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University of California ~~?'4~6r. , UGB.L ' . ·: ... .I UNIVERSITY OF 'ill.r '~lJ CALIFORNIA TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks .. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Dioision, Ext. 5545 BERKELEYt CALIFORNIA DISCLAIMER - This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California. cv. )- UCRL·~·.274h Unclassified Chemistry UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Radiation Laboratory Berkeley~ California Contract Noe W·-740 _5 .. ·eng-48 RADIOC~ITCAL AND SPECTROMETER STUDIES OF SO:tviE NETtl NUCLEAR ISmiJ.ERS PREPARED ·! BY t"YCLOTRON BONBARDMENT· Hirdaya Behari Mathur (Thesis) ., ' October 59 1954. 1 P:t~inted for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission -2- Page TABLE OF CONTEl'IT'S I o INTB.ODUCTION o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ., o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 7 IL STUDIES OF NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES OF CESIUM AND OF THE E3 ISOMERS Xel27m AND Xel25m PRODUCED BY THEIR DECAY o o 14. 12 127 The:Radiations of Cs 7 and the Isomer Xe mo o o o o o ••••• 15 12 12 The Radiations of cs 5 and the Iso~er Xe 5m •••• o. o •••• 35 c. Ce s i 1lill 12 3 o o o o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ·• o o o o 47 D o C e s i urn 130 o o o o o o a o a o o o a a o ., o o o a a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o 47 : 89m . 89 IIL STUDIES ON THE ISOMERIC PAIR Nb and 1~ ··••••o••o•o••o 48 A. Garmna Ray Studies Establishing the Isomerism •• , •• o. o o, o o 49 B. Carbon Ion Bombardments o o o , o o o o o o o o o o o , ••• o o o •• o • o. o o • o o 56 C o Discussion ., o o o o o o o o o o o o o Cl' o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o 58 90 90ml 90m2 IV. STUDIES ON Mo AND THE NEW ISOMERS Nb · , Nb o o o o o o o o 61 A o . Molybdenlml. 90. o o o. o o o o o " o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o • o o o o o o • o o o o o o o o o 62 . 90ml B. The 2 4 -Second .Isomer., Nb oooooo•o•o•••o•••o••oooooooo 66 0. C. Preliminf3.cy Half .. Life Studies on 250-Kev Isomeric State Nb90ni2 o o o ., Q o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o G o o " o o o o o 73 D. Measurement of Half Life of Nb90m2 •• o o o o. o o. o o , o o • o o 0 o o. 75 90 V. THE RADIATIONS OF 14 .6-HOUR Nb AND AN ISOMERIC STATE . 90 . IN THE EVEN -EVEN NUCLIDE Zr . o o o • o • o o o o o o o 0· o o o o o • o o o o o o o •• 12 122 VI o STUDIES ON THE NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES xe 3, xe . AND Xel21 AND THE IODINE DAUGHTERS FORMED IN THEIR DECAY o o 80- A o Xenon 122 and Iodine 122 o o o o o o o o o o o o o • o o o o •. o o o o • o o o o o o o 81 B o Xenon 12 3- and Iodine 12 3 .•. o o o • o o o o ••• o • o o •• o o o o o o o o o • • • 86 C o Xenon 121 ··a.n,d Iodine 121 o o o o o o • o 0 o o o o o o o o o •• o • o o o o • o o •.o • 8.8 o El t f 121 X 122 X 123 M" t D o Convers1on ec rons o ·X e ~ e - e lX .ureoooooo• 88 VII o EXPERIMEJ.\j"'TAL :METHODS o o o o o o o • o o o o o o o o o • o o o • o • o o o o o o •• o o o o o o 90 Ao Cyclotron Targets 0 o·o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ·0 0 0 0 90 B o . Radiochemical .Procedures o o o o o o •• o o o. o o o • o o o o o o o. o o o. o • o o 93 - Co G1ow~Discharge Method •• o o o. o o. o o o o o o o o •• o o. o o. o o. o.••• o o. 95· Do Insttlliilents o o o o o" o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ~ o o o o () o o o a o o o .100. VIII o ACKNOWLEDGMENTS o • o o o o ••••• o o • o o o o •• o o • o •• o o o o o •• o o o o • o o o o o 104 IX o · RWER.EN'CES o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o " "' o o ~ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 10 5 =3= Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS • .· . 127 Fig. L Fermi -Kurie plot of high energy portion of Cs ' positron spectrum. Resolution of a second com­ ponent after correction for conversion electrons is sho-wn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ·" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 12 Gamma spectrum of cs 7 determined in scintillation spectrometer. Sainple mounted on aluminum ••••••••..•••. 19 Gamma spectn.un of Cs127 in 0- to 200-kev region show= ing prominent x=ray peak. Sample mounted on aluminum,, 20 12 Fig, 4. Conve~sion electron speQtrum of Cs 7 in 80- to 450":kev region determined in lens spectrometer •.•.•.•.•. ~ .•.•.. 21 127 Fig. 5. Conversion electron spectrum of Cs in 0- to 120=kev region in double-focusing spectrometer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 22 Fig, 6, Apparatus for the collection and study of the gamma spectrum of short-lived xenon daughter activity from 12 12 cs 7 or Cs 5 samples................................. 26 127m / Gamma spectrum of F:i,g. 7. Xe " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " o " " " " .. " " " " " ., 27 Fig. 8. Decay of activity in gamma peaks showing resolution of 75 =second activi·ty" " o " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " o " " "· 28 127 Fig. 9. Yield of 75-second Xe m from timed milk,ings of 12 Cs 7. paren·t sample" " o " " " a o , " o ·a " a o " a () " " a " " " " a " " o ~ o " " " " a 29 127 Fig, 10. Proposed decay scheme of ·cs. .•••.••.••••.•.•.•.•.••• 31 127 Fig, 11. Gamma spectru:m of 34-day Xe • , ••..••.•.•••. , , .•..•... 33 12 Fig. 12. Gamma spectrum of Xe 7 showi.ng the gamma rays in coincidence with the 56=kev gamma ray ..•.••••......••.. Fig. 13. Fermi""Kurie plot showing endpoint energy of the most o •t . c· 125 energet lC pos1 rons 1n s •• , , • , , . , .•.•.•.•... , , ••••. 37 125 Fig. 14·. Gamma spectrum of Cs in 0= to 200-kev region. Sample mounted on a.lumin.um" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " o o " o " " " " " " " o " . 125 Fig. 15. Gamma spect:r'Um of mass·-separa~ed Cs in 0- to 600 ..... kev re gl on " " " " o · " " " " o ., . " " " o " " " " '!: " " " " " " o " " " " " o " o o " " ... o " 39 f~' 12 12 Fig. 16. Gamma spectrum of xe 5m+ Xe 5 daughter activity collectedin.apparatus of Fig.
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