. ConantMéditerranée6 sur l’Afrique vandale et byzantine impériale. Ce furent ces faits qui déterminèrent offre quelques aperçus à ce sujet. Je voudrais Justinien à le retenir comme premier objectif m’intéresser ici à la sociologie des officiers de de sa politique d’expansion »1. Ces réflexions Justinienla afin de tenter de mettre en lumière de G. Tate mettent bien en valeur l’enjeu de la les forces et les faiblesses du commandement reconquête de l’Afrique pour le grand empereur romain (ou byzantin) en Afrique. -
The Masters of Soldiers in the Compilation 'Notitia Dignitatum' (Cnd)
Appendix 10: The Masters of soldiers in the Compilation 'notitia dignitatum' (Cnd) § Sections page 1 Introduction 2 2 Official texts from 344-534 and copies of them that are independent of the Cnd 4 2a The compilations of Roman imperial laws 5 2b The accuracy of copies of the laws 7 2c The importance of the laws 7 3 The master of soldiers 8 3a The service position M- 8 3b The rank, dignity and precedence of the service position M- 10 4 The Latin names for the service position M- in laws and inscriptions 12 4a Summary of the names for M- 12 4b Magister equitum et peditum MEP 13 4c Magister utriusque militiae MVM 16 4d Magister militum MM 18 4e Magisteria potestas MaP 20 4f Extraordinary M- (temporary, reserve and substitute officers) 22 4g Other names used for the service position M- 23 4h The designations praesentalis and in praesenti 24 1. praesentalis 24 2. in praesenti 28 5 The names magister equitum ME and magister peditum MP 30 5a Magister peditum 31 5b Magister equitum 34 6 The Cnd lists and pictures and their numbering 39 6a Precedence lists 39 6b Agency lists 40 6c Pictures 41 6d Numbering and reference 41 7 The Cnd names for the position M- compared with those in laws and inscriptions 42 7a Unsynchronised and unstandardised names for positions M- 43 7b The Cnd names for the service position M- in laws and inscriptions 43 1. magister peditum 43 2. magister equitum 43 3. magister equitum per gallias 43 4. -
Vandalia: Identity, Policy, and Nation-Building in Late-Antique North Africa
VANDALIA: IDENTITY, POLICY, AND NATION-BUILDING IN LATE-ANTIQUE NORTH AFRICA BY EUGENE JOHAN JANSSEN PARKER A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Victoria University of Wellington 2018 Abstract In 534, after the conquest of the Vandal kingdom, Procopius tells us that the emperor Justinian deported all remaining Vandals to serve on the Persian frontier. But a hundred years of Vandal rule bred cultural ambiguities in Africa, and the changes in identity that occurred during the Vandal century persisted long after the Vandals had been shipped off to the East: Byzantine and Arabic writers alike shared the conviction that the Africans had, by the sixth and seventh centuries, become something other than Roman. This thesis surveys the available evidence for cultural transformation and merger of identities between the two principal peoples of Vandal Africa, the Vandals and the Romano-Africans, to determine the origins of those changes in identity, and how the people of Africa came to be different enough from Romans for ancient writers to pass such comment. It examines the visible conversation around ethnicity in late-antique Africa to determine what the defining social signifiers of Vandal and Romano-African identity were during the Vandal century, and how they changed over time. Likewise, it explores the evidence for deliberate attempts by the Vandal state to foster national unity and identity among their subjects, and in particular the role that religion and the African Arian Church played in furthering these strategies for national unity. Finally, it traces into the Byzantine period the after-effects of changes that occurred in Africa during the Vandal period, discussing how shifts in what it meant to be Roman or Vandal in Africa under Vandal rule shaped the province's history and character after its incorporation into the Eastern Empire. -
Narses and the Birth of Byzantine Egypt : Imperial Policy in the Age of Justinian Marion W
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 4-25-2008 Narses and the birth of Byzantine Egypt : Imperial policy in the age of Justinian Marion W. Kruse III Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Recommended Citation Kruse, Marion W. III, "Narses and the birth of Byzantine Egypt : Imperial policy in the age of Justinian" (2008). Honors Theses. Paper 587. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LIBRARIES Hts \l\\l\\\l\\\\\\l\l\\\l\ll\\l\\l\\\\l\\\l\\\l\\\l\\l\l\\l\\l\\\\l krv 3 3082 01020 0151 Narses and the Birth of Byzantine Egypt: Imperial Policy in the Age of Justinian By Marion Woodrow Kruse III Honors Thesis In the Departments of History and Classical Studies University of Richmond Richmond, VA April25,2008 Advisor: Dr. Walter Stevenson Kruse 1 Introduction Late Antiquity has long been portrayed as a period of transition between the classical and medieval worlds. Its history, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, has been forced to fit the contours of a transitional model, and no figure has been as ill-treated by this interpretive schema as the Emperor Justinian (r. 527-565 AD). Justinian is known both as the last Roman and first Byzantine emperor; in fact he was neither. It is true that he ruled an empire which was both physically and intellectually the heir of Augustus' Rome and that he introduced wide-ranging reforms which were maintained by his Byzantine successors.