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National Reports on Wetlands in South China Sea
United Nations UNEP/GEF South China Sea Global Environment Environment Programme Project Facility “Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand” National Reports on Wetlands in South China Sea First published in Thailand in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publicationas a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit, United Nations Environment Programme, UN Building, 2nd Floor Block B, Rajdamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel. +66 2 288 1886 Fax. +66 2 288 1094 http://www.unepscs.org DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of UNEP or the GEF. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, of the GEF, or of any cooperating organisation concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, of its authorities, or of the delineation of its territories or boundaries. Cover Photo: A vast coastal estuary in Koh Kong Province of Cambodia. Photo by Mr. Koch Savath. For citation purposes this document may be cited as: UNEP, 2008. -
IND: Support for the National Action Plan on Climate Change
Final Report September 2011 Appendix 5, 6,7 and 8 Supporting Appendices PREPARED FOR Government of India Governments of Punjab, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu Asian Development Bank Supporting Appendices Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for Sub Basins 6 Summary of Meetings and Consultations 7 Terms of Reference 8 Study Tour Report 1 Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for the Sub Basins A. Objectives of the pilot sub basins 2 B. Snow Fed Basins 2 C. Ground Water Basins 3 D. Coastal Areas . 6 E. Selection 8 F. Summary 12 Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 5 Selection Matrix for Sub Basins 2 A. Objectives of the pilot sub basins 1. The NAPCC TA will undertake studies in three selected pilot sub-basins to develop strategic frameworks for addressing existing issues and likely scenarios of climate change. Framework planning would be applied to identify key issues, including surface, groundwater as well as the related water sectors including environment. The plans would set out broad strategies and programs to meet the needs of increased robustness and resilience of water systems against climate uncertainty, increasing water demand and environmental requirements. The pilot basins have been selected based on the type and likely degree of sensitivity to climate change. The basin selection should incorporate three major areas of concern: (i) alterations of winter snow-pack dynamics from climate change, (ii) basins or sub- basins where groundwater is major water source with issues and (iii) coastal areas where sea level rise will have impacts on surface and groundwater, together with increased flood risk. 2. -
Hydropower Generation, Flood Control and Cascade Effect: a National
Hydropower generation, flood control and cascade effect: A national assessment for Vietnam Tien-Viet Nguyen PhD Candidate Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, UK ([email protected]) Prepared for The tenth Vietnam Economist Annual Meeting 2017 Abstract In this paper, we apply the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) discharge sim- ulation coupled with econometric methods to model the performance of hydropower plants on a national scale in Vietnam - a hydro-dependent country with a diversity of terrain and climate conditions. A watershed is formed from three large inter-boundary basins: Red River, Vietnam Coast and Lower Mekong River with a total area of 977,964 km2. These are then divided into 7,887 subbasins with a mean area of 131.6km2 (based on level 12 of HydroSHEDS/HydroBASINS datasets) and 53,024 HRUs. River flow is simulated for the 40 largest hydropower plants across Vietnam from 1995 to mid-2014, coinciding with the period when both power supply and power demand rose quickly and hydropower played a prominent role in the national power source. Simulated flow appears to be a good proxy for the inflow into hydropower dams and our baseline model is able to capture 87.7% of the variation in monthly generation. In the subsequent ex- tensions of our models, we find evidence of the flood control benefit and an existence of a cascade effect for electric dams with large reservoirs providing potential resilience to the national power supply when there are adverse impacts from climate change. How- ever the harmony among dams are found to be not uniform across basin. -
Relevance of the UNWC in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region
UN Watercourses Convention and Greater Mekong Sub-region Prepared by: Sokhem Pech Senior River Basin Governance Specialist, JULYL 2011 Hatfield Consultants Part nership TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... iv LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................ vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 CONTEXT AND SCOPE OF WORK ..................................................................... 2 1.3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 2 2.0 MEKONG REGION AND ITS TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS ...... 3 2.1 MEKONG RIVER BASIN ..................................................................................... 4 2.2 RED RIVER ........................................................................................................... 7 2.3 SALWEEN (NU) RIVER BASIN ............................................................................ 8 2.4 SAIGON RIVER .................................................................................................. 10 2.5 DULONG/ -
Baseline Assessment of Microplastic Concentrations in Marine and Freshwater Environments of a Developing Southeast Asian Country, Viet Nam
Marine Pollution Bulletin 162 (2021) 111870 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Pollution Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul Baseline Baseline assessment of microplastic concentrations in marine and freshwater environments of a developing Southeast Asian country, Viet Nam Emilie Strady a,b,*, Thi Ha Dang c, Thanh Duong Dao d, Hai Ngoc Dinh e, Thi Thanh Dung Do c, Thanh Nghi Duong e, Thi Thuy Duong f,g, Duc An Hoang h, Thuy Chung Kieu-Le i,j, Thi Phuong Quynh Le g,k, Huong Mai d, Dang Mau Trinh l, Quoc Hung Nguyen m, Quynh Anh Tran-Nguyen n, Quoc Viet Tran b, Tran Nguyen Sang Truong b, Van Hai Chu m, Van Chi Vo h a Aix-Marseille Univ., Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), Marseille, Universite de Toulon, CNRS/IRD, France b CARE, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM, Viet Nam c Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Ba Ria – Vung Tau University, Viet Nam d University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam e IMER, Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Vietnam Academic Science and Technology, Viet Nam f Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam g Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam h Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, Viet Nam i Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, -
Efficient Water Allocation and Water Conservation Policy Modeling in the Aral Sea Basin
ZENTRUM FÜR ENTWICKLUNGSFORSCHUNG - RHEINISCHE FRIEDRICH-WILHELMS-UNIVERSITÄT BONN Efficient Water Allocation and Water Conservation Policy Modeling in the Aral Sea Basin Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr.agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt am 31.10.2013 von Maksud Bahodirovich Bekchanov aus Khorezm (Usbekistan) Referent: Prof. Dr. Joachim von Braun Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Thomas Heckelei Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 26.03.2014 Erscheinungsjahr: 2014 Diese Dissertation ist auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver der ULB Bonn http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert. 1 EFFICIENT WATER ALLOCATION AND WATER CONSERVATION POLICY MODELING IN THE ARAL SEA BASIN ABSTRACT Increasing water demand challenges policy makers to implement in-time and effective water management measures to mitigate both the on-going and upcoming water crisis in the Aral Sea basin (ASB) of Central Asia. The shrinkage of the Aral Sea due to the rapid expansion of irrigated agriculture along the two main rivers of the basin – the Amu Darya and Syr Darya – which accompanied by water overuse is at the core of the all water related problems. Various hypothetical “solutions”, including massive inter-basin water transfers, have been considered to ease the water challenge. Yet, given the enormous conveyance and water application losses in the irrigation system combined with ineffective coordination of the basin resources among the riparian countries in both the Amu and Syr Darya basins, increasing the efficiency of using internal water resources is more technically and financially feasible option. Furthermore, water management measures must address the root causes of water scarcity and ecological deterioration rather than attempting to deal with the consequences of the problem only. -
Pr Oceed in Gs
Proceedings 5TH International Symposium on Environmental Sociology in East Asia 30TH October - 1ST November 2015 ISESEA-5 Sakura Hall, Tohoku University 2015 Sendai, Japan Disaster,Risk and Sustainable Community 5TH International Symposium on Environmental Sociology in East Asia 30TH October - 1ST November 2015 ISESEA-5 Sakura Hall, Tohoku University 2015 Sendai, Japan Proceedings JAES Japanese Association for Environmental Sociology Proceedings of the ISESEA-5 Sendai Copyright © 2015 by the ISESEA-5 Organizing Committee All rights reserved Edited and Published by the ISESEA-5 Organizing Committee C/o Prof. Koichi Hasegawa, Chair of the ISESEA-5 Organizing Committee Department of Sociology, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University 27-1 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8576, Japan E-mail: [email protected] www.sal.tohoku.ac.jp/soc/isesea-5/ The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Committee nor the organizing institutions and sponsors Typeset in Palatino and Helvetica Neue Printed and bound by Sagami Print, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan Cover photo and design by Saburo Horikawa (Professor, Department of Sociology, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan) Copyright © 2015 by Saburo Horikawa. All rights reserved This Symposium is organized by the ISESEA-5 Organizing Committee Hosted by Japanese Association for Environmental Sociology [JAES], ISA Research Committee 24 “Environment and Society” [ISA-RC24], Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, and the -
Study on Nationwide Water Resources Development and Management in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Study on Nationwide Water Resources Development and Management in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam CHAPTER 1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.1 Background of the Study Water resources in Vietnam are characterized by severe water shortage in the dry season and, on the contrary, serious flood damages in the rainy season. The water shortage in the dry season causes not only irrigation domestic and industrial water supply problems but also serious water pollution and saline water intrusion. Flood damages in the rainy season including agricultural production loss, human lives and important assets in densely populated urban areas are being accelerated due to recent remarkable urbanization. As such, solution of the problems is of keen necessity of Vietnam, and several water resources development projects comprising mainly multipurpose dam based projects have been proposed by each province. However, since the proposed projects are not integrated as a basin-wide water resources development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) has difficulty to determine the implementation sequence for these water resources developments. In order to overcome these constraints, the Government of Vietnam has come to conclusion that an integrated approach to water resources development and management is unavoidable, and had a strong intention to carry out a study on nationwide water resources development and management. In order to materialize the study, the Government of Vietnam requested to the Government of Japan the technical assistance of the Study on Nationwide Water Resources Development and Management Master Plan (the Study). In response to request of the Government of Vietnam, the Government of Japan decided to conduct the Study within the general framework of the technical cooperation between the Government of Japan and the Government of Vietnam signed on October 20, 1998. -
From Southeast Asia Received: 26 April 2018 Ivan N
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A new genus and tribe of freshwater mussel (Unionidae) from Southeast Asia Received: 26 April 2018 Ivan N. Bolotov 1,2, John M. Pfeifer3, Ekaterina S. Konopleva1,2, Ilya V. Vikhrev1,2, Accepted: 21 June 2018 Alexander V. Kondakov1,2, Olga V. Aksenova1,2, Mikhail Yu. Gofarov1,2, Published: xx xx xxxx Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan4 & Than Win 5 The freshwater mussel genus Oxynaia Haas, 1911 is thought to be comprised of two geographically disjunct and morphologically variable species groups but the monophyly of this taxon has yet to be tested in any modern cladistic sense. This generic hypothesis has important systematic and biogeographic implications as Oxynaia is the type genus of the currently recognized tribe Oxynaiini (Parreysiinae) and is one of the few genera thought to cross several biogeographically important barriers in Southeast Asia. Morphological and molecular data clearly demonstrate that Oxynaia is not monophyletic, and the type species and its allies (O. jourdyi group) belong to the Unioninae, and more specifcally as members of the genus Nodularia Conrad, 1853. Therefore, neither Oxynaia syn. nov. nor Oxynaiini Starobogatov, 1970 are applicable to the Parreysiinae and in the absence of an available name, Indochinella gen. nov. and Indochinellini trib. nov. are described. Several combinations are proposed as follows: Indochinella pugio (Benson, 1862) gen. et comb. nov., Nodularia jourdyi (Morlet, 1886) comb. res., N. gladiator (Ancey, 1881) comb. res., N. diespiter (Mabille, 1887) comb. res. and N. micheloti (Morlet, 1886) comb. res. Finally, we provide an updated freshwater biogeographic division of Southeast Asia. Integrative taxonomic studies are of substantial practical importance to conservation stakeholders as accurate information on the systematics and distributions of biodiversity forms the foundation of taxon- and habitat-based conservation eforts. -
Age Distribution of Monazites from the Nine Rivers of Vietnam
国立科博専報,(46): 97–108, 2010年3月28日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (46): 97–108, March 28, 2010 Age Distribution of Monazites from the Nine Rivers of Vietnam Kazumi Yokoyama1, Yukiyasu Tsutsumi1, Nguy Tuyet Nhung2 and Phan Van Quynh2 1 Department of Geology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–0073, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Geology, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract. More than 2500 age determinations were carried out on monazite and thorite grains sampled from rivers cutting through Vietnam. Monazite ages ranged up to 2600 Ma, but ages Ͼ540 Ma are rare or absent. In northern Vietnam, monazite has major peaks at 30 Ma and 260 Ma, whereas in the southern part, 240 Ma and 450 Ma are those mainly represented. These ages, except for 30 Ma, are the most common ages in the Indochina and Yangtze cratons. The detailed age dis- tributions for young monazite was clarified by analyses of thorites. In the Red River, the thorite age varies from 24 Ma to 55 Ma with major peak at 26 Ma. The peak age varies from river to river: 34 Ma for the Black River, 30 Ma for the Ma River and 24 Ma for the Ca River. These youngest ages are due to thermal event during shearing and left-lateral displacement along the rivers. A small peak at 50 Ma was found from the Red and Black rivers. Such an age has not been previously de- scribed from the areas along the rivers. -
Persistent, Bio-Accumulative and Toxic Contaminants in Coastal Marine Environment of Pakistan
JAMSHORO Ph.D Thesis Persistent, Bio-accumulative and Toxic Contaminants in Coastal Marine Environment of Pakistan Nuzhat Khan Submitted to University of Sindh Jamshoro towards fulfillment of the requirement to award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Analytical Chemistry National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan 2012 Persistent, Bio-accumulative and Toxic Contaminants in Coastal Marine Environment of Pakistan A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY By Nuzhat Khan National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan 2012 In the name of Allah Subhanutallah He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him. sūrat l-ḥashr 59 (59:23). My humblest thanks to Allah, He who is my acquaintance and my greatest strength. Thanks for the courage and determination to pursue my dreams. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to My mother A pillar of strength, my best friend, my buddy, my inspiration, my protector, my elation, wind beneath my wings without her in it, my life would be zero. My mother remains the love of my life. She is always there for me even before I am there myself, When she is around I am never alone. I thank her for believing in me and always making me see good, even at the most unpleasant times, and helping me make my weakness my greatest strengths. -
A Novel Method in Surface Water Quality Assessment Based on Improved Variable Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article A Novel Method in Surface Water Quality Assessment Based on Improved Variable Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis Yucheng Liu 1,2,* , Chuansheng Wang 1, Yutong Chun 1, Luxin Yang 2,3, Wei Chen 1 and Jack Ding 4 1 School of Information, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China; [email protected] (C.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (W.C.) 2 State Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] 3 Institute of International Economy, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China 4 School of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S2E8, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 September 2019; Accepted: 31 October 2019; Published: 6 November 2019 Abstract: In the case of surface water pollution, it is important and necessary to accurately assess the level of contaminated water and ensure the safety of drinking water for people in disaster areas during floods. However, for the assessment of the strict requirements of drinking water, traditional assessment methods still have some limitations, such as low precision and rationality. In order to overcome these limitations, in the light of the theory of set pair analysis and variable fuzzy set, we propose an improved variable fuzzy set pair analysis method (IVFSPA), which combines the analysis framework of variable fuzzy set and set pair analysis, and has made some improvements to the fusion architecture. Firstly, we present a novel game theory comprehensive weighting method, in which the objective entropy method and the subjective analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method employed to obtain the reasonable weight.